Erscheinungsort/Verlagspostamt: A–3100 St. Pölten. P.b.b., zum ermäßigten Entgelt„GZ 02Z030834 M WWW.UNIVERSUM.CO.AT BURGENLAND NATURE FOR EXPLORERS SPECIAL GIFTS OF HEAVEN Burgenland’s Nature NATURAL DIVERSITY Nature Parks and National Park IN LOFTY HEIGHTS Birdwatching in Eastern Austria WWW.UNIVERSUM.CO.AT 2/2011
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BURGENLANDNature for explorers
SPEcIAL
Gifts of HEAvENBurgenland’s Nature
NAtURAL DivERsityNature parks and National park
iN Lofty HEiGHtsBirdwatching in eastern austria
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HEAVEN GIFTS OF
A VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY BY OLIVER LEHMANN
BuRGENLAND | Gifts of Heaven
2 UniversUm S Special Edition
HEAVEN GIFTS OF
The Austrian province of Burgenland possesses a spectacular natural gem in the form of Lake Neusiedl –
which is also UNESCO World Heritage. But it’s well worth looking beyond the obvious: the province’s climate,
culture and landscape merge to create a unique regional mosaic, offering a wealth of opportunities
for excitement as well as rest and relaxation.
A VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY BY OLIVER LEHMANN
Special Edition s UniversUm 3
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T here’s no lack of birds in Bur-genland in general and cer-tainly not in the Seewinkel in particular, the area of Austria
lying to the east of Lake Neusiedl. But the bird peering across the reeds from the observation tower in the Sandeck-Neudegg Conservation Zone on this sunny but cool March day was a rare one, although not in the literal sense.
Nick Barton is one of the world’s leading evolutionary biologists. Since August 2008 he has been a professor at the Institute of Science and Tech-nology Austria, a leading institute for basic scientific research. In Februa-ry 2009 he became the recipient of the Darwin-Wallace Medal, quasi the Nobel Prize of evolutionary biology. Barton was being shown around the conserva tion zone by national-park expert Alois Lang, and from their vantage point at the top of a tower, he was enthusiastic about what he saw: “The National Park Lake Neusiedl-Seewinkel is truly a natural gem in the heart of Europe. This location, where migratory routes intersect, offers unique opportunities for ob-serving an astonishing number of bird species.”
A Real Gem Lake Neusiedl is indeed one of Burgenland’s crown jewels. With its belt of reeds, saline ponds and swam-py meadows it provides a habitat to some 300 species of birds. Central Europe’s largest steppe lake lies bet-ween the easternmost foothills of the Alps and the western edge of the Ki-salföld (Small Hungarian Plain), with the national boundary between Aus-tria and Hungary cutting across it. Lake Neusiedl is a border region in a biological sense as well, with elements of various landforms and regions: Al-pine, Pannonian, Asian, Mediterrane-an and Nordic influences are evident, as is a high degree of biodiversity.
The hydrologic balance of Lake Neusiedl and the surrounding area is determined for the most part by na-tural precipitation and evaporation.
4 UniversUm S Special Edition
BuRGENLAND | Geschenke des Himmels
The lake is not fed by any significant tributaries, and over the centuries the varying water levels have played an important role in the lives of the local popula tion. At around 1120 square kilometres, the catchment area of the lake is very small compared to its sur-face. More than 80% of the water in today’s lake, with its surface area of 320 square kilometres, comes from precipitation. Lake Neusiedl’s depen-dence on precipitation has led to great fluctuation in both depth and surface area, and this is particularly obvious in extremely “wet” or “dry” years. Within a single annual cycle, the level of the lake can vary by as much as 60 cm. When the losses of the previ-ous summer have been replaced by winter rain and snow, the first spring rains can lead to flooding. If there is a lack of winter precipitation, however,
the level of Lake Neusiedl can be re-latively low in springtime.
Framed by Reeds Apart from the Danube delta, where the reeds are even more extensive, the belt of tall grasses around Lake Neu-siedl is the largest contiguous occur-rence in Europe. It was not until the mid-19th century that they completely surrounded the lake. Today it is framed by some 178 square kilometres of reeds. The completion of the Einser Canal in 1895 led to a period of repeated low water, and the introduction of nutrients from agriculture and the surrounding villages has also boosted reed growth. Despite the predominance of a sing-le plant species, however, the belt of reeds is not at all monotonous. Canals and open water provide visual variety, and the reed growths vary in age and
thus also in structure and appearance. The slightly saline ponds typical of the Seewinkel area are also found in central Hungary but otherwise no where else in the European interior. Some forty-five ponds are found between the eastern shore of Lake Neusiedl and the Hanság in the south, and more than any other landscape element they lend the See- P
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A wEAlTH OF SpEcIESA wide variety of birds is found around
the year in the Lake Neusiedl-Seewinkel National Park.
FINE wINEBurgenland’s wines are fabulous, not
least because of the young, ambitious winegrowers who combine traditional
methods with modern know-how.
BuRGENLAND | Gifts of Heaven
Burgenland’s cuisine is in no way infe-rior to its wine, prepared as it is from an unbelievable wealth of natural pro-ducts. Where else could one find three thousand different varieties of tomato along with countless heirloom types of fruit? And when it comes to dome-stic animals the region is a veritable Noah’s Ark that includes Mangalitsa pigs and the Hungarian grey cattle that graze in the National Park. The zander, catfish, carp and pike from Lake Neusiedl are transformed into exceptional creations by the region’s wine taverns, country inns and gour-met restaurants. Just as Burgenland’s climate and landscape, culture and
which fosters health and wellbeing. The mild Pannonian climate, fine soils and skill of Burgenland’s wine growers have made Austria’s second-largest viticul-tural region the perfect example of a new winegrowing culture. Enthusiastic young winegrowers combine tradition, innovation and ultramod ern know-how in a masterly manner, and wines with an international reputation are the re-sult. The province’s sweet wines – whe-ther labelled Trockenbeerenauslese or Eiswein – are among the best in the world. And the quality of the wine is also reflected in the exciting, sometimes breathtaking architecture found on the wine estates.
winkel area its character. But the natu-ral beauty of the lake should not close our eyes to the enchantment the rest of the region holds in store, with its lands-cape of broad plains, gently rolling hills, expanses of forests and meadows, and almost never-ending vine yards. The protection of nature has long been a tradition in Burgenland. The internati-onal Lake Neusiedl-Seewinkel National Park is only the most striking example of the province’s nature reserves, which include six Nature Parks: Lake Neu-siedl-Leithagebirge, Rosalia-Kogelberg, Landseer Berge, Geschriebenstein-Írottkő, Wine Idyll and the tri-national Raab-Örség-Goričko Nature Park.
The Region’s Wine and FoodThen there is the prevailing climate: with some 300 days of sunshine per year Burgenland is also exceptional from a climatic point of view. This solar gift of the heavens promotes the growth of natural products of the highest quality, in particular wines with a glo-bal reputation. Other pleasures come from the ground beneath the soil: deep inside the earth lies Austria’s largest storehouse of warm and healing water,
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Burgenland offers the exceptionally beautiful landscapes of eastern-most Austria. The land stretching to the broad horizon is an invitation to observe and experience. Nature photography and bird-watching around Lake Neusiedl offer views of natural wonders that are found almost eve-rywhere you look. From the north of the province to the south, nature parks provide a multifaceted natural adventure. Everything found here is wonderfully authentic: the expanse of the land, the hospitality, the regional pleasures and the exceptionally pleasant climate. All of it makes this lovely bit of Austria a natural adventure for explorers. Jürgen Hatzenbichler | Editor-in-chief Universum Magazin
BuRGENLAND | Gifts of Heaven
to the unique Jogging & Walking Are-na with its 280 kilometres of walking and hiking paths as well as 138 kilo-metres of running trails.
From Sports to SpasAfter sports activities it’s time to re-lax, and the hot springs of Burgenland guarantee a sunny feeling at any time of year. Reiter’s Family Spa in Stegers-bach puts the thermal water to success-ful use in treating muscle tension and joint prob lems. “Let yourself be spoilt and enjoy it” might well be the mot-to in the traditional spa town of Bad Tatzmannsdorf, a paradise for those in search of peace and calm. The water from the thermal spring is charged with beneficial minerals, and the spa’s new Spannonia area is a Garden of Eden for water-lovers. The Lutzmannsburg-Frankenau spa is a family paradise, offering something even for the young-est children. The Bad Sauerbrunn spa specializes in holistic healing methods. “Discover relaxation” could be the slo-gan at St. Martin’s Spa & Lodge near Frauenkirchen. The complex is sur-rounded by an eight-hectare lake at the edge of the international Lake Neu-siedl-Seewinkel National Park. Visitors can expect not just the classic range of
the end of April and later in the year for the Summer Opening, which marks the beginning of the Pannonian summer.
With dozens of stables, riders’ inns and farmhouses plus a network of 1300 kilometres of marked trails, Burgenland is one of the biggest and most attractive equestrian regions in Austria. Horse-lovers will be pleased to know that GPS riding is available almost everywhere. Rail trolleys pro-vide a means of exploring the idyllic landscape of central Burgenland along a railway line that is no longer in ser-vice. In Bad Tatzmannsdorf runners and Nordic walkers can look forward
nature complement one another, cu-linary pleasures and physical activity also go hand in hand. While you may not find the excitement of the Tour de France, a network of cycle paths some 2500 kilometres long offers ample op-portunities for cycling. Golfers have four courses to choose from. They can play their game only a stroke away from Lake Neusiedl’s reed belt or in the enchant ing alluvial meadows near the rivers Feistritz and Lafnitz.
The constant winds of Lake Neu-siedl are thrilling for both sailors and surfers. The best of the latter get to-gether for the Windsurf World Cup at
THE HAydN HAll IN ESTErHázy pAlAcENamed for the famous composer, the Haydn Hall is
considered one of the world’s best.
The habitats of National Park Neusiedler See-Seewinkel include a shallow lake of the steppes, reed beds, salt lakes which periodically
dry out, small-surfaced sand dunes and the lowland moor of Hanság. From the beginning of March until the end of summer, the National
Park is a stepping stone for many migratory birds on their flight from northern Europe to Africa. Of the more than 300 proven species who put in a stopover here, about half of them breed here as well, inclu-
ding rarities which can be found nowhere else in Europe. Mario Baier | Burgenland Tourismus
BuRGENLAND | Gifts of Heaven
Special Edition s UniversUm 7
for a cheerful evening of entertainment in a fortress built on an extinct volcano.
Under the artistic direction of the piano duo Eduard and Johannes Kut-rowatz, the “klangfruehling” festival in Stadtschlaining offers musical high-lights every spring. And in southern Burgenland, the J:opera Jennersdorf opera festival stages exquisite produc-tions at Tabor Castle. The musical fes-tivals of Wiesen have become world-fa-mous for great names from the world of jazz, rock and pop. And in July and Au-gust the Fantastic Forchtenstein Castle Festival brings history alive with a wide range of “Medieval” activities in an an-cient fortress. There are also exhibitions at Halbturn Palace and Forchtenstein Castle. The Kittsee Summer Festival features performances of musicals, and there are many museums and galleries throughout the province offering a co-lourful kaleidoscope of cultural events.
But back to Lake Neusiedl. Biologist Nick Barton sums it up: “The thing that makes the Seewinkel such a special place is the combination of culture and nature in a centuries-old tradition. I am really looking forward to returning to this unique place.” It will be fascinating to hear what he thinks about the rest of Burgenland when he has had time to become acquainted with it. c
Haydn and Liszt, Austria’s sunniest province has lots of other music to offer as well. Mörbisch has become a mec-ca for classic operettas, which are per-formed every summer on a giant stage at the edge of Lake Neusiedl.
Living HistoryWithin sight of Lake Neusiedl, the Opera Festival of St. Margarethen awaits music-lovers. The huge open-air festival presents grandiose productions on a 7000-square-metre natural stage with the monumental sandstone walls of a Roman quarry as a backdrop.
An arcaded courtyard offers fine actors a stage at the Kobersdorf Castle Festival, which presents summer theatre in the best tradition. Güssing’s Cultural Summer provides other opportunities
wellness facilities and services but also outdoor adventure on a Jeep safari.
Burgenland’s attractions also inclu-de fine culture, of course. The com-poser Joseph Haydn lived and worked in Eisenstadt for almost forty years, making it an important musical centre. Haydn’s works can still be heard every year from May to October, played in their original locations by some of the world’s finest performers. Esterházy Palace’s magnificent Haydn Hall is considered to be one of finest in the world. Another genius of musical his-tory, Franz Liszt, is honoured at Raid-ing in central Burgenland. A beautiful concert hall has been built right next to the house where the piano virtu oso and composer was born and offers a spe-cial cycle of concerts. But apart from P
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SAFE IN THE SAddlEFrom horse to bike and back again
(above). Both are possible and highly recommended in Burgenland, and GPS is
also available for both.
HEAlING wATErRest and relaxation at one of
Burgendland’s many spas makes for a very pleasurable experience (r.).
IN LOFTY HEIGHTSThroughout the year the skies over Burgenland are filled with hundreds of species
of birds. In addition to the natural paradise around the Lake Neusiedl-Seewinkel National Park, other fascinating biotopes are waiting to be discovered.
A VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY BY OLIVER LEHMANN
W ith local names running the gamut from A to Z – from Aaskrähe (carrion crow) to Zwergtaucher
(little grebe) – some 300 species of birds live in the area around Lake Neusiedl, 150 of them locally breeding birds. They account for 40 per cent of all European bird species and 80 per cent of all those occurring in Austria. And while the rest of the country sees its birds for perhaps only a few moths a year, the skies over Burgenland are always busy. That’s because Burgen-land lies where the Atlantic, Mediter-ranean and continental climatic zones meet, thus bringing together birds from throughout the European con-tinent and beyond. It is thus not sur-prising that in recent years Austria’s easternmost province has become a meeting place for the international bird-watching community as well.
The focus of interest for birdwat-chers is the Lake Neusiedl-Seewinkel National Park and the areas that sur-round it. In the springtime, when the Alps are still lying under a generous blanket of snow, the fields around the lake are already bustling with activity. Some 35,000 white-fronted, bean and greylag geese live in the area from No-vember to February. Among the other winter visitors are crested larks, winter wrens, robins, blackbirds, fieldfares, great and blue tits, great grey shrikes, various members of the crow, jay and magpie family, house and tree spar-rows, goldfinches, grosbeaks, mallards,
curlews, great crested grebes, great white egrets and buzzards, along with great spotted and Syrian woodpeckers.
In February the first flocks of gee-se begin heading further north. Some of the greylag geese, however, remain, and at the end of the month they begin incubating their eggs. The first migrato-ry birds arrive, including the lapwings and redshanks. A short time later ducks such as shovellers, gadwells and teals appear, even as the goosanders and smews are leaving the area.
In March the male lapwings per-form their spectacular aerial courtship display. Competing for attention are the redshanks, ruffs, black-tailed god-wits, curlews and pied avocets. Golden and ringed plovers also appear, and the bustards as well begin performing their famous courtship display in the moor landscape of the Hanság.
In April birdwatchers will sight
short-eared owls and Montagu’s har-riers. Shore birds arrive and stay or set off again for other destinations. Among them are stilts, little ringed plo-vers, dunlins, snipes, whimbrels, spot-ted redshanks, greenshanks and wood sandpipers. Towards the end of the month most of the warblers, swallows and shrikes arrive, and nightingales and skylarks can be heard in song.
Things really start bustling in May. Large numbers of shore birds pass through, and by mid-month the colour-ful bee eaters have arrived from Africa to move back into their nest holes in the loess cliffs along the northern shore of Lake Neusiedl. In June the sounds of twittering and chirping change as the young offspring of stilts, avocets, ringed plovers, lapwings, godwits and reds-hanks cry insistently to be fed.
In July the action is focussed on the small lakes and ponds where water still
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EYE-CATCHINGThe colourful bee eaters begin nesting in mid-May. For birdwatchers (l.) in Burgenland, there is plenty to see throughout the year.
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ExpERIENCE | Birdwatching
LANDING APPROACHA great white egret lands at Lake
Neusiedl in its brooding plumage; with a dark beak and orange legs.
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Austria’s biggest population of nightjars – crepuscular hunters whose mouths are fringed with bizarre bristles they use for finding insects. Other inhabitants of the open flatlands in this richly structu-red cultivated landscape are corncrakes, Syrian woodpeckers, woodlarks, barred warblers and red-backed shrikes.
The Rosalia-Kogelberg Nature Park is home to Austria’s largest po-pulation of scops owls. The forests of Landseer Berge Nature Park are maintained in a natural state and offer ample room for a number of different woodpecker species. The Treetop Walk in Althodis within the international Geschriebenstein-Írottkő Nature Park
remains. When the water levels become generally low, birdwatchers will spot lar-ge gatherings of herons and spoonbills in the belt of reeds surrounding Lake Neusiedl. The first shore birds can be seen stocking up on energy supplies in preparation for their autumnal journey.
In August migratory birds such as storks and bee eaters begin gathering for their departure. Meanwhile, giant flocks of starlings fill the skies above the vineyards. In September the autumn migration really gets underway: avo-cets, little, great and golden ringed plo-vers, lapwings, sanderlings, little stints, dunlins, ruffs, snipes, curlews, spotted redshanks and wood sandpipers make their way to the Mediterranean Sea or continue on to Africa.
Winter Visitors ArriveStarting in October the habitats that have become free are occupied by gee-se and other winter visitors, including hen harriers, even as the last song-birds, such as house martins, wagtails, robins and shrikes, are departing. Until January there is an arriving stream of Nordic diurnal birds of prey such as rough-legged buzzards, hen harriers, white-tailed eagles, common buzzards, sparrowhawks and merlins, all of which hunt other winter residents, including great, blue and bearded tits along with fieldfares, robins and mallards.
But Burgenland’s ornithological pro-fusion is not confined to Lake Neusiedl. The six nature parks and other protec-ted areas form a chain of biotopes that are of great ecological significance.
On the Parndorf Plate, the popu-lation of great bustards is especially important, and the region is also the western range boundary of the imperi-al eagle. Typical of the Lake Neusiedl-Leitha Mountains Nature Park are the stork’s nests in the heart of towns and villages. In April the noisy clattering of the storks can be heard, and starting in June the necks of the young birds can be seen protruding over the edge of the nest while the parents comb the fields and meadows of the surrounding area in search of food. The northern area of the Leitha Mountains is home to
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BREEDING SEASONGreylag geese (centre) are occupied with their brood by late February. Wat-ching the geese fly in formation over Lake Neusiedl is absolutely thrilling.
WELCOME VISITORSStorks (below) return year after year to build their nests on the chimneys of village houses near Lake Neusiedl. By June their young have hatched and are waiting to be fed.
HUNTING FOR FOODWading birds like this black-tailed god-wit (above) often have long, thin beaks to help them explore the silt in search of worms and crustaceans.
makes it possible to observe birds wit-hout disturbing them. In the grassland area regularly flooded by the Zicken-bach in the Wine Idyll Nature Park, river warblers and whinchats can be found singing and nesting. A jewel in the south of the province is the Wil-lersdorf Gorge between Pinkafeld and Bad Tatzmannsdorf: dippers (the only songbird that can swim), honey buz-zards, black storks, wrynecks and river warblers live in this secluded valley. Raab-Orség-Goričko Nature Park, where Austria, Hungary and Slovenia come together, is home to the kingfis-her. It catches its prey in the rivers Raab and Lafnitz and raises its young in ne-arby nesting holes. c
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White-tailed eagle (2) (Haliaeetus albicilla)These days Austria’s heraldic bird is soaring on a rising current, espe-cially in Burgenland. This year’s bird count identified 143 of these eagles in Austria, 54 of which were sighted in the area of the Seewinkel and the Parndorf Plate. Once hunted as a pest, the eagle was nearly extinct until a few years ago. But in 2001, for the first time in 56 years, a pair of white-tailed eagles was sighted nesting, and the numbers have fortunately been rising ever since.
gReat BUStaRd (1) (Otis tarda)Not only is the great bustard one of the world‘s heaviest birds capable of flight, it is also among the most endangered. A major Austrian project launched in 2005 to protect the great bustard has already led to the repo-pulation of former breeding grounds in Burgenland. The males, which can weigh up to seventeen kilograms, are known for their impressive court-ship display. From April to May they can be observed proudly presenting themselves to the females of the species in grasslands and fields.
eURaSian WRyneck (5)(Jynx tOrquilla)These “rubber-necked” birds prefer semi-open landscapes with a few isolated trees, like that of the Willersdorf Gorge. Members of the wood-pecker family, these birds need a habitat with low-growing vegetation to find their food supply. Such a terrain makes it easier for them to find their favourite prey: ants. Unable to drill holes of their own, wrynecks nest in old woodpecker holes. The kind of artificial holes that are made available to them, for example, in the vineyards of the Leitha Mountains area also help to protect the endangered Eurasian wryneck.
eURaSian BitteRn (4) (bOtaurus stellaris)Lake Neusiedl’s belt of reeds offers eurasian bitterns both food and pro-tection. At night and in the twilight hours they stalk through the reeds in search of juicy frogs’ legs. With their feather pattern of variegated streaks they blend perfectly into the background, standing motionless with their bill pointed upward like a reed when they sense danger. In spring the male’s booming call makes his presence audible at a considerable distance.
Pied avocet (3) (recurvirOstra avOsetta)More likely to be found at the seashore, where they retrieve food in ample supply from shallow salt water, pied avocets also thrive in the Seewinkel area of Burgenland, where the ponds are slightly saline. Here the graceful waders search for food, using their long upturned bill, which remains slightly open in order to filter small invertebrates out of the water.
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NAture | Birds
burgenland is home to a wide variety of animals. universum Magazin presents seven special inhabitants of eastern austria.
a BiRd PaRadiSe A BrIeF SuMMArY BY CHrIStINe SONVIllA
White SPoonBill (6)(Platalea leucOrOdia)
This bird gets its name from its long, spoon-like bill, which it uses to catch fish and frogs in
the shallow waters of Lake Neusiedl, its only breeding ground in Austria. The breeding colony
briefly disappeared in 1990 and 1991, but then spoonbills began returning to Burgenland from
their winter home in Africa.
kingfiSheR (7) (alcedO attHis)
The banks of the rivers Raab and Lafnitz in the tri-national Raab-Őrség-Goričko Nature
Park provide an ideal habitat for the kingfisher. The birds build their burrows in the steep san-dy riverbank, and can raise as many as twenty-eight offspring in a single season. The parents
have to dive incessantly to provide enough fish for their hungry chicks. In hard winters the
mortality rate is very high, and it takes many progeny to guarantee the species’ survival.
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Burgenland | Information
BUrgenland ContaCtsBurgenland Tourismus www.burgenland.info Comprehensive information about Burgenland and all it has to offer in the
realm of spas, nature, culture, sports, wellness, wine & fine food.
Pannonian Bird
Experience www.birdexperience.org All the birds and birdwatching around Lake Neusiedl and Seewinkel.
Nationalpark Neusiedler See – Seewinkel
www.nationalpark-neusiedlersee-seewinkel.at All about Lake Neusiedl and Seewinkel, with information about the national park, special natural environment, flora and fauna.
Nature Parks Burgenland www.naturparke.at Overall view of all the nature parks, projects and a nature-park brochure with programmes.
Holiday & Nature www.stmartins.at St. Martin’s Spa & Lodge near Frauenkirchen.
Holiday & Nature www.vilavitahotels.com Hotel and Holiday Village VILA VITA Pannonia in Pamhagen.
Pannonian Living www.burgenland.info Discover Burgenland and its unique lifestyle.
Wein Burgenland www.weinburgenland.at The wines of Burgenland.
WIcHTIgE AdrESSEN HomEPAgE INfoS
Nature experieNce at VILa VIta PannonIa
2 nights in a double room or comfortable bungalow, including ample break-
fast buffet and half board – 1 extended bicycle excursion followed by a picnic
(VILA VITA rental bicycle, cycle map of surrounding area, Tipps for wonderful
picnic spots and an exquisitely filled basket) – 1 welcome drink.
Price per person in double room or bungalow strating from EUR 220.00
Price single room starting from EUR 252.00
Price in double room in suite starting from EUR 300.00