Updates on the Updates on the Philippine Philippine Qualifications Framework Qualifications Framework (PQF) (PQF) Jose Y. Cueto Jr., MD, FPCS, FPSGS, MHPEd Jose Y. Cueto Jr., MD, FPCS, FPSGS, MHPEd Professional Regulatory Board of Medicine Professional Regulatory Board of Medicine Overall Technical Coordinator for the PQF Overall Technical Coordinator for the PQF Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines (CEAP) First Catholic Higher Education Institutions (CHEI) Conference November 20, 2014
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Updates on the Philippine Qualifications Framework (PQF) Jose Y. Cueto Jr., MD, FPCS, FPSGS, MHPEd Professional Regulatory Board of Medicine Overall Technical.
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Updates on the Philippine Updates on the Philippine Qualifications Framework (PQF) Qualifications Framework (PQF)
Jose Y. Cueto Jr., MD, FPCS, FPSGS, MHPEdJose Y. Cueto Jr., MD, FPCS, FPSGS, MHPEdProfessional Regulatory Board of MedicineProfessional Regulatory Board of MedicineOverall Technical Coordinator for the PQFOverall Technical Coordinator for the PQF
Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines (CEAP)First Catholic Higher Education Institutions (CHEI) Conference
November 20, 2014
Outline of PresentationOutline of Presentation
1. History of Qualifications Frameworks1. History of Qualifications Frameworks
2. Development of the PQF2. Development of the PQF
3. Comparison with other countries3. Comparison with other countries
4. Components of the PQF4. Components of the PQF
5. Challenges5. Challenges
6. Summary6. Summary
BackgroundBackground
1. History of Qualifications Frameworks1. History of Qualifications Frameworks
Extent worldwideExtent worldwide
Timing Timing between the late 1980s and the between the late 1980s and the mid-1990smid-1990s
CountriesCountries
11stst Generation Generation
United KingdomUnited KingdomScotlandScotlandAustraliaAustraliaNew ZealandNew ZealandSouth AfricaSouth Africa
Extent worldwideExtent worldwide
Timing Timing between the late 1990s and the between the late 1990s and the early 2000’searly 2000’s
CountriesCountries
22ndnd Generation Generation
Ireland Ireland MalaysiaMalaysiaMaldivesMaldivesMauritiusMauritiusMexicoMexicoNamibiaNamibiaPhilippinesPhilippinesSingaporeSingaporeThailandThailandTrinidad and TobagoTrinidad and TobagoWalesWales
Extent worldwideExtent worldwideTiming Timing
mid 2000’s to the mid 2000’s to the present timepresent time
Defined in terms of Defined in terms of 3 domains3 domains
1. 1. Knowledge, skills and values Knowledge, skills and values
2. 2. ApplicationApplication
3. 3. Degree of independenceDegree of independence
THE PHL QUALIFICATIONS THE PHL QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORKFRAMEWORK
LEVELLEVEL
GRADE 10
GRADE 12
TECHNICAL TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND EDUCATION AND
SKILLS DEVELOPMENTSKILLS DEVELOPMENT HIGHER EDUCATIONHIGHER EDUCATION
DOCTORAL AND POST DOCTORAL
BACCALAUREATE
BASIC BASIC EDUCATIONEDUCATION
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7
L8
NC I
NC II
NC IVNC IV
NC III
NC IV
DIPLOMA
BACCALAUREATE
POST BACCALAUREATE
LEVELLEVEL 66KNOWLEDGE, KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND SKILLS AND
VALUESVALUES
Demonstrated broad and coherent Demonstrated broad and coherent knowledge and skills in their field of study knowledge and skills in their field of study for professional work and lifelong learningfor professional work and lifelong learning
APPLICATIONAPPLICATION Application in professional work in a broad Application in professional work in a broad range of discipline and/or for further studyrange of discipline and/or for further study
DEGREE OF DEGREE OF INDEPENDENCEINDEPENDENCE
Substantial Substantial degree of independence degree of independence and/or in teams of related fields with and/or in teams of related fields with minimal supervisionminimal supervision
LEVELLEVEL 77KNOWLEDGE, KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND SKILLS AND
VALUESVALUES
Demonstrated advanced knowledge and Demonstrated advanced knowledge and skills in specialized or multidisciplinary field skills in specialized or multidisciplinary field of study for professional practice, creative of study for professional practice, creative work, self-directed research and/or lifelong work, self-directed research and/or lifelong learninglearning
APPLICATIONAPPLICATION Applied in professional work that requires Applied in professional work that requires leadership and management in a leadership and management in a specialized or multidisciplinary professional specialized or multidisciplinary professional work and/or research and/or further studywork and/or research and/or further study
DEGREE OF DEGREE OF INDEPENDENCEINDEPENDENCE
High degree of independence that involves High degree of independence that involves exercise of leadership and initiative, exercise of leadership and initiative, individual work or in teams of individual work or in teams of multidisciplinary fieldmultidisciplinary field
LEVELLEVEL 88KNOWLEDGE, KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND SKILLS AND
VALUESVALUES
Demonstrated highly advanced systematic Demonstrated highly advanced systematic knowledge and skills in highly specialized knowledge and skills in highly specialized and/or multidisciplinary field of learning for and/or multidisciplinary field of learning for complex research, creative work and/or complex research, creative work and/or professional practice and leadership for the professional practice and leadership for the advancement of learning and development advancement of learning and development of innovationsof innovations
APPLICATIONAPPLICATION Applied in highly specialized or complex Applied in highly specialized or complex multidisciplinary field of professional work multidisciplinary field of professional work that requires innovation, and/or leadership that requires innovation, and/or leadership and management and/or research in a and management and/or research in a specialized or multidisciplinary fieldspecialized or multidisciplinary field
DEGREE OF DEGREE OF INDEPENDENCEINDEPENDENCE
Full independence in individual work and/or Full independence in individual work and/or in teams of multidisciplinary and more in teams of multidisciplinary and more complex setting that demands leadership complex setting that demands leadership for research and creativity for value added. for research and creativity for value added. Significant level of expertise-based Significant level of expertise-based autonomy and accountability.autonomy and accountability.
QUALIFICATION QUALIFICATION TYPETYPE Doctoral and PostdoctoralDoctoral and Postdoctoral
3. Comparison with International 3. Comparison with International
44 Technical & Vocational Certificate IIITechnical & Vocational Certificate III
33 Technical & Vocational Certificate IITechnical & Vocational Certificate II
22 Technical & Vocational Certificate ITechnical & Vocational Certificate I
11 Vocational CertificateVocational Certificate
INDONESIAINDONESIA
S2S2S2S2
S1S1S1S1
S3S3S3S3
General High School
General High School
11
22
33
44
55
77
88
99
66
ProfessionalProfessional
SpesialistSpesialist
D ID I
D IVD IV
D IIID III
D IID II
Vocational Senior High School
Vocational Senior High School
SubspesialistSubspesialist
Elementary/Junior High SchoolElementary/Junior High School
FORMAL ACADEMIC EDU FORMAL VOCATIOAL/PROF EDU
22
2222
MALAYSIAMALAYSIA
MYANMAR (Ministry of Labour Employment and Social MYANMAR (Ministry of Labour Employment and Social Security)Security)
Qualification Certificate System QualificationQualification Job levelJob level Skill, Knowledge and Ability Skill, Knowledge and Ability
Certificate 1Certificate 1 1. Semi-skill worker1. Semi-skill worker Understands safety requirementsUnderstands safety requirementsHas basic practical skills and operational knowledge in a Has basic practical skills and operational knowledge in a defined range of tasksdefined range of tasksCan carry out routine tasks given clear directionCan carry out routine tasks given clear directionCan receive and pass on informationCan receive and pass on informationCan access and record informationCan access and record informationTake limited responsibilityTake limited responsibility
Certificate 2Certificate 2 2. Skilled worker2. Skilled worker Has practical skills and operational knowledge in a range of Has practical skills and operational knowledge in a range of taskstasksCan carry out skilled tasks Can carry out skilled tasks Take limited responsibility for output of selfTake limited responsibility for output of self
Has some theoretical knowledgeHas some theoretical knowledgeHas a range of well developed skillsHas a range of well developed skillsCan apply solutions to routine problemsCan apply solutions to routine problemsCan interpret available informationCan interpret available informationCan take responsibility for output of othersCan take responsibility for output of others
Certificate 4Certificate 4 4. Supervisor4. Supervisor Has a broad knowledge base, and can apply some theoretical Has a broad knowledge base, and can apply some theoretical conceptsconceptsCan identify and apply skills and knowledgeCan identify and apply skills and knowledgeCan identify, analyze and evaluate informationCan identify, analyze and evaluate informationUnderstands and can take responsibility for quality, safety and Understands and can take responsibility for quality, safety and environmental issuesenvironmental issues
30
Singapore ( Workforce Development Agency)Singapore ( Workforce Development Agency)
* WSQ (Workforce Skills Qualifications)
NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORK OF THAILANDNATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORK OF THAILAND
Level 1Level 1 Competent in performing simple Competent in performing simple and repetitive tasksand repetitive tasks
Certificate 1Certificate 1
Level 2Level 2 Competent in performing simple Competent in performing simple tasks, repetitive tasks and some tasks, repetitive tasks and some complicated taskscomplicated tasks
Certificate 2Certificate 2
Level 3Level 3 Can work independently without Can work independently without guidanceguidance
Certificate 3Certificate 3
Level 4Level 4 Competent in performing a broad Competent in performing a broad range of varied tasks, most of range of varied tasks, most of which are complexwhich are complex
Certificate 4Certificate 4
Level 5Level 5 Competent in performing all Competent in performing all varied tasks, fluently and skillfullyvaried tasks, fluently and skillfully
Certificate 5Certificate 5
United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates
PQF ComponentsPQF Components
1.1. Quality AssuranceQuality Assurance2.2. Pathways and EquivalenciesPathways and Equivalencies3.3. International AlignmentInternational Alignment4.4. Qualifications RegisterQualifications Register5.5. Lifelong LearningLifelong Learning6.6. Credit TransferCredit Transfer7.7. Outcomes-based Education, Learning Outcomes-based Education, Learning
OutcomesOutcomes
1. Quality Assurance1. Quality Assurance
Distribution of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)
• Public = 219 (12%)(excluding 442 satellite
campuses)
Distribution of Students
Public = 1.42M (43%)
• Private = 1,652 (88%)
Private = 1.89M (57%)
• Public = 219 (12%)• Private = 1,652 (88%) Total = 1,871 •86% with >2000 students•75% with >1000 students
Public = 1.42M (43%) Private = 1.89M (57%) Total = 3.3M
HALLENGE HALLENGE Challenge : A large number of HEIs with uneven quality to monitor and quality
assure
Challenge : A large number of HEIs with uneven quality to monitor and quality
assure
Note: Thailand 169 HEIs; Malaysia 435; Indonesia 3130 for 238M people
Needed to protect the interests of people who Needed to protect the interests of people who gain qualificationsgain qualifications
To build confidence in the qualifications among To build confidence in the qualifications among its users, including employersits users, including employers
Quality AssuranceQuality Assurance
Developments: globalization / migration / Developments: globalization / migration / mobility of labormobility of labor
Foreign employers may not know details Foreign employers may not know details of individual qualificationsof individual qualifications
Important: they have confidence in the Important: they have confidence in the qualifications systems of the workers’ qualifications systems of the workers’ countriescountries
Quality AssuranceQuality Assurance
External Accreditation SystemExternal Accreditation System
Only 11-15% of 2,000+ HEI’s have Only 11-15% of 2,000+ HEI’s have attained external accreditationattained external accreditation
(Quality of institutions)(Quality of institutions)
PRC Licensure Examinations average PRC Licensure Examinations average passing percentage: 38% (2008-2012)passing percentage: 38% (2008-2012)
Implementation of CurriculumImplementation of Curriculum
Assessment of StudentsAssessment of Students
Promotion SystemPromotion System
Awarding of Qualification Awarding of Qualification
Quality AssuranceQuality Assurance
For Regulated ProfessionsFor Regulated Professions
Only institutions with a passing percentage Only institutions with a passing percentage equal to or higher than the national equal to or higher than the national passing average can apply for passing average can apply for accreditationaccreditation
QA of Student AssessmentQA of Student Assessment
Peer review of:Peer review of:
Test BlueprintTest Blueprint
Examination itemsExamination items
Classification of questionsClassification of questions
Standard setting: MPLStandard setting: MPL
Item analysis resultsItem analysis results
Examination Committee/sExamination Committee/s
2. Pathways and Equivalencies2. Pathways and Equivalencies
To enable qualifications and learning to To enable qualifications and learning to relate across areas and levels allowing relate across areas and levels allowing people to move from one program of people to move from one program of learning to another learning to another
Alternative Learning SystemsAlternative Learning Systems
Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency and Accreditation Programand Accreditation Program
Linked with Credit TransferLinked with Credit Transfer
Transition and progression from one Transition and progression from one course or program to another without course or program to another without duplication of learning under the duplication of learning under the mechanism of credit accumulation and mechanism of credit accumulation and transfertransfer
Philippine Credit Transfer SystemPhilippine Credit Transfer System
3. International Alignment3. International Alignment
Three Levels:Three Levels:
1. Education1. Education
2. Practice of the Profession2. Practice of the Profession
Studies on International Studies on International AlignmentAlignment
Courses / Professions with internationally Courses / Professions with internationally agreed upon frameworks and mechanisms agreed upon frameworks and mechanisms
Maritime (International Maritime Maritime (International Maritime Organization)Organization)
Example of Register EntryExample of Register EntryQualification TitleQualification TitleQualification LevelQualification LevelIssue Coding NumberIssue Coding NumberDate of IssueDate of IssueIssued byIssued byDescriptorDescriptor
Credit UnitsCredit Units
Entry RequirementsEntry Requirements
Qualification Qualification developerdeveloper
Quality assurance Quality assurance bodybody
ContentContent
Bachelor of Science in Civil EngineeringBachelor of Science in Civil Engineering PQF Level 6PQF Level 6 00____________00____________ ______________ ______________ Mapua Institute of TechnologyMapua Institute of Technology The program provides a solid and coherent foundation of The program provides a solid and coherent foundation of
civil works, knowledge, professional skills, values, civil works, knowledge, professional skills, values, ethics and attitude that enable graduates to continue to ethics and attitude that enable graduates to continue to learn and adapt to changes in practice of the professionlearn and adapt to changes in practice of the profession
232232 Secondary Education Report CardSecondary Education Report Card Certificate of Good Moral CharacterCertificate of Good Moral Character
Mapua Institute of TechnologyMapua Institute of Technology
Example of Register EntryExample of Register EntryQualification TitleQualification TitleQualification LevelQualification LevelIssue Coding NumberIssue Coding NumberDate of IssueDate of Issue
Diplomate/Fellow in General SurgeryDiplomate/Fellow in General SurgeryPQF Level 8PQF Level 800____________00________________________________________
PSGS/PBSPSGS/PBSThe program provides a solid and coherent The program provides a solid and coherent
foundation in the diagnosis and management of foundation in the diagnosis and management of general surgical conditions, and exposure to the general surgical conditions, and exposure to the different surgical specialties.different surgical specialties.
(compute number of hours or credits)(compute number of hours or credits)
Passed the Physician Licensure ExaminationsPassed the Physician Licensure Examinations
PSGSPSGS
PBS, PCSPBS, PCS Clinical rotations dealing with General Surgery, Clinical rotations dealing with General Surgery,
head and neck, breast, abdomen, abdominal head and neck, breast, abdomen, abdominal wall, extremities, and Surgical Specialties.wall, extremities, and Surgical Specialties.
MALAYSIAPHILIPPINES
Qualification LevelsQualification Levels
Filipino, BS Medical Technology
PQF Level 6Bachelor’s DegreeMQF Level 6
INDONESIAPHILIPPINES
Qualification LevelsQualification Levels
Filipino, Doctor of MedicineSpecialist in Internal Medicine
Subspecialist in Cardiology
PQF Level 8
Subspecialist Qualification
IQF Level 9
INDONESIAPHILIPPINES
Qualification LevelsQualification Levels
Specialist in Internal Medicine
Subspecialist in Cardiology
PQF Level 8
Subspecialist QualificationIQF Level 9
Indonesian, Doctor of Medicine
Qualifications RegisterQualifications Register
All Qualifications at different levels:All Qualifications at different levels:
1.1. Basic EducationBasic Education
2.2. TVETTVET
3.3. Higher EducationHigher Education
4.4. Professional LevelProfessional Level
5. Lifelong Learning5. Lifelong Learning
FORMALLEARNING
NON-FORMALLEARNING
INFORMALLEARNING
CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
5. Lifelong Learning5. Lifelong Learning
FORMALLEARNING
NON-FORMALLEARNING
INFORMALLEARNING
CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
46 PRC CPD COUNCILS
ACCREDITED CPD PROVIDERS
ACCREDITED PROGRAMS
6. Credit Transfer6. Credit Transfer
1.1. Number of hours = Number of creditsNumber of hours = Number of credits
2.2. Different kinds of activitiesDifferent kinds of activities
3.3. Notional number of creditsNotional number of credits