Unsolved problems in freight transport - climbing the three mountaintops of real-time data

CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS

UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN FREIGHT TRANSPORTCLIMBING THE THREE MOUNTAINTOPS OF REAL-TIME DATA

Per Olof Arnäs Chalmers University of Technology @Dr_PO [email protected] about.me/perolofarnas Slides: slideshare.net/poar

En la cima! by Alejandro Juárez on Flickr (CC-BY)

Northern LEAD Logistics Research Centre

Founded by: Chalmers University of Technology

University of Gothenburg Logistics and Transport Society LTS

Tomorrow’s logistics. We are finding the answers.

Around 70 researchersResearch centre for sustainable logistics

solutionsFive core research

groups Organises, facilitates, disseminates highly

relevant logistics researchCollaboration between

Chalmers and University of Gothenburg

Physical Distribution

Production Logistics

Industrial marketing & purchasing

Logistics & Transport

Optimization

Professors 10 Visiting Professors 6 Associate Professors 5 Post docs 6 Faculty 14 PhD students 32 Total 73

Five core research groups

Thought leadership through

high quality research and

innovation

Challenges and trends

Outcomes for policy and business

Volatility and risk

Demographic changes

Complexity and structural flexibility

Resource limitations

Manufacturing and retail revolution

Environmental impact

Focused areas

Urban Transport

Long Distance Transport

Purchasing of transport

Logistics and Production Networks

Information, planning and

control

Measurements and measuring

Service development in

networks

Resource utilisation

Intermodality

Per Olof Arnäs

The Transportindustry

3 things:

Carbon-free transport by Stéfan on Flickr

…physical

3d boxes by crystaljingsr on Flickr

Technology Management and Economics Logis4kcs and Transporta4onCC-‐BY Per Olof Arnäs

…public

Traffic Jam by Giorgio Minguzzi on Flickr

Technology Management and Economics Logis4kcs and Transporta4onCC-‐BY Per Olof Arnäs

…analogue

542 miles by Jason on Flickr

Per Olof Arnäs Stage Coach Wheel by arbyreed on Flickr

Development of transportation technology has been

fairly linear

…for the last 5500 years

We are in the middle of a gigantic exponential development curve

beginning

A new global eco system where new types of, knowledge based, industries

compete with traditional ones

http://bryce.vc/post/18404303850/the-problem-with-innovation

Startups don’t compete with airlines...

by purchasing a bunch of planeshiring a bunch of pilots

and locking up a bunch of terminals at airports.

Miniature Airport by disparkys on Flickr


Startups compete with airlines by

inventing videoconferencing.


Startups don’t compete with airlines...

Miniature Airport by disparkys on Flickr (CC-BY,SA)

by purchasing a bunch of planeshiring a bunch of pilots

and locking up a bunch of terminals at airports.


RESOURCE UTILISATION LOW

Safety imbalance Variation in resource demand

Chain imbalance Caused by the chain

Technological imbalance E.g. mismatch in equipment

Operational imbalance Goods and resource flow not compatible

Structural imbalance Uneven transport demand

Safety imbalance Variation in resource demand

Chain imbalance Caused by the chain

Technological imbalance E.g. mismatch in equipment

Operational imbalance Goods and resource flow not compatible

Structural imbalance Uneven transport demand

Several of these imbalances can be

reduced by reducing uncertainties

In S

ea

rch

Of

Lo

st T

ime

by

bo

ge

nfr

eu

nd

on

Flic

kr

But the biggest problem in transportation is time.

There is not enough of it.

Ever.

The transport industry does not like real-time

decisions.

At all.DSC_9073.jpg by James England on Flickr (CC-BY)

The transport industry does not like real-time

decisions.

At all.

Batch-handlingZip codes

Zones

Time-tables

DSC_9073.jpg by James England on Flickr (CC-BY)

Image: Alain Delorme, alaindelorme.com

The current model is focused on economy of

scale and standardization

Image: Alain Delorme, alaindelorme.com

The current model is focused on economy of

scale and standardization

The current paradigm

So…

What are we doing about

all this?

http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2575515Source: Gartner August 2013

Augmenting humans with technology

Machines replacing humans

Humans and machines working

alongside each other

Machines better

understanding humans and

the environment

Humans better understanding

machines

Machines and humans

becoming smarter

Gartners Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies

http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2575515Source: Gartner August 2013


http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2575515

?

Source: Gartner August 2013


Transportation/logistics?

Opportunities

Digitization Increasing goods volumes

New technology

Political

interest

Quad Aces by fitzsean on Flickr

ICT MaturityApp

"Multi-Touch" by DaveLawler on Flickr (CC-BY)

smile! by Judy van der Velden (CC-BY,NC,SA)

Speculative shipping

http://www.scdigest.com/ontarget/14-01-21-1.php?cid=7767




Package item(s) as a package for eventual shipment to a delivery address

Associate unique ID with package

Select destination geographic area for package

Ship package to selected distribution geographic area without completely

specifying delivery address

Orders satisfied by item(s)

received?

Package redirected?Determine package location

Convey delivery address, package ID to delivery location

Assign delivery address to package

Deliver package to delivery address

Convey indication of new destination geographic area and package ID to

current location

Yes

Yes

No

No




Package item(s) as a package for eventual shipment to a delivery address

Associate unique ID with package

Select destination geographic area for package

Ship package to selected distribution geographic area without completely

specifying delivery address

Orders satisfied by item(s)

received?

Package redirected?Determine package location

Convey delivery address, package ID to delivery location

Assign delivery address to package

Deliver package to delivery address

Convey indication of new destination geographic area and package ID to

current location

Yes

Yes

No

No


Strategic Tactical Operational Predictive

Time horizons

We are approaching this boundary

…and we are starting to move past it!

Real-time!

Digitization frontsGoods Vehicle

Business process

Infra-structure

Goods Vehicle

Business process

Infra-structure

Barcodes RFID

Sensors

ERP systems TMS systems

E-invoices Cloudbased

services

Order handling Driver support Vehicle economics

RDS-TMC Road taxes Active traffic support

Digitization fronts


Business processes

Infra- structure

Paper based Phone

Papers

Road signsAnalogue

tools

RDS

Monitor fuel

cosnumption

Digitization version 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

E-m

ail

Fax

TMS

-

systems

Excel

Route planning

GPS for n

avigatio

n

Electro

nically

genera

ted

freig

ht docum

ents

Barcodes

RFI

D-t

ags

Simple order handling

Advanced order handling

Open interface

Web based U

I

Platform

based

systems

Hardw

are-

oriented

Data collection

systems

(prop

rietary)

Com

munication

with vehicles

E-invoice

Web based

bookingRoute

optimisation

Th

e so

cia

l web

Open connectivity

Integrated

prognosis

Data collection

systems (open)

Tolling

systems

Webservices

with traffic data

Dyn

amic

ro

utin

g sy

stem

s

Pe

rform

an

ce

Ba

sed

ac

ce

ss

Pe

rfo

rma

nc

e

Ba

sed

ac

ce

ss

Mas

hups

Mul

tiple

dat

a so

urce

s

Pro

be

dat

a

Individual

routin

g

inform

ation

Platooning

PlatooningExceptions handling

Sm

art g

ood

s

Manual

Computers

Software

Functions

Dis

trib

uted

deci

sion

m

akin

g

Goods as bi-

directio

nal

hyperlink

Paper based

CC-BY Per Olof Arnäs, Chalmers

Goods Vehicle

Goods

Vehicles

Business processes

Infrastructure

Stra-tegic

Tac-tical

Opera-tional

Pre-dictiveWhat happens

when access to real-time data increases?

not quite clear on the concept by woodleywonderworks on Flickr (CC-BY)

The Action of New York City by Trey Ratcliff on Flickr (CC-BY,NC,SA)

Need for speed

The Action of New York City by Trey Ratcliff on Flickr (CC-BY,NC,SA)

Need for speed

Data collection

Data processing Data

exploitation

CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS En la cima! by Alejandro Juárez on Flickr (CC-BY)

3 mountaintops to climb…


Fixed Historical

3 data types

Mountaintop #1

Collection of data in real-time

Snapshot


5 data domains

Vehicle CargoDriver CompanyInfrastructure/

facility

at leas

t…

Mountaintop #1

Collection of data in real-time

Length Weight WidthHeight

Capacity + other PBS-criteria

EmissionsFuel consumption

Route

Position Speed

Direction

Weight Origin

Destination Accepted ETA

Temperature + other state variables

Temperature + other state variables

Education/training

Speed (ISA) Rest/break schedule

Traffic behaviour Belt usage

Alco lock history

Schedule status (time to next break etc.)

Contracts/ agreements Previous interactions Backoffice support

Fixed Historical Snapshot

Vehicle

Cargo

Driver

Company

Infrastructure/facility

Map + fixed data layers Traffic history

Current traffic Queue

Availability

DATA MATRIX


Mountaintop #2

Processing of data in real-time

Locals and Tourists #1 (GTWA #2): London by Eric Fischer on Flickr


Mountaintop #2

Processing of data in real-time


Mountaintop #3

Exploiting data in real-time

Connected. 362/365 by AndYaDontStop on Flickr (CC-BY)

Lisa for I/O Keynote by Max Braun on Flickr (CC-BY)

Fulham-Manchester United 24-02-2007 by

vuhlser on Flickr (CC-BY)


Mountaintop #3

Exploiting data in real-time

Boeing-KC-97 Stratotanker by x-ray delta one on Flickr (CC-BY)

CASES (MANY)

CASES (MANY MORE)

Challenges

The Challenger by Martín Vinacur on Flickr (CC-BY)

Company

Difficulties increase with scale


Company

Supply chain, simple


Company


Supply chain, complex


Company


Supply chain, complex

Eco system



Not all ideas age with grace


Someone must do the work


Not everyone will want to adopt new things…


UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN FREIGHT TRANSPORTCLIMBING THE THREE MOUNTAINTOPS OF REAL-TIME DATA

Per Olof Arnäs Chalmers University of Technology @Dr_PO [email protected] about.me/perolofarnas Slides: slideshare.net/poar

En la cima! by Alejandro Juárez on Flickr (CC-BY)

Unsolved problems in freight transport - climbing the three mountaintops of real-time data

Technology

transport logistics

flickr cc

transport industry

freight transport

humans humans

chain technological

technology machines

tomorrows logistics