1 Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12 th January 2010 Douglas-Westwood Limited Unmanned vehicles for shallow and coastal waters To the Devon & Cornwall joint branch of IMarEST & RINA, the south- west branch of the Hydrographic Society, and the University of Plymouth Marine Science Society Paul Newman 12 th January 2010 Source: Ocean Server Offshore industry consultant & trainer
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1Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
Douglas-Westwood Limited
Unmanned vehicles for shallow and coastal waters
To the Devon & Cornwall joint branch of IMarEST
& RINA, the south-
west branch of the Hydrographic Society, and the University of
Plymouth Marine Science Society
Paul Newman
12th
January 2010
Source: Ocean Server
Offshore industry consultant & trainer
2Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
Introduction
Further developments and conclusions
AUVGliders
AUV and USV for shallow water USV
Source: Maribotics
3Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
An independent employee-owned company with 20 staff and a number of specialist consultants
•
Company background in underwater technology (ROV and Sonar)•
Leading provider of business research & analysis, strategy and commercial due diligence on the global energy services sectors.
•
Offices in Canterbury, Aberdeen, New York and Singapore•
Have completed
more than 600
projects and provided products &
services to 400 clients in 60 countries.•
Client list includes government agencies, energy majors and their suppliers, investment banks & private equity firms.
•
Provide advisory, research, publication and transaction services, and our activities span a very wide range of topics related to the energy sector and associated technology
4Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
Offshore surveyor and support engineer for Svitzer, Thales
Geo- Solutions and Concept Systems
•
Co-authored a number of major published reports for Douglas Westwood on various aspects of subsea and unmanned technology
•
Involved in a number of due diligence, pre-investment studies and company consultations involving: ROV, AUV, Radar, visualisation software, marine renewable energy (wave and tidal energy), ocean
observation systems, and many aspects of sonar systems and technology
6Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
Introduction
7Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
IntroductionIntroduction
•
Unmanned vehicles are now used for a variety of missions in the marine environment, either as an alternative to a manned vessel,
or as
a “force multiplier”
for existing vessels or research campaigns.
•
Drivers for use of unmanned vehicles and systems include: Vessel time is expensive and hard to come byLong-duration measurements and observations desiredAcceptance/growing maturity of unmanned technologyRemove personnel from risk
•
This presentation hopes to introduce these vehicles to a wider audience, and to stimulate interest in the development and application of robotic vehicles for the academic, research, survey and technology communities.
8Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
Issues in shallow and coastal watersIssues in shallow and coastal waters
•
Issues regarding civilian, academic and commercial marine data collection include:
Vessel and crew cost/availabilityMobilisation and accessMetocean
conditions
•
Issues in the security and military sector include:Threats from mines (floating or buried)Threat to assets from IED on surface craft,Vessel and crew exposure during support for covert operationsModern submarines hard to detect
Could unmanned vehicles help?
9Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
Shallow and coastal applications for unmanned vehicles Shallow and coastal applications for unmanned vehicles
•
Bathymetric/Hydrographic surveyAs a sensor platformCollection of CTD data in support of surveys
•
Research -
collection of:Environmental/water quality data (pH, turbidity, temperature, salinity)Observations for oceanographic, meteorological, climatic, biological
and fisheries research
•
Security & Militaryvessels, ports and harbours, borders and boundariesmine countermeasures (MCM) anti-submarine warfare (ASW)Rapid environmental assessment (REA)
10Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
Adoption of AUV and USV technologiesAdoption of AUV and USV technologies
•
Hydrographic mapping (non Oil & Gas)Iver2 AUV for CTD support (Ocean Server for NOAA)USS 6300 USV (C&C Technologies for NOAA & ONR)Hugin
3000 (Fugro Pelagos
for US NAVOEANO)
SAMS (REMUS 6000) for US NAVOCEANO
•
Commercial Hydrography (inc. Oil & Gas)Hugin
1000, 3000 and 4500 (Fugro, C&C Technologies and DOF)
Bluefin
21 (Fugro)REMUS 100 (Fugro)Gavia
Offshore Surveyor (NCS Survey), 1 with Woodside
Marport
SQX-1 (Geodetic Offshore Services)
•
Military and ResearchAUV and gliders now very numerous, early days for USV
11Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
16Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
AUV navigation and positioningAUV navigation and positioning
•
Dead-reckoning (range and bearing)Very basic and very cheap: GPS, compass and speed sensors. May be all that is required for some applications.
•
Doppler velocity logs (DVL)Provide speed and direction relative to seabed or to a vessel hull, or underside of ice, plus altitude using the Doppler shift between emitted and reflected acoustic beams.
•
Inertial navigation systems (INS)Contain gyro-compass and accelerometers to produce rates of rotation and acceleration in three axes
27Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
Hybrid AUV/ROV Hybrid AUV/ROV ––
Saab Double Eagle SAROVSaab Double Eagle SAROV
•
SAROV package converts from MCM ROV to MCM and REA AUV. Includes battery pack, navigation, communication and underwater
docking functions
28Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
BAE Systems TalismanBAE Systems Talisman
•
Talisman M AUVfor MCM, survey and REAdiesel-electric variantcan loiter on seabedcarbon fibre “stealth”
hull
•
Talisman L AUVfor MCM identificationhosted from Talisman M or from shore
Archerfish EMDVhosted from Talisman M or helicopter
29Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
•
On May 31, 2009, the WHOI Nereus dove to 10,902 meters in the western Pacific Ocean’s Mariana Trench. In ROV mode, the vehicle is controlled via a 40km long, neutrally buoyant FO umbilical, and onboard batteries power its manipulator.
Hybrid AUV/ROV Hybrid AUV/ROV ––
WHOI WHOI NereusNereus
30Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
Launch and recovery for large AUV...Launch and recovery for large AUV...
•
L&R systems for large AUV can be complex and take up deck space,or can utilise conventional ships cranes.
45Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
•
USV can be fitted with a automated, battery powered winch for CTD or other profiling.
•
This was tested on a Maribotics
Scout USV (converted kayak)
Research Profiling from USVResearch Profiling from USV
46Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
•
The first USV in service as a survey vehicle •
Unmanned semi-submersible 6300 (USS 6300) by Autonomous Surface Vehicles (UK) for C&C Technologies (USA)
•
Currently under trials. •
Endurance (using diesel) is 96 hours at a survey speed of 4 knots (in sea state 4) which equates to ≈700 line km.
•
300kg of sensors can be carried.
Survey USVSurvey USV
USS 6300 equipment spread:
C-Nav
Global DGPSCoda Octopus F180 INSReal time surface sound velocityReson 7125 or Kongsberg 3002 SBSEdgeTech
2200 MPX SSS(300/600kHz)Altimeters (downward and upward)Real time intelligent navigation and processing payloadReal time video camera with infra-red night operationHigh speed radio telemetry data link
48Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
USV and AUV for shallow water operations
49Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
Depends on the task and the situation
•
Military and security applications greatly favour USV: RIB-style USV as a remote investigator or for “overwatch”Semi-submersible USV for REA, MCM and ASW
•
Research using USV has great potential:USV can relay data to shore in real-timeBe used for routine, repeated data gathering
•
USV based hydrography offers:force multiplication with only minimal personnel same sensors as for a manned survey launchsemi-submersible USV very stable
Suitable USV in shallow water Suitable USV in shallow water
50Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
Again -
depends on the task and the situation
•
Military applications: Small and medium AUV for MCM survey and identificationMedium AUV for REA work from vessels or submarines
•
Research and environmental monitoring:Small AUV with good sensors but low-specification positioning Data can be collected from areas otherwise out of bounds Small and medium AUV widely used as research platformsTwin-hull AUV optimal for video and camera work
•
Hydrography requires:Only sensible with medium AUV with high specification positioning and integrated sensorsPossibly small AUV for dredging estimates?
Suitable AUV in shallow water Suitable AUV in shallow water
51Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
Future developments and conclusions
52Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
•
There are a number of development areas in the AUV world including:Autonomy for inspection (deepwater Oil & Gas)Intervention capability and hybrid AUV/ROV (deepwater Oil & Gas)Adoption of AUV for hydrographic work (shallow and coastal)Pipeline and cable following (all depths)Swarming and collaboration between multiple vehiclesImproving underwater communications -
Underwater radio
•
USV development work is harder to identify but include:Ongoing trials of the USS 6300 for hydrographic workCOLREGS-level autonomyUSV for security and MCM dutiesWind and solar powered USV.....
Future developmentsFuture developments
53Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
•
No solution fits all situations and requirements•
Small, low-cost AUV have limitations, but they offer many users the opportunity to gather data safely and effectively
•
Medium-sized AUV offer many of the benefits of larger vehicles•
Modular AUV decrease turn-around time
•
Semi-submersible USV offer high levels of stability and large sensor payloads, with application in the survey, MCM and ASW sectors.
•
RIB-style USV offer a range of safety benefits for military and security operations, and increase the effective command and control radius of vessels and installations.
•
There are many AUV that have made the transition from academic to commercial survey success but the field is still wide open for USV
ConclusionsConclusions
54Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
•
There are a number of international competitions to stimulate development of unmanned vehicles
•
Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (www.auvsi.org)Running since 1990 –
next June 2010 in USA
2009 event included teams from Japan, Korea, India and USA
•
Student Autonomous Underwater Challenge –
Europe (www.nurc.nato/events/sauce10/)Running since 2006 –
and World Robotic Sailing Championships2010 event in Canada (www.sailbot.ca/) includes both events2009 entrants included University of Wales (Aberystwyth)
CompetitionsCompetitions
55Unmanned Vehicles for shallow and coastal waters 12th January 2010
Douglas-Westwood LimitedSt Andrew's House, Station Road East, Canterbury, CT1 2WD,