Unix

Comparing UNIX and Windows• Analysis that compares and contrasts a UNIX system, and Windows

2003 Advanced Server operating systems• Sun Solaris 9.0 and Windows 2003 Advanced Server • high-end, multi-processor based system hardware from HP in order

to level the differences between the operating systems

Market Shares 1997

Windows NTWindows NT 15051505 36.60%36.60%

NovellNovell 900900 21.89%21.89%

LinuxLinux 240240 5.84%5.84%

SolarisSolaris 100100 2.43%2.43%

SCOSCO 288288 7.00%7.00%

OtherOther 10791079 26.24%26.24%

TotalTotal 41124112 100%100%

OSOS UnitsUnits Market ShareMarket Share

Present Market Shares

• Windows now makes up 40% of the market, while Linux is now at 27%, and UNIX making up the remaining 33%.

HardwareHewlett Packard ProLiant DL760 G2 Intel® Xeon™ Processor MP at 2.80GHz/2MB, 4GB (4P Model)

Processor Eight Intel® Xeon™ MP 2.80GHz/ 2MB Processors

Memory16GB Addressable Memory (32x512MB + 8x512MB

Redundant Memory)

Hard Drives4 x 72.8 GB Pluggable Ultra320 SCSI 15,000 rpm Universal

Hard Drive (1")

Tape Drive AIT 35GB, LVD, Hot Plug

Storage Controller Integrated Smart Array 5i Controller (Ultra3 support)

Network Card Integrated Compaq NC7770 PCI-X Gigabit Server Adapter

Redundant Power Two (2) Redundant Hot Plug 1150W/500W Power Supplies

Redundant Fan Two (2) Redundant Hot Plug Fans

Server Management SmartStart, Insight Manager 7 & ROM-Based Setup Utility

Cost (Solaris 9)• Solaris 9, 5-8 CPU Capacity RTU License, Intel Platform Edition • Price: $12,000.00 retail.• $12,000 includes licenses for connection to internal networks,

external networks, and unlimited clients. Solaris is generally licensed per-CPU.

Cost (Windows 2003 Advanced Server)OS/Option Needed For Price

Windows 2003 server Enterprise / with 25 Client Access Licenses (CALs)

Base license for Server with 25 user connections.

3,999.00

20 additional Cal’s Additional 20 users 799.00

20 additional Terminal Server CALs 20 users with remote-terminal access licenses 749.00

External server 2003 connectors license Allows unlimited external (Internet) connections to server

1,999.00

External TS server 2003 connectors license Allows external (Internet) connections to Terminal Services

7,999.00

Total Cost 15,545

File System Comparison (Solaris)• Solaris UFS (UNIX File System) uses an i-node, a special file

type, which contains disk addresses for the first twelve blocks of a file, and three addresses for indirect blocks describing the rest of the file

File System Comparison (Solaris)

DiskAddress

1

DiskAddress

2

DiskAddress

3

DiskAddress

4

DataBlock

DataBlock

DataBlock

DiskAddress

5

IntermediateBlock1

IntermediateBlock2

DataBlock

DataBlock

DataBlock

IntermediateBlock3

DataBlock

DataBlock

DataBlock

IntermediateBlock4

DataBlock

DataBlock

DataBlock

I-Node

Solaris 9 UFS Structure• UFS does not pre-allocate blocks; instead, blocks are added to

the file when a write occurs. • Solaris UFS is a 64-bit addressing file system with a maximum

file size of one terabyte • contains additional functionality for UFS• UFS Logging • Concurrent Direct IO

Solaris 9 UFS Structure• Solaris Volume Manager• Soft Disk Partition• UFS Snapshot

NTFS

• evolved from the older HPFS (High Performance File System) • uses a master file table (MFT):

NTFS• Directory records are saved in the MFT just like file records • space on the drive is broken down into logical blocks • uses journaling to handle transactions • allows for compression of both drives and individual files

Operating EnvironmentBatch VS Script • Both Windows and UNIX rely on the concept of a user

execution environment, or “shell,” • Batch files are generally considered to be simple, short

programs that perform a task and then return control to the operating system.

• Scripting is more sophisticated and a bit longer than batch files

• Scripts can and are used to write complete programs

Operating EnvironmentBatch VS Script• scripts relies on other programs or scripts being available at

specific places within the system in UNIX

Application Software

• far more software available to the Microsoft market • most major software vendors offer software available for both

systems• Corel Office products and graphic design software • Oracle is the most common database that is implemented across

both platforms • Crystal Reports • Norton (Symantec)

Application Software• More difficult to install and run application on UNIX• Windows application installations are generally entirely

automated and very little input from the user is required. UNIX, on the other hand, requires more input from the user to install properly. • a program that's compiled to run on a specific platform

and operating system cannot run on other ones • UNIX programs are distributed as source code, not as

binaries, so you can compile them for your particular system when installing • Windows applications can run on most Windows

operating systems

Migration from UNIX to Windows

• UWIN allows UNIX applications to run on Windows• Porting is the process of taking Windows source code and

using a product, such as Visual MainWin plug-ins and converting to the specific UNIX Server, such as Solaris, and on to the Native Binary code.

Conclusion• We illustrated fundamental contrast and comparison of the

two systems• Market Shares, Costs, Hardware, File Systems, Operating

Environment, and Application differences• Whether a person prefers one system to the other, this

presentation has showed that both are viable solutions for many different situations