National Center for Environmental Health Division of Laboratory Sciences Biomonitoring California Scientific Guidance Panel Meeting July 16, 2015 Oakland, CA Organic Analytical Toxicology Branch Division of Laboratory Sciences National Center for Environmental Health Antonia M. Calafat Update from CDC: Phthalates and Phthalate Alternatives
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National Center for Environmental Health Division of Laboratory Sciences
Biomonitoring California Scientific Guidance Panel Meeting July 16, 2015 Oakland, CA
Organic Analytical Toxicology Branch Division of Laboratory Sciences
National Center for Environmental Health
Antonia M. Calafat
Update from CDC: Phthalates and Phthalate Alternatives
Phthalates exposure generalities Changes in exposures
Use of NHANES Archived samples: DINCH example German Environmental Specimen Bank
Selection of phthalate biomarkers DiNP DBP and DiBP
Toxicology vs exposures DPP
Future work
Outline
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OH
OR’
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OR1
O O
Widely used industrial chemicals As plasticizers of PVC
• Miscellaneous products • Medical devices, tubing and blood bags
In consumer & personal care products • Fragranced products, cosmetics • Paints, ink & lacquers • Medications
Adverse health outcomes in experimental animals exposed to high doses of phthalates
Emerging data on potential human effects at background exposure levels
Metabolites as biomarkers of exposure
What are Phthalates?
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The Human Exposure Scenario
Controlled conditions, as in animal studies, do not apply
Numerous and even unknown exposure routes and sources
Unknown dose, duration, frequency and timing
People exposed to chemical “cocktails” (multiple/mixtures)
Testicular toxicant in rats In-vivo metabolism in rats Nine rats Single oral dose (500 mg/Kg) Urine collected 24-h & 48-h after
dose
Toxicology vs Exposure: Dipentyl Phthalate (DPP)
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Silva et al. Chemosphere 2011
Forty-five spot samples Anonymously collected in 2009 from adults Relatively low detection frequency for MHPP (specific) No correlation between MHPP & MCBP/MCPP
Limited exposure to DPP in US adults
Human Exposure to Dipentyl Phthalate (DPP)
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Analytical method Can we add more analytes? Instrumentation
• DiDP vs Bis-(2-propylheptyl)phthalate (DPHP)
Toxicokinetics Abundance Specificity
Target population Exposures can be population-specific
• Age-dependent
Nature of exposure Background vs specific exposures
What Exposure Biomarkers Should We Measure?
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Americans are exposed to phthalates Market changes in commercial formulations Introduction of replacement chemicals
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
National Center for Environmental Health Division of Laboratory Sciences