Update on Influenza Virus Surveillance Findings in 2008/09 Season in Northern Hemisphere Who Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza at Center for Influenza Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan Takato Odagiri, Ph.D .
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Update on Influenza Virus Surveillance Findings in 2008/09 Season in Northern Hemisphere Who Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza.
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Update on InfluenzaVirus Surveillance Findings in 2008/09
Season in Northern Hemisphere
Who Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza at Center for Influenza Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases,
Tokyo, Japan
Takato Odagiri, Ph.D.
Weekly report of virus isolation/detection in 2008-09 season
By NIID
By CDC
Pandemic A/H1N1 viruses
3584(32%)
2071(19%)
2475(22%)
2949(27%)
H1N1
H1N1pdm
H3N2
BAs of 11 Aug
248(11%)
201 (9%)
625(28%)
1186(52%)
H1N1
H1N1pdm
H3N2
B
As of week 30
A(H1N1) viruses September 2008-January 2009
H1N1, Sept 2008 – Jan 2009
H1N1 antigenic analysis
By NIID
H1N1 antigenic analysis
By CDC
Summary of antigenic analysis of A/H1N1 in four WHO CCs
Antigenic characterization of AH1N1 viruses isolated after March
By NIID
By CDC
By CDC
Number of oseltamivir resistance viruses isolated in Japan
(Oct 2008-May 2009)
By NIID
H1N1 viruses - SummaryOct 2008-Feb 2009• Influenza A(H1N1) viruses predominated in many Asian and North
American countries• The majority of viruses were antigenically closely related to
A/Brisbane/59/2007 by HI analysis• Phylogenetically the majority of H1N1 viruses grouped into the
A/Brisbane/59/2007 clade (2B) based on their HA gene. • Recent 2B viruses share H275Y indicative of resistance to
oseltamivir. They were antigenically similar to osel-sensitive viruses.• Recent viruses from China fall within the A/Hong Kong/2652/2006
clade (2C) and these viruses were similar antigenically to clade 2B viruses. Clade 2C viruses are sensitive to oseltamivir and resistant to amantadine/rimantadine
Mar - July 2009• The features of viruses were similar to those observed earlier in
2009.• Majority of recent A(H1N1) viruses were antigenically closely related
to A/Brisbane/59/2007 and formed clade 2B sharing H275Y.• In the few clade 2C viruses, dual resistance to oseltamivir and
amantadine/rimantadine were detected.
A(H3N2) viruses September 2008-January 2009
H3N2, Sept 2008 – Jan 2009
By NIID
Table 4B. Antigenic analyses of influenza A H3N2 viruses - Guinea Pig RBCs (05/02/2009)
1 Based on 50% plaque reduction compared to serum negative controls2 RDE treatedAgglutinate guinea pig RBCs only
Vaccine strains
Passage History
Neutralisation titre1
Post-infection ferret sera2
By NIMR
A/Brisbane/10/07-like low-reactors (≥ 8-f)
• CDC (Oct-) 45 [90%] 5 [10%]
• NIID (Oct-) 32 [56%] 25 [44%]
• NIMR (Oct-) 160 [90%] 18 [10%]*
• VIDRL (Oct-) 145 [93%] 11 [ 7%]
• Total 382 [87%] 59 [13%]
H3 low reactors in HI assays in WHOCCs
*0% by virus neutralization
Vaccine virus
March-July 2009
By NIMR
By NIID
Vaccine virus
By Cambridge Univ.
H3N2 viruses - Summary Oct 2008-Feb 2009• H3N2 viruses co-circulated with H1N1 and B viruses in many countries• Majority were antigenically similar to A/Brisbane/10/07 and
A/Uruguay/716/07 by HI tests with turkey RBCs or guinea pig RBCs.• The ‘low reactors’ were antigenically indistinguishable from vaccine
viruses by Neutralization tests. • HA and NA sequences fairly homogeneous and fell within the
resistance• Sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivirMar - July 2009• Majority were antigenically similar to vaccine viruses.• An increasing number of H3N2 isolates have been shown to be
antigenically distinct from vaccine viruses and related to A/Hawaii/7/09, A/HK/1985/09 and A/Perth/16/09.
• The majority of HA sequences of those viruses formed a separate clade characterized by aa subsitutions E62K, N144K, K158N and N18K.
• They retained resistance to amantadine/rimantadine and were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir.
B viruses September 2008-January 2009
B, Sept 2008 – Jan 2009
Numbers of 2 lineages of B viruses detected in GISN since week 40
2008
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 1 2 3 4
week #
B-Y B-V
B-Victoria lineage
B-Yamagata lineage
HI reactions of influenza type B viruses
By NIID
HI reactions of influenza type B virusesB/Victoria-lineage
By NIMR
HI reactions of influenza type B viruses B/Yamagata lineageTable 7. Antigenic analyses of influenza B viruses (Yamagata lineage)
Evolutionary Relationships Among Influenza B (Victoria Lineage) HA Genes
B/Malaysia/2506/2004
K165N
Chinese clade
By Melbourne C.
Evolutionary Relationships Among Influenza B (Yamagata Lineage) HA Genes
10 nucleotides By Melbourne C.
March-July 2009
By NIMR
HI reactions of influenza type B virusesB/Victoria-lineage
By CDC
By Cambridge Univ.
B/Victoria-lineage HA
By NIID
Vaccine virus
Chinese viruses
By CDC
B/Yamagata-lineage HA
Vaccine virus
Summary for influenza B virusesOct 2008-Feb 2009
• Influenza B viruses circulated in many countries however regional outbreaks were limited.
• Viruses of both B/Victoria/2/87 and B/Yamagata/16/88 lineages continued to co-circulate in many countries
• B/Victoria-lineage viruses predominated in most countries and were mostly antigenically closely related to B/Brisbane/60/2008.
• Viruses mainly from China fell into a separate phylogenetic clade
• B/Yamagata-lineage viruses were antigenically closely related to B/Florida/4/2006 & B/Brisbane/3/2007 vaccine viruses.
• Three phylogenetic clades were apparent but were antigenically indistinguishable.
Mar - July 2009
• B/Victoria-lineage viruses predominated and were mostly antigenically closely related to vaccine strain B/Brisbane/60/2008.
• Many viruses isolated in China were closely related to B/Fujian Gulou/1272/08 and B/Hubei-Songzi/51/08.
• B/Yamagata-lineage viruses were antigenically closely related to B/Florida/4/2006 and mostly fell into their HA sequences of the B/Bagladesh/3333/07 clade.
WHO Collaborating Centers
(US-CDC, NIMR, Melbourne)
Cambridge University
NICs
(China-CDC, Korea-CDC, NHL-Myanmar,
NCLE-Lao PDR, NIH-Mongolia and other NICs of WHO GISN)