Unraveling the Shift to the Entrepreneurial Economy Erik Stam In collaboration with Roy Thurik & David Audretsch
Unraveling the shift to the entrepreneurial economy
Feb 07, 2017
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Unraveling the Shift to the
Entrepreneurial Economy
Erik Stam
In collaboration with Roy Thurik & David Audretsch
Unraveling the Shift to the
Entrepreneurial Economy
Self-employment rates, 1890-1970
Sources: Steinmetz & Wright 1989; Wennekers 2006
0,00
0,05
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
0,30
0,35
0,40
1890 1910 1930 1950 1970
Netherlands
Germany
US
Self-employment rates, 1970-2009
Source: EIM Compendia
0,06
0,07
0,08
0,09
0,10
0,11
0,12
0,13
0,14
0,15
0,16
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Germany
Netherlands
USA
Unraveling the Shift to the
Entrepreneurial Economy
A few disclaimers …to be discussed afterwards
• Entrepreneurship is a fuzzy concept, with
many empirical indicators, of which self-
employment is the least worst, and
available for the longest period
• Entrepreneurship is related to economic
growth in multiple ways
7
ICT demise of the communist system
globalizationnew competition
for multinationals
outsourcing
and offshoring
knowledge
production
knowledge filter
prosperity
4
6
7
73
88
6
46
5
43
4
entrepreneurship
8
From the (privately/publicly) managed economy
to the entrepreneurial economy
7
ICT demise of the communist system
globalizationnew competition
for multinationals
outsourcing
and offshoring
knowledge
production
knowledge filter
prosperity
4
6
7
73
88
6
46
5
43
4
entrepreneurship
8
From the (privately/publicly) managed economy
to the entrepreneurial economy
7
ICT demise of the communist system
globalizationnew competition
for multinationals
outsourcing
and offshoring
knowledge
production
knowledge filter
prosperity
4
6
7
73
88
6
46
5
43
4
entrepreneurship
8
From the (privately/publicly) managed economy
to the entrepreneurial economy
7
ICT demise of the communist system
globalizationnew competition
for multinationals
outsourcing
and offshoring
knowledge
production
knowledge filter
prosperity
4
6
7
73
88
6
46
5
43
4
entrepreneurship
8
From the (privately/publicly) managed economy
to the entrepreneurial economy
7
ICT demise of the communist system
globalizationnew competition
for multinationals
outsourcing
and offshoring
knowledge
production
knowledge filter
prosperity
4
6
7
73
88
6
46
5
43
4
entrepreneurship
8
From the (privately/publicly) managed economy
to the entrepreneurial economy
7
ICT demise of the communist system
globalizationnew competition
for multinationals
outsourcing
and offshoring
knowledge
production
knowledge filter
prosperity
4
6
7
73
88
6
46
5
43
4
entrepreneurship
8
From the (privately/publicly) managed economy
to the entrepreneurial economy
7
ICT demise of the communist system
globalizationnew competition
for multinationals
outsourcing
and offshoring
knowledge
production
knowledge filter
prosperity
4
6
7
73
88
6
46
5
43
4
entrepreneurship
8
From the (privately/publicly) managed economy
to the entrepreneurial economy
Entrepreneurship policy
• Traditional interpretation of entrepreneurship policy:
policy for SMEs, self-employed and new firms
• New interpretation of entrepreneurship policy: aim is not
to stimulate some form of firms (SMEs, self-employed,
new firms) but to focus on individuals and to support an
economic system that encourages socially productive
entrepreneurial activity - independent of business form
(policy consistent with an entrepreneurial economy).
Unraveling the Shift to the
Entrepreneurial Economy
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