UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE

UAVs are capable of operating without an internal

pilot; are tethered by a radio control link; and can be

preprogrammed for both flight and payload operations

prior to launch.

a UAV is being capable of controlled, sustained

level flight and powered by a jet or reciprocating

engine.

In addition, a cruise missile can be considered to be

a UAV, but is treated separately on the basis that the

vehicle is the weapon.

What is UAV?

FIXED WING

HELICOPTER

QUADROTER

1923First radio controlled flight.

1944First use of a cruise missile in combat(Fieseler Fi

103)

1946First UAV used in the science research role(Northr

op QP-61)

1959First UAV used in the reconnaissance role

1998 First trans-Atlantic crossing by an unmanned

aircraft (Insitu Aerosonde)

-2001First trans-Pacific crossing by an unmanned

aircraft (Global Hawk)

DE PALMA: He has developed The Kettering Aerial Torpedo, later called the “Kettering Bug,” was a small biplane with 4-cylinder engine and guided by gyroscopes, a barometer, and a mechanical “computer.”

British-born actor Reginald

Denny, who had served in the

Royal Flying Corps during

World War I, developed a

fascination with radio-

controlled aircraft in the

1930s. He and his partners

formed the Radio plane

Company and created the

“Radio plane OQ-2,” the first

mass-produced UAV, at their

southern California-based

facility.

Fu-Go Balloons

The first truly intercontinental weapon system, Japan's “Fu-Go” balloons were designed to cause widespread forest fires and damage to America during World War II.

The hydrogen-filled balloons measured 30 feet in diameter.

Each carried a payload of 32 paper sandbags, two incendiary devices, one small bomb, and an altitude regulation mechanism.

The best-known unmanned vehicle of World

War II was the German Fiesole Fi 103.

It also called the V-1 “Buzz Bomb” (“V-1” stood

for Vergeltungs waffe Eins, or “vengeance

weapon one”).

The V-1 was powered by a pulsejet engine that

made a distinctive buzz.

It carried a 2,000-pound warhead approximately

150 miles, and had a sophisticated guidance

system consisting of gyroscopes, barometers,

and an anemometer, which was used to calculate

distance flown.

The Germans launched roughly 20,000 V-1s at

Allied targets, primarily in London and Antwerp,

Belgium.

A second-generation turbojet-powered Fire bee, built

by Ryan Aeronautical Company and developed from a

target drone initially developed for the U.S. Air Force,

led to the AQM-34, which ushered in modern

unmanned reconnaissance aircraft. From the mid-

1960s to the mid-1970s, the AQM-34 flew tens of

thousands of missions over North Vietnam, parts of

China, and even the Soviet Union, obviating the risk

posed by manned reconnaissance flights.

The RQ-1 Predator, probably the best-known modern

UAV, made its first test flight in 1994. Produced by

General Atomics Aeronautical Systems—based on a

design by Abraham Karem, a former engineering officer

for the Israeli Air Force—it was designed for “long loiter”

reconnaissance work. The RQ-1 has evolved, and today

its variants patrol the U.S.-Mexico border, collect air

samples for scientific research, and unleash Hellfire air-to-

ground missiles on military targets.

Soaring even higher than the

Predator—which the military

considers a medium altitude UAV—

the Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global

Hawk is a high-altitude, long

endurance aircraft with performance

and sensor capabilities so impressive

it’s scary. Born out of a 1995 DARPA

(Defense Advanced Research

Projects Agency) request, the Global

Hawk can fly more than 32 hours at a

stretch and loiter at altitudes as high

as 65,000 feet, with a suite of sensors

that can see through clouds, dense

fog, haze, and dust storms.

In 2007, an Aerosonde UAV took off

from the NASA Wallops Flight Facility in

Virginia and headed into Hurricane Noel,

a Category 1 storm churning up the

eastern coast of the United States.

During its 17 hour, 27 minute flight into

Noel, the Aerosonde flew as low as 300

feet above sea level, far lower than a

piloted airplane would dare travel inside a

hurricane eye wall.

Other non-military UAV uses include

crop monitoring, search and rescue, fire

spotting, mineral exploration, aerial

photography and ground mapping.

Target and decoy - providing ground and aerial

gunnery a target that simulates an enemy aircraft or

missile

Reconnaissance - providing battlefield intelligence

Combat - providing attack capability for high-risk

missions .

Research and development - used to further

develop UAV technologies to be integrated into field

deployed UAV aircraft

Civil and Commercial UAVs - UAVs specifically

designed for civil and commercial applications.

TYPES OF UAV’S

A UAV is not just the vehicle that flies. An

unmanned Aircraft or Aerial system/vehicle can

be divided into three brief element

The vehicle or platform

The Payload

The Ground control station

The vehicle is the Actual air frame and the means

to load the payload to its optimal position. The

propulsion system has to be tailored according to

the mission. The Flight control system ensures the

UAV Follows the pre-programmed or Ground

Control station.

The Airframe

The propulsion system

The flight control computer or system

The precision navigation system

The purpose of a UAV is deliver or collect data usually in a

dull , dirty or dangerous environment. The payload is the

most important element of the whole UAV as this

determines the payback. The vehicle itself does not deliver

the message or the data : it merely gets the payload to the

best location.

Electro-optical sensing system and scanners

Infra-red system

Radars

Munitions

A GROUND CONTROL STATION is a land or sea based

control centre that provides the facilities of controlling the

unmanned vehicles or rockets in the air or in space. And for

this, the CGS must have secure communication system

and air traffic management infrastructure.

An avionics flight Data processing.

Navigation system

System Health monitoring.

Graphical images and position mapping.

Secure communications system.

Firefighting

Police Disturbances (crime scenes, etc)

Reconnaissance Support in natural disasters i.e., hurricanes, mudslides

Surveillance (in war zones)

UAS systems often preferred for missions that are too ´dull, dirty or dangerousµ for manned aircraft

DRDO AURA

DRDO NISHANT

DRDO NETRA

DRDO RUSTOM

LAKSHYA PTA

GUNGA UAV HAL

ULKA

FLUFFY

PAWAN UAV

KAPOTHAKA

Range: less than 10

km

Altitude:250 m.

Endurance: 1 hour.

Max. take off

weight: Less than 5

kg.

Example: Wasp 3

Range: less than 10

km.

Altitude:150-300m.

Endurance: 1-2

hour.

Max. take off weight:

Less than 30kg

Example: Raven

Range: 70-200 km

Altitude:5000 m.

Endurance: 6-10

hour.

Max. take off weight:

1250 kg.

Example: SKY

SPIRIT

Range: less than 500 km

Altitude:1400m.

Endurance: 24-48hour.

Max. take off weight: 1500 kg.

Example: PREDATOR

Range: less than 2000

km

Altitude:20000 m.

Endurance: 24-48 hour.

Max. take off weight:

12000 kg

Example: GLOBAL

HAWK

They can perform an increasingly

sophisticated array of missions due to their

small size and decreased radar, acoustical,

and infrared signatures.

Maximum flight hours 30+

3000lb fuel capacity

Fly above 52,000ft

Operate at night

Above Smoke

With a continuing trend of miniaturization

in electronics another components, the

RPV can be made much smaller and

cheaper

HOW UAV IS BETTER THAN OTHER METHOD?

They can perform an increasingly sophisticated

array of missions due to their small size and

decreased radar, acoustical, and infrared

signatures.

Maximum flight hours 30+

3000lb fuel capacity

Fly above 52,000ft

Operate at night

With a continuing trend of miniaturization in

electronics another components, the RPV can be

made much smaller and cheaper

Does not contain ,or need a pilot on board.

Can enter environments that are dangerous to human life.

Reduces the exposure risk of the aircraft operator.

Can stay in the air for performing a precise, repetitive raster

can of a region, day-after-day, night-after-night in completed

darkness or in fog, under computer control: performing a

geological survey, performing visual or thermal imaging of any

region.

Can be programmed to complete the mission autonomously

even when contact with its GCS is lost.

Inexpensive to manned aircrafts.

Need for large band width

communications..

Vulnerability to jamming.

Low survivability in military

operation.

CONCLUSSION

UAV Systems are newcomers in

the Air Traffic

Developments made for UAV Systems

(automatic modes ,enhanced situation

awareness,...) might reciprocally be

beneficial to other civil aviation

applications.

THANK YOU