Ellsworth/UA Update and New Considerations in Cotton Insect Management Peter C. Ellsworth IPM Specialist Maricopa Agricultural Center University of Arizona Early Season Cotton Management Meeting 26 May 2004
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Ellsworth/UA
Update and New Considerations in Cotton
Insect Management
Peter C. EllsworthIPM Specialist
Maricopa Agricultural CenterUniversity of Arizona
Early Season Cotton Management Meeting26 May 2004
Ellsworth/UA
Insect Management
• Review of status of Lygus IPM– What do we know & need to know?
– Address two questions; Spatial & chemical control
– Selective options for Lygus control?
• Whitefly Management– Review basic guide for cotton
– New information on Knack
– Historical performance
Ellsworth/UA
Lygus IPM……depends on 3 basic keys
1
2
3
Ellsworth/UA
Key Elements……what have we got?
Ellsworth/UA
Lygus Can Be Managed!
Even side-by-side
Ellsworth/UA
Avoid Adults; Control Nymphs
Ellsworth/UA
Lygus hesperusAdult• Can cause
damage• Cannot be
reliably controlled
• Key to movement & reproduction
Spray all you want!
Ellsworth/UA
Ring Analyses to Determine Range of Impact of Lygus
• How are Lygus densities in focal fields related to source potential of surrounding crops?
C
Ellsworth/UA
Lygus Associations• Seed alfalfa fields are
sources of Lygus for cotton fields. This effect does not extend beyond 1 mile.
• Cotton fields are sinks for Lygus. This effect disappears beyond 0.5 miles.
• Strategic placement of crops could help alleviate Lygus problems.
Ellsworth/UA
Adults move; Nymphs don’t
00F3threshold
Ellsworth/UA
UTC
Adults move; Nymphs eat!
Ellsworth/UA
0 Sprays3 Sprays
Note height difference
Ellsworth/UA
Avoid Adults; Control Nymphs!
Ellsworth/UA
Yield & Revenue : Density
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Threshold (in nymphs / 100; 15T)
R2 = 0.86
<== ave. costs87 60 53 035104
• Maximum Yield @ 1.7 nymphs / 100
• Maximum Revenue @ 5.2 nymphs / 100
• Recommendation: 4 nymphs with at least 15 total Lygus per 100 sweeps (‘15:4’)
Ellsworth/UA
Sampling & Thresholds100 sweeps
Ellsworth/UA
Sampling & Thresholds
13 Adults+
4 Nymphs(17:4)
is over
‘15:4’
Spray
Ellsworth/UA
Sampling & Thresholds
13 Adults+
3 Nymphs(16:3)
is under
‘15:4’
Not Yet!
Ellsworth/UA
5-Aug 16-Aug 2 wk < c.o.
23-Aug 1 wk < c.o.
6-Sep 1 wk > c.o.
20-Sep 3 wk > c.o.
LT4
LT3
LT2
LT1
Spray DatesLygus Termination (LT)
Timing Late Season Controls(when should you stop spraying?)
c.o. = cut-out or nodes above white flower = 5
Ellsworth/UA
2003 Experiment
• Two planting dates: April 30 & May 28
• Three varieties: SG215BR, DP449BR, DP555BR
• Two irrigation termination timings: Aug. & Sept.
• Four Lygus chemical control terminations
High heat stress & fruit shed July-August
Extremely productive “fall”, long, open and dry
Ellsworth/UA
Opt215Late
Opt215Opt
Opt449Late
Opt449Opt
Opt555Late
Opt555Opt
Late215Late
Late215Opt
Late449Late
Late449Opt
Late555Late
Late555Opt
05
101520253035404550 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
b b b
a a a
b
a a a
b
a
b b
c
High Populations Late Season
Ellsworth/UA
Yield : Nymphs Relationship
Opt215Late
Opt215Opt
Opt449Late
Opt449Opt
Opt555Late
Opt555Opt
Late215Late
Late215Opt
Late449Late
Late449Opt
Late555Late
Late555Opt
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
Nym
ph
s / 1
00 s
Ellsworth/UA
Opt215Late
Opt215Opt
Opt449Late
Opt449Opt
Opt555Late
Opt555Opt
Late215Late
Late215Opt
Late449Late
Late449Opt
Late555Late
Late555Opt
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200 a a
b b
a
b
a a a a a
b
a
b
a
b
a a a a a a
b b
a
b
c c
a a a
b b
a a a a a a
b
a
b b
a a
b
a
b b
a
b b b
a a a a
50¢ Cotton Returns
Don’t Spray
2 03 Sprays 1 Spray 0
Ellsworth/UA
Effective & Selective Chemistry
• Effective chemistry is available, but limited to broad spectrum materials (I.e., Orthene or Vydate)
• Selective technologies have been key to managing whiteflies and pink bollworm
• Can selective agents be found for Lygus?
Ellsworth/UA
Yield (03F4Eff)
* * * *
b b
c
d
f
g
f
g
a
b
c
f
g
Orthene(5 Sprays)
Regent(5 Sprays)
Vydate(5 Sprays)
O R UFCV D
Flonicamid(4 Sprays)
Control(0 Sprays)
Ellsworth/UA
Whitefly IPM……depends on 3 basic keys
1
2
3
Ellsworth/UA
Snow in Phoenix?
QuickTime™ and a Cinepak decompressor are needed to see this picture.
Ellsworth/UA
Basic Guide• Initiate WF control with IGRs!
– Consider either IGR, if Courier (= Applaud) is not used locally in melons; Use Knack, otherwise.
– Use full rates (8 oz product); DON’T CUT RATES!
• Avoid neonicotinoids in cotton, where they are depended on locally for melon & vegetable production– I.e., Intruder or Centric
• Follow timing guidelines– 40% of leaves infested with 3 or more adults plus– 40% of leaf disks infested with 1 or more large nymphs
• Don’t Get Distracted
Ellsworth/UA
The Penalty is Severe & Lasting
QuickTime™ and a Cinepak decompressor are needed to see this picture.
Ellsworth/UA
Egg
Crawler
2nd 3rd
4th,“pupa”
AdultKnack®Knack®Major Major
Points of Points of Insect Insect Growth Growth RegulationRegulation
Courier ™Courier ™
buprofezin
pyriproxyfen
Ellsworth/UA
IGR-treated Untreated
Ellsworth/UA
Bioresidual v. Chemical Residual
Recent studies on field residues of pyriproxyfen (Knack) to understand where and when Knack is capable of killing whiteflies
How long does Knack sterilize females for?
How long does Knack last on or in cotton leaves?
bbiioollooggiiccaalliinnsseeccttiiccee
Ellsworth/UA
Females Sterilized for 4 d*1 feeding bout
Days After Treatment
1 2 3 4 6 7 80 5
Mea
n D
ead
Egg
s (%
± S
EM
)
0
20
40
60
80
100FemaleMaleWater
Days after 14-hr Exposure to Knack
% Dead Eggs
Even males can ‘sterilize’ females
Ellsworth/UA
Knack Sterilized Eggs on Treated Leaves for 30 Days
Fourth Leaf
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
0
20
40
60
80
100
KnackWater
% Dead Eggs
Days after Spray on Cotton
on day 0
Ellsworth/UA
Field Decay of Knack ResiduesDon’t Cut Rates!
0 5 10 15 20 25
Pyr
ipro
xyfe
n (P
PM
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
−
=X
ey1072.0
9867.6
8986.02 =R
PPM
Days after Spray on Cotton
Ca. 7 d half-life
Ellsworth/UA
2003 WF Management Demonstration
Ellsworth/UA
Real World Example (03F22)
YIELD LIMITINGDefoliated
02468
101214161820
15-Jul 15-Aug 15-Sep
Intruder (2.3 oz)
Courier 70WP (8 oz)
Knack (8 oz)
UTC
Ellsworth/UA
Historical Comparisons Knack 1996
6
666
66
6
6
66
6
6
6
6
6
66
6
6
66
0
1
2
3
June July August September
1996
Ellsworth/UA
Knack 1997UTC > 12.8 (9/16)
6
666
66
6
6
66
6
6
6
6
6
66
6
6
667
777
7
7
7
7
7
7770
1
2
3
June July August September
1997
Ellsworth/UA
Knack 1998UTC > 3.0 (8/10)
6
666
66
6
6
66
6
6
6
6
6
66
6
6
667
777
7
7
7
7
7
777 8 8 8
8
8
8
88 8
8
8
88
0
1
2
3
June July August September
1998
Ellsworth/UA
Knack 1999UTC > 3.3 (8/16)
6
666
66
6
6
66
6
6
6
6
6
66
6
6
667
777
7
7
7
7
7
777 8 8 8
8
8
8
88 8
8
8
88
9 9 99
9
9
9
9
9 9 9
9
9
0
1
2
3
June July August September
1999
Ellsworth/UA
Knack 2000UTC > 10.6 (8/3)
6
666
66
6
6
66
6
6
6
6
6
66
6
6
667
777
7
7
7
7
7
777 8 8 8
8
8
8
88 8
8
8
88
9 9 99
9
9
9
9
9 9 9
9
900
0
0
0
00
00
0
1
2
3
June July August September
2000
Ellsworth/UA
Knack 2002UTC > 6.4 (9/18)
6
666
66
6
6
66
6
6
6
6
6
66
6
6
667
777
7
7
7
7
7
777 8 8 8
8
8
8
88 8
8
8
88
9 9 99
9
9
9
9
9 9 9
9
900
0
0
0
00
00
2 22 2
2
22
22 2
2
2 2
0
1
2
3
June July August September
2002
Ellsworth/UA
Knack 2003UTC > 18.0 (9/18)
6
666
66
6
6
66
6
6
6
6
6
66
6
6
667
777
7
7
7
7
7
777 8 8 8
8
8
8
88 8
8
8
88
9 9 99
9
9
9
9
9 9 9
9
900
0
0
0
00
00
2 22 2
2
22
22 2
2
2 2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
0
1
2
3
June July August September
2003
Application made 10 d late
Ellsworth/UA
Historical Performance of Knack, 1996–2002
6
666
66
6
6
66
6
6
6
6
6
66
6
6
667
777
7
7
7
7
7
777 8 8 8
8
8
8
88 8
8
8
88
9 9 99
9
9
9
9
9 9 9
9
900
0
0
0
00
00
2 22 2
2
22
22 2
2
2 2
0
1
2
3
June July August September
1996 19981997
19992000
2002
Consistent timing, consistent results
Ellsworth/UA
Historical Performance of Knack, 1996–2003
6
666
66
6
6
66
6
6
6
6
6
66
6
6
667
777
7
7
7
7
7
777 8 8 8
8
8
8
88 8
8
8
88
9 9 99
9
9
9
9
9 9 9
9
900
0
0
0
00
00
2 22 2
2
22
22 2
2
2 2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
0
1
2
3
June July August September
1996 19981997
19992000
2002 2003
Incorrect timing, less effective results
Ellsworth/UA
Don’t Forget! (1992)
QuickTime™ and a Cinepak decompressor are needed to see this picture.
Ellsworth/UA
Basic Guide• Initiate WF control with IGRs!
– Consider either IGR, if Courier (= Applaud) is not used locally in melons; Use Knack, otherwise.
– Use full rates (8 oz product); DON’T CUT RATES!
• Avoid neonicotinoids in cotton, where they are depended on locally for melon & vegetable production– I.e., Intruder or Centric
• Follow timing guidelines– 40% of leaves infested with 3 or more adults plus– 40% of leaf disks infested with 1 or more large nymphs
• Don’t Get Distracted
Ellsworth/UA
Acknowledgments• Virginia Barkley who supervised and others (7)
who conducted the sampling• Christa Ellers-Kirk for assistance with analyses• Larry Antilla, Jerry Kerr and the rest of the
ACRPC staff who provide crop maps & coordinates
• Steve Husman, Dave Langston, Jennifer Jones and cooperating growers involved with the implementation of the Maricopa Community Wide Lygus Action Plan
• ACGA and Cotton Incorporated who supported (pce) the Lygus termination studies
Ellsworth/UA
Information
• All University of Arizona crop production & crop protection information is available on our web site,
• Arizona Crop Information Site (ACIS), at
• http://cals.arizona.edu/crops
•• All University of Arizona All University of Arizona crop production & crop crop production & crop protection information is protection information is available on our web site,available on our web site,
•• Arizona Crop Information Arizona Crop Information Site (ACIS), atSite (ACIS), at
•• http://http://cals.arizona.educals.arizona.edu/crops/crops
ACIS
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