UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES FACTORS AFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF HEALTH RIGHTS OF DUMAGATS IN SAN JOSE DEL MONTE CITY, BULACAN GABRIELLE S. MUSA In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science June 2016 Professor Doroteo Abaya Adviser
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UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILA
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
FACTORS AFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF HEALTH RIGHTS OF DUMAGATS
IN SAN JOSE DEL MONTE CITY, BULACAN
GABRIELLE S. MUSA
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Arts in Political Science
June 2016
Professor Doroteo Abaya
Adviser
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CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................................................. 1
Tan, J., Tayag, J., & Nadate A.C. (2014). Sexual beliefs and reproductive health of
indigenous Filipinos: the Higaonon of Bukidnon and the Ata Manobo of Davao.
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APPENDIX
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APPENDIX A
Expert Interview Questions
1. How would you assess the current Philippine maternal and reproductive health situation?
2. What is needed to ensure the State‘s pursuance of the full realization of health rights?
3. How would you describe the health-seeking behavior of indigenous peoples? 4. How would you assess indigenous health service delivery as regards the four
aspects of rights based approach to health: a. non-discrimination
i. How would we assess service delivery when it comes to catering to the health needs of indigenous peoples in a non-discriminatory manner?
ii. Is it cultural responsiveness significant in indigenous health service delivery? Or are there other / more effective ways in which the state can pursue the realization of indigenous health rights?
b. progressive realization i. Are there enough policies to ensure cultural responsiveness in indigenous
health service delivery? c. content of the right to health
i. availability ii. accessibility iii. acceptability iv. quality
d. participation in decision making 5. What would be the impacts of DOH policies (MNCHN, "no home birthing
policy"/facility-based deliveries) to indigenous peoples' right to health? 6. Would an integrative approach in medicine positively affect indigenous health? If so,
how would such an approach best be implemented? a. How does the state improve indigenous patients‘ access to mainstream health
services while at the same time ensuring the protection of the distinct identity and cultural integrity of IPs?
b. How would the state best reconcile indigenous knowledge/practices and modern medicine in order to ensure good health and well-being of IPs?
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APPENDIX B
Pahintulot sa Paglahok sa Interbyu para sa Pananaliksik
Ako ay boluntaryong lumalahok sa isang research na isinasagawa ni Gabrielle S. Musa na estudyante mula sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas – Maynila. Naiintindihan ko na ang proyektong ito ay isinasagawa para makalikom ng impormasyon tungkol sa kalusugan ng mga katutubong ina. Ako ay magiging isa sa halos sampung (10) Dumagat na nanay na nilalayong interbyuhin para sa pananaliksik na ito.
1. Ang aking partisipasyon sa proyektong ito ay boluntaryo. Naiintindihan ko na hindi ako babayaran sa aking partisipasyon. Maaari kong bawiin at hindi ipagpatuloy ang paglahok anumang oras nang walang multa. Kung tatanggihan ko na sumali o hindi ipagpatuloy ang paglahok sa pag-aaral ay walang ibang makakaalam.
2. Naiintindihan kong karamihan sa mga iinterbyuhin ay maaaring maisip na ang talakayan ay interesante at nangangailangan ng malalim na pag-aalala. Kung sakaling ako ay hindi komportable sa anumang paraan sa panahon ng interbyu, ako ay may karapatan na tanggihang sagutin ang anumang mga katanungan o tapusin na ang interbyu.
3. Ang pakikilahok ay kinabibilangan ng pakikipagpanayam sa mananaliksik mula sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas – Maynila. Ang panayam ay tatagal sa humigit-kumulang 30-45 minuto hanggang isang oras. Isusulat niya ang aking mga pahayag sa panahon ng pakikipanayam. Isang audio tape ng interbyu ang gagawin at kasunod ay ang pagsalin nito sa papel. Kung hindi ko nais na-irecord ito ay hindi ako makakapaglahok sa pag-aaral.
4. Naiintindihan ko na ang mananaliksik ay hindi ako kikilalanin sa aking pangalan sa anumang mga ulat sa paggamit ng impormasyon na nakuha mula sa pakikipanayam, at ang pagiging kompidensiyal ng aming panayam, bilang isang kalahok sa pag-aaral na ito, ay mananatiling ligtas. Kasunod ng mga paggamit ng mga talaan at impormasyon ay sasailalim sa mga karaniwang patakaran ng paggamit ng impormasyon sa proteksyon ng pangalan ng mga indibidwal at institusyon.
5. Nabasa at nauunawaan ko ang pagpapaliwanag na ginawa sa akin. Ako ay kuntento sa mga sagot sa lahat ng aking katanungan at ako ay boluntaryong lumalahok sa pag-aaral na ito.
6. Ako ay nabigyan ng kopya nitong liham sa paghingi ng pahintulot sa pag-iinterbyu.
Sa pamamagitan ng paglagda, kinikilala ko na nabasa at naintindihan ko ang kasulatang ito. __________________________ ________________________ Lagda Petsa __________________________ ________________________
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Buong Pangalan Lagda ng Mananaliksik
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APPENDIX C
KATANUNGAN PARA SA PAKIKIPANAYAM
LUPA
1. Ano ang ikinabubuhay ng iyong pamilya sa ngayon? Nakasasapat naman ba ito? 2. Bilang isang Dumagat, ano ang nakikita mong kahalagahan ng lupa? Ano ang
maaring gawin sa lupa? 3. Ano ang ibig sabihin kapag sinabing lupang ninuno? 4. Kailangan bang pangalagaan ang lupang ninuno? Bakit o bakit hindi? 5. Ano ang konsepto ng pagaari ng lupa ng mga Dumagat? 6. Ano ang pagkakaintindi sa Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title? Alam ba ang
Certificate of Ancestral Land Title? 7. May mga karapatan bang nakapaloob sa Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title?
Kung mayroon, ano ang mga ito? KULTURA
1. Ano ang alam mong kultura ng mga Dumagat? 2. Nagbago na ba ang kulturang ito? 3. Sa mga kabataan makikita pa ba ang mga nakagawiang ng mga ninuno? 4. Ano ang kultura ng mga Dumagat pagdating sa lupa? Pagdating sa kalusugan? 5. Mahalaga ba ang kultura para sa tribo? Ano ang ginagawa ng mga namumuno
upang mapangalagaan ito? KARAPATAN
1. Ano para sa iyo ang karapatan? Ano ang mga nakapaloob dito? 2. Ano ang kailangan para makamit ang mga karapatan? 3. Sa iyong palagay, nakakamit mo ba ang iyong mga karapatan? 4. Mahalaga ba ang gobyerno sa pagkamit ng mga karapatan? Ang tribo ba ay
makakaambag sa pagkamit ng karapatan? KALUSUGAN (Mga Ina)
1. Ano ang kahalagahan ng kalusugan para sayo? 2. Bumibisita ka ba sa health center? Bakit? Ano ang mga serbisyong nakukuha sa
health center? 3. Nasaan ag pinakamalapit na health center? Paano ito pinupuntahan? Malayo ba ito
o malapit? 4. Kumpleto ba ang mga serbisyo sa health center? 5. Ilang oras ang igugugol upang tumungo sa health center makakuha ng serbisyo?
May nagagawa pa ba pagkatapos makabalik galing health center? Para sa mga hindi pa ina
6. May nalalaman ba tungkol sa family planning? Ano ang mga paraang nalalaman? 7. Bakit sa palagay mo gumagamit ng family planning? Ano ang iniiwasan? Para sa mga ina
8. Ilan na ang anak? Nagfamily planning ba sa bawat panganganak? 9. Ano ang alam na mga paraan ng family planning? Ano ang nasubukan na? 10. Bakit ka gumamit ng family planning?
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11. Kung gumamit na ng ibang paraan bukod sa mga natural na paraan, may mga naranasan bang side effects?
12. Naging hiyang ka ba sa paggamit nito? Epektibo naman ba ang paraan na nagamit? 13. Gaano nakatulong ang health center sa paggamit nito? 14. Alam ba na bawal manganak sa hilot at kailangan sa hospital o sa health
center/lying-in clinic makanak?
Revised Interview Questions
LUPA 1. Bilang isang Dumagat, ano ang nakikita mong kahalagahan ng lupa? Bakit ito
mahalaga o hindi para sayo? Ano ang mga nagagawa mo sa lupa? 2. Ano ang pagkakaintindi mo sa konseptong lupang ninuno?
a. Kailangan bang pangalagaan ang lupang ninuno? Bakit o bakit hindi? b. Ano ang konsepto ng pagaari ng lupa ng mga Dumagat?
3. Ano ang pagkakaintindi sa Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title? Alam ba ang Certificate of Ancestral Land Title?
a. May mga karapatan bang nakapaloob sa Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title? Kung mayroon, ano ang mga ito?
4. Ano sa pagkakaalam moa ng sitwasyon ng pag-aari sa lupa? Sino ang nagmamay-ari nito?
5. Ano ang Sistema ng pag-aari ng lupa ng mga Dumagat? Naiiba ba ito sa iba? Bakit o bakit hindi?
6. Bakit ganito ang Sistema ng pag-aari ng lupa? Ano ang kagandahan ng ganitong sistema?
LGU – TRIBO 1. Ano ang systema ng pamumuno ng mga Dumagat? Ipaliwanag kung maaari. 2. Naiiba baa ng systema ng pamumuno ng mga Dumagat sa Barangay? Bakit o
bakit hindi ito naiiba? 3. Ano ang nakikita mong ugnayan ng dalawa? Paano nagtutulungan ang mga
namummuno sa tribo at ang mga nasa barangay? KULTURA
1. May ipinagbago na baa ng kultura ng mga Dumagat noon sa kultura ngayon? Kung oo, anu-ano ito? (Makikita pa baa ng mga nakagawian noon sa mga kabataan ngayon etc.
2. Sa iyong palagay, nakabubuti ba ang mga pagbabagong tulad nito o hindi? 3. Ano ang kahalagahan ng pagapanatili ng kultura ng mga Dumagat? Bakit ito
kailangan gawin? Sa tingin mo ba may mga konkretong aksyong ginagawa ang tribo upang makamtan ito?
KARAPATAN 1. Ano para sa iyo ang karapatan? Ano ang mga nakapaloob dito? 2. Ano ang kailangan para makamit ang mga karapatan? 3. Sa iyong palagay, nakakamit mo ba ang iyong mga karapatan? 4. Mahalaga ba ang gobyerno sa pagkamit ng mga karapatan? Ang tribo ba ay
makakaambag sa pagkamit ng karapatan? KALUSUGAN
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1. Ano ang kahalagahan ng kalusugan para sayo? 2. Bumibisita ka ba sa health center? Bakit? Ano ang mga serbisyong nakukuha sa
health center? 3. Nasaan ang pinakamalapit na health center? Paano ito pinupuntahan? Malayo
ba ito o malapit? 4. Kumpleto ba ang mga serbisyo sa health center? 5. Ilang oras ang igugugol upang tumungo sa health center makakuha ng serbisyo?
May nagagawa pa ba pagkatapos makabalik galing health center? 6. Sa iyong palagay, sapat baa ng mga nakukuha mong serbisyo sa health center?
Natutugunan baa ng iyong mga pangangailangang pangkalusugan sa tuwing ikay bumibisita?
7. Paano mas matutugunan ang iyong mga pangangailangan na patungkol sa kalusugan?
PANDAGDAG NA KATANUNGAN 8. Ano ang mga nakapaloob sa iyong karapatan sa kalusugan? 9. Mahalaga ba ang karapatan sa kalusugan? 10. Paano makakamit ang karapatan sa kalusugan? Paano malalaman kung ito ay
nakamit na o hindipa? 11. Sa palagay mo, may koneksyon ba ang pagkamit ng karapatan sa lupa sa
pagkamit sa karapatan sa kalusugan at pagtatamasa ng magandang kalusugan?
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APPENDIX D Key Informant Interview Guide used by members of Pangkalusugan Lingkod Bayan in their Environment Investigative Mission- Health Impact Assessment in Sitio Karahumi, San Jose Del Monte City, Bulacan.
Socio-economic and Health Impact
1. Ano pong pangunahing pang-kabuhayan ng pamilya niyo ngayon? Gaano na po kayo katagal sa trabaho na ‗yon? May iba pa ba kayong pinagkukunan ng kita?
2. *Kung nag-iba ng trabaho,* Ano pong nagtulak sa inyo para mag-iba kayo ng trabaho?
3. *para sa nag-iba ng trabaho at hindi* Magkano ang abereyds na kinikita niyo sa isang buwan? Nagbago ba ito simula noong magkaroon ng basurahan at/o sunugan ng goma sa inyong lugar?
4. Sa tingin niyo po ba ay nakaapekto ang pagpasok ng basurahan sa kabuhayan ninyo?
5. Sa tingin niyo po ba ay nakaapekto ang pagpasok ng sunugan ng goma sa kabuhayan ninyo?
6. Nagdulot ba ang pagpasok ng basurahan at/o sunugan ng goma ng pagbabago sa pamumuhay ninyo? Pag-alis o pagpasok ng mga tao sa komunidad?
7. Nakaapekto ba ang pagpasok ng basurahan at/o sunugan ng goma sa inyong seguridad at kaligtasan sa loob ng komunidad?
8. Nakaranas ba kayo ng kahit anong porma ng panggigipit mula nang pumasok ang mga operasyong ito?
9. Nakakaranas ba kayo ng kakaibang amoy simula noong magkaroon ng sunugan ng goma at/o basurahan dito sa lugar niyo? Sa tingin niyo ba ay nakaapekto ito sa inyong kalusugan?
10. Saan po kayo kumukuha ng tubig inumin at panluto? 11. Saan po kayo kumukuha ng tubig na panligo at panghugas? 12. May napansin ba kayong kakaiba sa lasa o itsura ng tubig simula noong
magkaroon ng basurahan dito sa lugar niyo? Sa tingin niyo ba ay nakaapekto ito sa inyong kalusugan?
13. Saan po kayo kumukuha ng inyong pagkain? Isda? Gulay at prutas? Bigas? 14. *Kung sa komunidad, *May napansin ba kayong pagbabago sa mga tanim o
huli niyo? Sa tingin niyo ba ay nakaapekto ito sa inyong kalusugan? 15. Anu-ano ang mga sakit na nakukuha niyo simula noong magkaroon ng
basurahan at/o sunugan ng goma dito? Iba o parehas ba ito sa mga sakit ng komunidad bago dumating ang basurahan at/o sunugan ng goma dito?
16. Sa inyong palagay, dapat bang manatili ang basurahan at/o sunugan ng goma sa inyong lugar? Bakit o bakit hindi?
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APPENDIX E
Audio Transcription
Audio recordings are not transcribed verbatim Transcriptions in this part are prepared by members of Pangkalusugan Lingkod Bayan. Divina del Rosario (Kalipi ng Maralitang Dumagat sa Lourdes Neighborhood Association Incorporation -- treasurer) Profile
64 years old, 12 years living in Karahume, has 5 children, plants vegetables for a living
Originally from Camarin Caloocan, only went to live in Karahume because of her faith (God-given dream)
―Puro batuhan dati dito [Karahume], nagtatanim-tanim lang kami‖ Regarding Rubber Melting Facility
Plants: Due to the pollution brought about by the (illegal) facility, the leaves of her plants darkened, their harvest of papaya fruits came to a low.
―Ewan namin kung sino ang nagpasunog‖ Regarding Wacuman Landfill
Diseases: She said that the children frequently experience cough, pulmonya, broncho/bronchitis
Tata Kambal‘s daughter, Rosanna, died because of a pulmonary disease (pulmonya)
The landfill‘s smell is really repugnant -- ―parang patay na daga‖
Whenever Wacuman sprays the landfill with chemicals (ex. December 2015), the flies infest the residential area
Local workers of the Wacuman landfille scavenge for hose, dextrose, syringes, etc. (possibly reselling it??)
Despite the info that the landfill was supposed to stop their operation by early January, daily trucks still go to and fro the site. Sometimes, the garbage falls off from the trucks and is left on the road
They now buy mineral water because their water supply is not safe for intake anymore.
Regarding Land Grabbing Issue
They already asked for government help (DENR, NCIP) but there was no action from the agencies.
History: This is the 5th time that the Dumagat people are being driven away/bought off from their ancestral land (1817 hectares), so most of the Dumagat residing at the area are actually previously displaced.
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***KAMADULNAI side of the issue
―Kalaban namin yan [katutubo], nakakakuha na sila ng pera.‖
―Ang mga tao ang lumalapit, hindi ang BSP.‖
―Dapat ang unang magtanggol sa amin o sa kaniyang kabalat ay ang kapitan (Marcial Ganaban) pero siya ang unang nagbubuyo/nakikipursyento‖
According to them, Kapitan has a house worth millions + car, but with only a 5k monthly salary.
The Dumagat Chieftain is allegedly saying ―magpabayad nalang kayo para at least mayroon kayong pera kapag umalis‖
However, when people are given money in exchange for their lands, they build better houses instead of leaving.
―Silang mga katutubong dapat magmalasakit sa kanilang lupa ay una pang bumigay. Natakot sila sa harrassment, naakit sila sa pera. Para sa akin ang mga tribo tulad ng sa Zambales ay dapat nagkakaisa. Iba talaga mangusap ang pera sa tao.‖
Proposed Developments
Stop mass logging (and charcoal making), plant instead.
A big factor hindering the unity of the community is their lack of livelihood. Given a proper income, there would be less need to sell their land.
Major problems: livelihood, pollution Security
―Wala basta mabait ka lang. Hindi naman sila basta-basta nanakit, may hatulan din naman sila.‖
There is a helipad at Mt. Balagbag used by the military and rich people.
Wacuman Mining rumor - We personally went to the site at Area B, and had a chance to meet the workers. They said they were conducting a drilling test to see if they can erect buildings there. We only saw 2 holes out of the 100+ they are about to drill. The workers‘ were only contracted by their agency to do the job, thus they have no information about whom they were working for. **Note that the soil testing/sampling is only done if they building will be three stories or higher.
Livelihood: plants vegetables, owns 8 pigs, worked abroad from 1982-1889
Currently 56 years old
Became a worker for the Puyat family during the Marcos regime History
When the Puyat family came, Karahume was already inhabited by the Dumagat (who were living there since the 1930s). They were offered jobs.
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But they were also harassed: they bulldozed their houses, their leaders were tortured via private armies and forced to flee, they knew that the IP are afraid of guns/conflict
**anecdote: ―Mayroon nga namalengke lang pagbali nakasabit na sa puno yung anak niya dahil sinuro na yung bahay niya.‖
―Hindi naman namin maisumbong sa gobyerno dahil gobyerno ang may gawa nito.‖ Note that the Puyat is a Marcos crony.
They [Puyat] had a 25 year contract with the DENR and isolated the area. They put up there the Manila Pineapple Corporation, Planters Farm, King Louis flower shop (hatchery), laboratories, mushroom and rose plantations, Philippine Breeders Association, etc.
Ka Tinay worked at the Asia Synthetic Corporation for one year only because the workers had a union lobbying for higher pay.
Karahume Elementary School transferred to the nearby Manila Bricks (place). The Dumagat were relocated at Kawate (?) but they are bought off by the BSP now.
The Puyat business was left bankrupt, only some of the buildings remain. Since this land was land-grabbed by a Marcos crony, the land was transferred to BSP after the regime.
Ka Tinay says that ―unclear ang claim ng BSP – walang pinagmulan ang kanilang title‖
Land grabbing is connected to illegal logging since the increased demand for lumber
Ka Tinay went abroad for 7 years to lie low and also because of the harrassment she experienced. When she returned to the country, Puyat and Villar already signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) stating that the land would be theirs in 5 years‘ time, using Palmera Corp. as the front.
However, the Puyat-Villar business venture (~1995) was unsuccessful. Initially, the Puyats wanted all the workers to vacate the area. However, a lot of the former workers chose to stay within the area. Some employed strategies such as working in Palmera, which is owned by the Villars.
In line with RA 8371 IP rights act (established on 1997), KAMADULNAI lead in the preparation of the requirements for a Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) such as 3D mapping, documentation, traditional ways, graveyards, etc.
o *** but Ka Tinay also mentioned that the CADT was awarded under the Homestead Law ??
o They consolidated all the necessary documents so that 1817 hectares of land will be granted with CADT.
Present tribal councils did not participate in those efforts to claim rights of their ancestral domain. However, after KAMADULNAI‘s struggle to process CADT, the tribal people returned to SJDM, settled in their lands, and established a tribal council that is not under the jurisdiction of the barangay.
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o This situation eventually became problematic. The tribal council members were not fully aware of the history of the land and of the laws on ancestral domain.
o Tribal leaders established another organization which somewhat competed with KAMADULNAI. Also, most government leaders and organizations preferred to communicate with this new organization since it is led by the tribal people. This caused animosity between the two organizations.
This organization is not registered under SJDM. The tribal leaders chose to register it under Montalban, Rizal. → bogus organization
This new organization received compensation (P40, 000 / hectare of land) from DENR so they can conduct greening projects. However, the funding for the local implementation of the project is only at P12, 000 / hectare of land. What‘s worse is that the project really didn‘t push through. Most of the plants (bamboo) were just dumped in streets.
They believe that there is a conspiracy between Roger Encarnacion (OIC of City Environment and Natural Resources Office [CENRO] and tribal council.)
1999: KAMADULNAI decided to temporarily halt their operations since two of its members were already killed: 1) Ka Vangie‘s husband; 2) Ka Tina‘s husband
o 2004: 1817 hectares were awarded with CADT; however, original copy of this CADT is still with NCIP; organization only has a certified true copy
2004: NCIP commissioners‘ graft and corruption cases → massive layoff of NCIP commissioners and officers; Office of the President for Indigenous People (OPIPA), under the leadership of Howard Dee, took over NCIP‘s role and built a secret team to investigate all CADTs to be claimed → accelerated processing of CADTs
o *** According to the internet, there is no such thing as OPIPA. Also, Howard Q. Dee is the former Philippine Ambassador to the Vatican, former president of Unilab. He served as GMA‘s Presidential Adviser on Indigenous People
o KAMADULNAI was able to directly contact Howard Dee since the association asked help from a priest who is a good friend of Howard Dee
o CADT was awarded by 2004; however, up to now, the original document is still with NCIP; the organization was only able to procure a certified true copy of the document [WHY? according to NCIP, the CADT is still not registered]
late 2004: Due to numerous threats, the organization decided to temporarily halt activities for 4 years
2008: Ka Tina returned. BSP claimed that 700 hectares of the 1817 hectares granted via CADT overlaps with BSP‘s land.
o Residents of SJDM are wondering why BSP owns lands.
Currently, the Dumagats are experiencing their 5th cycle of harassment and fighting for their land.
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2008: Wacuman was built. They convinced the people to allow the establishment of the landfill because they claimed that they would provide people with jobs. However, these ―jobs‖ turned out to be inappropriate for the people, since they are not used to scavenging trash.
o ―Nagkakasakit ang mga tao kasi hindi sila sanay sa mabaho at marumi.‖ o The establishment still operates even without permit (2013 to present). o Wacuman has tax declarations for lands 1 to 3. However, they are paying
these taxes to the local government of Norzagaray and not to that of SJDM, even though their official address is under SJDM.
There is conspiracy between Wacuman and Norzagaray leaders.
Current actions of KAMADULNAI: File a case vs. barangay captain (DILG) and vs. Wacuman and Governor (Ombudsman)
o Barangay Captain chose to recognize title of BSP instead of CADT. o Barangay Captain and Tribal Chieftain (Marcelino San Jose) also burned
the documents for CADT and redbook prepared by KAMADULNAI. o People do not recognize their Barangay Captain and Tribal Chieftain
because they are not well-informed about the issue on CADT. ―sumuko sila sa CADT‖
The people are bothered with the numerous drilling sites. One curious citizen went to a drilling site and smelled a sampaguita-like fragrance. The next day, he was rushed to the hospital and died within 2 weeks.
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Key Informant Interview with Kagawad Marti Macatangay Around 9am, 01/02/16
Bangko Sentral supposedly owns San Isidro, from seized assets of Puyat
Dec 2015(?), the land should have already been cleared o Residents with certification from the Barangay Captain will receive
compensation and will be relocated in Barangay Paradise 3 o It was found out that not all those given certification were actual residents
and landowners Those from outside the Barangay can easily ask the Barangay
Captain to sign their certification o In transactions through (real estate) agents, compensation was not
received in full by the landowners **the residents will only be shown the check and will not be able to
hold it They will be accompanied to the bank to cash/deposit it Part of it will be already deposited to the agent‘s account Agents are also residents
o The giving out of compensation was halted o *** From BSP: Louie and Dionido
Construction of the relocation site is currently halted since the Brgy Captain of sa
However, there are speculations that BSP is being used by (Mark) Villar to acquire land to be converted for Ecotourism, as in the city plan of SJDM
o The agricultural land is to be converted to commercial o Clearing out the residents will make the application for a Conversion Order
easier as there will be no one to complain/fight
Regarding the Wacuman Landfill o Wacuman is asking for compensation worth P600 M for it to stop
operations o Garbage is still currently being deposited at the site
20 trucks x 3 trips o Mayor San Pedro of SJDM profits from allowing Wacuman to operate (by
letting them win the bidding for land prior to its construction) Also previously allowed the construction of a Globe cellsite Gains from these are exhibited in the form of expensive housing
o Residents of Norzagaray do not complain about the landfill Wacuman is owned by their Vice Mayor Legaspi ** VM Legaspi and Mayor San Pedro are cousins VM Legaspi plans to run for Mayor this elections, the compensation
received for the landfill will be useful o The site is expected to close on its own due to the compensation o Construction supplies are not permitted inside the are
Small landowners/residents are aimed to be removed before the big landfill
ANECDOTE: SEP 2015 (?) o Ka Marti was only once able to go inside the landfill area because of an
accident involving a garbage truck that dumps in the landfill and a passenger vehicle
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o He demanded accountability from Wacuman however they responded by saying that it was not within their jurisdiction and that they do not have any responsibility to the victims
o They offered to not allow said truck to dump in their site anymore o Ka Marti refused saying that all the more the people will not be
compensated for the accident if the truck will not go there anymore. He demanded for them to hold operations.
ANECDOTE: KA MARTI‘S LAND o Ka Marti lost the case for his land o There was a ―lapse‖ in the issuing of the notice to vacate from the judge o (?) There was still no answer before issuing the notice (?)
Dumagats (?) o IPs already received compensation o DENR + NCIP does not permit selling of ancestral lands
VIllar through BSP o Their Datu filed a lawsuit
Compensation o With plantation: higher value o Without plantation: 20 pesos/sq m o With relocation o At ―sentro‖: only about 5 has agreed to receive compensation because
most are with CLOA
On interviewing residents, sari-sari store owners near the landfill, Ka Marti says that they receive payment from the WACUMAN management and therefore, may not give truthful answers
o Some also work for landfill, scavenging (?) for ―recyclables‖ and expired goods
Scavengers are employed on a daily basis, they surrender their findings to WACUMAN who themselves find buyers
Hospital wastes such as tubings are washed and sold, syringes were found in the near river
o Different types of wastes are collected in one site, not separated from each other
The landfill is not completely covered, land is only lightly scattered above the garbage
In the beginning, the waste being deposited included expired food and rejected produce
Hospital waste was added in later
Currently, waste from Pozo Negro is also being deposited at/near the site (?) o **waste from Taguig
The rubber melting plant was raided and burned and is now non-operational.
A river is 500 m away from the landfill, going down the slope o **the rubber melting plant is closer to the river, extremely polluting it
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16 January 2016. Around 12nn. Rodriguez, Rizal Interviewee: Eliseo dela Cruz.
Ama sa 3 anak. 2 babae, 1 lalaki (panganay; tricycle driver)
Miyembro ng Dumagat – katutubo ng lugar na iyon, na sumasakop sa Rizal at Bulacan
Isang konsehal sa Tribal Council ng mga Dumagat Pagsimula ng Wacuman
2007. Tribal council si Mr. Eliseo ng mga panahong iyon. Ayon sa mga taga-Wacuman, priority na magkatrabaho ang katutubo. Pumirma ang mga Dumagat sa kasunduan
Nagtrabaho nga sila doon, bilang tagakalkal. Kinukuha nila yung mga lata, bote, etc; mga pang-junk shop. Pero di natagalan ng karamihan sa mga Dumagat yung baho; sanay kasi sila sa sariwang hangin. (mismong si Mr. Eliseo ay nagkalkal dun, isang araw lang)
May mga Dumagat pa ring nagtatrabaho sa Wacuman, pero sa pagkakaalam ni Eliseo ay di na sa basurahan, kundi sa paggawa nalang ng poste/bakuran, o di kaya‘y pag-gwardya.
- Wala naman raw silang reklamo sa sweldo. Wacuman -> Masamang epekto sa Kalusugan?
Ang baho ng basurahan ay hindi rin umaabot sa lugar niya. Pero may mga langaw na nagsisipuntahan sa lugar nila pagka nagsespray sa Wacuman. Gayunpaman, walang umabot sa kaalaman ni Mr. Eliseo na mga sakit na maaaring direktang naidulot ng Wacuman.
o Sipon at trangkaso lang raw ang mga kadalasang nagiging sakit (note: iba ang statement na ito sa sinasabi ng ibang nakapanayam, tulad nina Ka Divina).
o May malapit na pagamutan naman, sa Sapang-Palay. May mga sapat na doktor naman. Kung hindi kaya sa Sapang Palay ay dinadala sa East Avenue o sa Malolos.
Tubig. o Kumukuha sila ng tubig ―sa tangke‖, hindi sa ilog. o Di rin naman daw naaapektuhan yung ilog sa lugar nila dahil nasa
upstream na ito ng Wacuman. o Pero naniniwala si Mr. Eliseo na tumatagas pa rin ang ―leachate‖ sa ilog
sa may downstream. May natukoy siyang ―tangke ng Biogas‖ na marahil ay tumutukoy sa Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) na ginagamit ng Wacuman para sa wastewater treatment. Di siya nagtitiwala rito, at sinabing may tumatagas pa rin kahit may ganoon.
Pangangamkam ng lupa ng mga Dumagat Nasasaad sa CADT (Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title) ng mga Dumagat na mayroon silang ~1800 hectares (ha) ng ancestral land. Wala pang isang taon simula nang dumating ang mga taga-BSP (Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas), na nagnanais na makakuha ng ~700ha sa ancestral land na ito. Ang lupang ito ay may sinasakupang mga parte ng San Jose del Monte, Bulacan; Norzagaray; at Montalban, Rizal. Nang
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tanungin namin si Mr. Eliseo kung sinabi ba ng BSP kung para saan gagamitin ang lupa, ay hindi niya nasagot nang diretso. “Gagalangin namin”
May sinabi si Mr. Eliseo na: ―nasa batas namin na binigay ni Pangulong GMA na iyong sakop ng aming ancestral o CADT na may titulo ay gagalangin namin; siguro umabot na nga doon sa kinukuha na nga ito ng BSP.‖Ilang ulit niyang sinabi na ―basta sakop kami noong titulado ay igagalang namin‖ at ito raw ang dahilan kung bakit pumayag silang umalis. Sa pagkakaintindi ko rito ay iniisip ni Mr. Eliseo na nakasaad sa batas na maaaring kunin ng BSP/gobyerno ang ancestral land ng mga Dumagat kung sa tingin nila ay kailangan ang lupang ito para sa ibang bagay.
o Note: sa susunod na bullet, pinlano rin daw nilang ―lumaban‖. Kung tama ang pagkakaintindi ko sa sinabi niyang ―gagalangin nila ang batas‖, ibig sabihin ay iniisip nilang mali ang paglaban na iyon.
o Note: Section 3a of RA8371 (IP Rights‘ Act) defines Ancestral Domain as: ―all areas generally belonging to ICCs/IPs comprising lands, inland waters, coastal areas, and natural resources therein, held under a claim of ownership, occupied or possessed by ICCs/IPs, by themselves or through their ancestors, communally or individually since time immemorial, continuously to the present except when interrupted by war, force majeure or displacement by force, deceit, stealth or as a consequence of government projects or any other voluntary dealings entered into by government and private individuals/corporations, and which are necessary to ensure their economic, social and cultural welfare. It shall include ancestral lands, forests, pasture, residential, agricultural, and other lands individually owned whether alienable and disposable or otherwise, hunting grounds, burial grounds, worship areas, bodies of water, mineral and other natural resources, and lands which may no longer be exclusively occupied by ICCs/IPs but from which they traditionally had access to for their subsistence and traditional activities, particularly the home ranges of ICCs/IPs who are still nomadic and/or shifting cultivators.‖
Malabo ang definition na ‗to. Paano nalang kung napagmukhang ―necessary to ensure…economic, social and cultural welfare‖ ang isang govt/private project? Ayon sa IPRA baka ma-justify ang ginagawa ng BSP kung makukumbinse nila ang mga tao sa necessity ng project nila. Kumbaga magiging isang instance ito ng ―exception‖ sa ―occupation or possession by ICCs/IPs...as a consequence of projects necessary to ensure...welfare‖
Napagdesisyunan raw nilang mga katutubo na kung ipagpapatuloy nila ang paglaban at ipapamana pa sa mga kaanak-anakan nila, aniya ―baka ni kamoteng kahoy ay di na kami makapagtanim dito‖.
o Ang desisyon nila: ―ibigay natin ang ‗para sa kanila (BSP/gobyerno)‘ kung ibibigay nila yung para sa atin.‖ (note again: inisip nila na ‗para sa gobyerno‘ ang lupang iyon)
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o Ano ang “para sa [mga Dumagat]”? Lahat ng nadatnan ng BSP sa kasalukuyan nilang tinitirhan ay dapat may kapalit sa paglilipatan nila: kalsada, paaralan, ―tribal‖ (council headquarters?), tubig at kuryente.
Sila (mga Dumagat) nalang daw ang bahala sa bahay na titirhan nila. Di nila inisip na lugi sila rito kasi kung ano naman ang presyong gusto nila ay ibibigay.
Tamang Presyo
Kung ano naman daw ang presyo na gusto ay ibabayad ng BSP.
Ayon kay Ka Gunding, ang naunang deal sa kanila (pre-haggling) ay P20 per sqm ng lupa, hindi pa kasama ang bayad sa mga nakatanim. Kung si Ka Gunding raw ang tatanungin, dapat P500 per sqm, at huwag nang bilangin ang tanim.
o May mga pamangkin si Ka Gunding na nagbenta ng 2ha for P600,000 sa tulong ng pakikipagtawaran ni Ka Gunding kay Louie Maisa (ahente ng BSP). Nakuha rin agad noong sumunod na araw iyong tseke. Sa isang BDO branch sa bayan, maraming pumupuntang mga binayaran ng BSP para magclaim. Walang naghohold-up kahit dalawa lang ang guwardiya – maaaring nakatimbre?
Di raw nagpapabayad si Mr. Eliseo dahil nakakahiya raw sa mga ninuno niya. Pero may mga sinabi rin siyang taliwas:
o ―...kapag talagang ito ay kukunin ng BSP, at maintay natin yung panahon talaga na kailangan na nila, masusunod yung bayad nila sa atin e... Pero sa ngayon hayaan nalang natin sila. Pero kung may nangangailangan odi bumigay. Kaso hintayin natin yung panahon, at ibigay namin sa tamang presyo.‖ Kumbaga mananatili sila doon hangga‘t hindi pa urgent yung ‗pangangailangan‘ na umalis sila.
o Nang tanungin kung bibigay ba siya kung sa tamang presyo, oo raw dahil iilan lang silang lumalaban (note: di niya explicitly sinabi na bibigay ―ako‖; laging ―kami‖). Bibigay nalang raw sila kesa fight a losing fight; dahil baka kahit panlipat-bahay ay di sila makinabang.
Ka Gunding comment: e yung binibigay naman nila sa ngayon di mo maipapampatayo ng bahay. ―Kapag tinanggap nila yang pera, pagkalipat nila wala nang matitira sa kanila. Kaya di na rin aalis yan, lalaban na rin yan.‖ Gusto talaga ni Ka Gunding na lumaban nalang sila at wag tanggapin ang bayad.
Hindi rin namimilit ang BSP. o Ka Gunding‘s comment: walang harassment kasi kung meron, lalaban
yung mga tao at mahihirapan ang BSP na mabili ang lupa. Syempre ay magiging mabait yan at liligawan sila.
Paglilipat
Wala pang lumilipat na Dumagat sa ngayon dahil di pa naaayos ang lilipatan. Aabot pa raw ng 5-10 taon bago maayos ang lilipatan. May proseso kasi. Wala pa ring sinisimulang construction.
Ang relocation site ng mga Unat (mga Tagalog) ay sa Barok (lugar malapit sa Wacuman). Iba ang lilipatan ng mga Dumagat (nakalimutan nila ang pangalan ng lugar, basta malapit raw sa isang nagngangalang ―Iding Iligan‖).
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o Wala raw alitan ang mga Tagalog at katutubo roon pero pinahiwatig din ni Mr. Eliseo ang kagustuhan na magkaroon ng komunidad na puro Dumagat lang ang magkakasama.
Trabaho? Wala naman daw problema dahil di naman gagalawin ng BSP ang lupang tinataniman nila.
o Ginagalang naman daw ng gobyerno na ―sakop ng ancestral land‖ nila yung taniman at hindi ito ginagalaw.
(Although sa totoo lang sakop rin naman ng ancestral land nila yung residential areas, Section 3b of IPRA: ―Ancestral Lands…refers to land occupied, possessed and utilized by individuals, families and clans who are members of the ICCs/IPs… including, but not limited to, residential lots, rice terraces or paddies, private forests, swidden farms and tree lots‖)
o Yung taniman nila ay nasa lugar ng Reservacion, malapit sa lugar ng Baliwag at Ipo dam (?).
Rasa Surveying
Nasukat na at nasurvey na ang area na kukunin ng BSP. Rasa Surveying Company ang gumawa nito.
Paano nakapasok? Ayon kay Ka Gunding walang maipakitang court order ang mga taga-Rasa noong hiningi niya. Bago nakapasok yung mga Rasa surveyors, matinding pakiusap ang ginawa ni Louie Maisa
o Louie Maisa - ahente ng BSP/ pinaka-kinatawan ni Atty. Dionido ng BSP (may abogado rin ang mga Dumagat galing sa NCIP.)
o Kondisyon ni Ka Gunding para papasukin ang mga taga-Rasa – ilagay sa kasunduan na hindi siya nagpapabayad.
o Ka Gunding (NV): Di naman ako magpapabayad e, hayaan mo silang makita yung laki ng area ko diyan na 14ha.
Ayon kay Ka Gunding, inisip niya na marahil ay kailangan daw nila ito para maipresenta at nang makakuha sila ng badyet na maipapambayad sa mga tao. Sa pagkakaintindi ko ay parang pinayagan na niyang makapasok para makatanggap na rin ng bayad ang kung sino mang gustong magpabayad.
o Maipresenta kanino? Sa mga malalaking taong ginagamit lang diumano ang pangalan ng BSP?
Ginagamit lang ang pangalan ng BSP?
Naniniwala sina Eliseo at Ka Gunding na ginagamit lang ang pangalan ng BSP, at may malaking taong nagtatago sa likod nila. Ang ideya nila ay isa o lahat sa mga ito: Villar, Araneta, Henry Sy. Kaya malaki ang budget. (P7Billion diumano ang budget para sa tinatawag na ―Lot 1‖ sa Brgy San Isidro).
o Sinasabi ng Rasa na BSP ang nag-hire sa kanila. Pero maaaring na-brief na kasi sila. Ang Rasa ay surveyor talaga ng Palmera, na pagmamay-ari ng mga Villar, kaya maaaring ikonekta sa mga Villar ang Rasa.
Ayon kay Ka Gunding, naniniwala siya na ang BSP ay tagatago lang ng titulo sa mga deals na tulad nito, at may private entity sa likod nila na talagang magmamay-ari ng titulong iyon. ―Walang bangko na bumibili ng lupa. Kung ako‘y
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isang mayaman na may lupa, icocollateral ko lang iyon para makautang ako ng pera. Tagatago lang ng mga titulo yan. Kumbaga doon mo lang idedeposit, kung may ginto ka doon mo dalhin; kung may titulo ka doon mo dadalhin. Ang BSP wala namang pera yan, tagatago lang yan.‖
Nagkakaisa ba ang mga Dumagat?
Nagkakaisa ba ang mga Dumagat na dapat kanila ang lupa? Mukhang hindi, at sa pagkakaintindi ko, ay nagiging wais lang sila. Bawat panig ay mukhang may makukuha rin sa huli:
o Sa panig ng mga lumalaban: Naniniwala si Ka Gunding na nasa panig ng mga Dumagat ang batas. May nakasulat sa batas ng NCIP na para lang sa Dumagat ang lupa ng mga Dumagat, kaya kung may lumalaban namang mga Dumagat ay mahihirapan din ang BSP. Kaya posible ring yung ginastos ng BSP sa mga nabayaran na nila ay masasayang lang dahil baka maibalik pa uli sa mga Dumagat ang lupang ito. Ani Ka Gunding, ―Kunin nyo na yan habang wala pang demandahan, dahil titigil ang bayaran.‖
Pinahiwatig ni Ka Gunding na gusto talaga niyang lumaban nalang sila at wag tanggapin ang bayad. Aniya, ―Yung binibigay naman nila sa ngayon di mo maipapampatayo ng bahay. Kapag tinanggap nila yang pera, pagkalipat nila wala nang matitira sa kanila. Kaya di na rin aalis yan, lalaban na rin yan.‖
o Sa panig ng mga nagpabayad: Hindi hahayaan nina Eliseo at Ka Gunding na umalis sa lugar ang mga nagpabayad na hangga‘t hindi pa naaayos yung lilipatan, nang kumpleto sa kalsada, paaralan, kuryente, tubig, atbp. Muli, babayaran naman ng BSP kung ano ang hihingin.
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01/17/2016, 1:45 - 3:40 pm Pulong Masa – Karahume Farmers’ Association (KFA) Agenda 1. Discussion and deliberation on current situation of farmers and of citizens not only in
SJDM but in the entire Philippines January 22, 1987 - 29th Anniversary of Mendiola Massacre [Reading: 29 Taon ng Masaker sa Mendiola (please read the Appendix → basis for discussion of persisting problems for farmers and citizens]
1) Land monopoly exacerbated crisis of colonial and feudalistic Filipino society under PNoy
2) Agricultural land conversion under the guise of ―development‖ and ―industrialization‖
o agricultural → real estate, mining, energy production o ―industrialization / rural developmental projects‖ used as justification for
land monopoly; however, countrymen do not benefit from these projects → causes farmers to become displaced
ex. (1) energy produced from solar power plant project (Ayala) will be used not to provide electricity to farmers, but for other ―development projects‖; (2) 4Ps is used to ‗brainwash‘ beneficiary farmers in Paradise, Bulacan so that they would believe that rural development means conversion of agricultural land to residential / commercial land: ―Ang mga magsasaka sa Paradise, Purok 4, ay tinuturuan ang mga na magtanim ng halaman sa paso, dahil sabi ng DSWD worker ay ‗Hindi kayo habang buhay na magiging magsasaka dahil ang mga lupa at palayan niyo ay tatayuan na ng mga gusali. Diba maganda yun dahil may development?‘.‘‖
o rural development does not necessarily mean improvement of the lives of the citizens; direct service should be provided instead
o conspiracy between private sectors and government is apparent in situations like these
3) Agricultural produce for export rather than consumption of countrymen; dependence of Filipino food consumption on exports (especially that of rice)
o usually, imports indicate lack/shortage of resources (in this case, rice); however, this contradicts data of Department of Agriculture which claims that tons of rice produced in Nueva Ecija and other areas in Central Luzon may potentially feed the entire population
o scenario: government imports rice during time of harvest because imported rice, especially those from Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia, is cheaper than our farmers‘ produce (mainly because of lack of government subsidy) → thus data from Department of Agriculture is actually inflated (that is, number of tons of rice include those which are imported); also, because of the huge influx of cheap imported rice, expensive locally-produced rice have no place in the market setting → a huge portion of locally-produced rice rot away in warehouses
o most land are dedicated for large local and international plantations of oil palms, rubber, bananas, pineapples, sugar cane etc. → for export
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o most agri-technological advances (ex. tractors) are concentrated only on large plantations
o block farming also occurs; subsidy won‘t be provided unless you plant a certain crop
4) Corruption of funds for agricultural subsidy o corruption of budget of Department of Agriculture, National Food Authority,
National Irrigation Administration, and Philippine Coconut Authority [ex. (1) Coco-levy is used to build UCPB and 12 large oil mills, and by Danding Cojuanco to buy shares of San Miguel Corp.; up to now, coco-levy funds have not yet been returned to National Treasury, and thus, farmers still to not receive basic services from these funds.; (2) According to Failon Ngayon, Commission of Agriculture and Fisheries spends Php 4M / year for snacks during meetings.]
o farmers still pay irrigation fee (even during calamities and during El Nino); this irrigation fee and other additional fees may cause some farmers to use their lands as collateral for debt, thus causing them to eventually lose their land and to ‗downgrade‘ to farm workers (a.k.a. farmers without their own land to till)
o inequity in funding for irrigation (NCR, which have little to no agricultural land, receives Php 5B irrigation fund from National Irrigation Administration, while it Central Luzon, called the ‗Rice Granary of the Philippines‘ receives Php 3B irrigation fund.
o 700 M fertilizer scam during GMA period; Napoles scam during PNoy period
o AFMA (Agricultural and Fisheries Modernization Act): supposedly farmers and fishermen should receive appropriate subsidy so as to increase production rate; this ended up as a failure
5) Elections 2016 o serves as battle of different factions (ex. Liberal Party, UNA, Nacionalista,
etc.) o however, these factions only have one goal – to maintain the system in
which they will favor in → protect their own interests and those of huge businessmen which provides them with monetary support
6) US Imperialism o US government interferes with Philippine economy and finances o 90 % of banks in the Philippines are in partnership with large banks in
other nations (mainly U.S.); thus, Philippines is severely affected by economic crises of other countries
o Philippine currency is highly dependent on US dollars 7) No genuine agrarian reform programs (CARP, CARPER, Agrarian Reform and Rural Development Bill)
o Agrarian reforms started after WW II for the Hukbalahap troops. From WW II to present, there have been 11 agrarian reform programs but not one has provided enough services to farming communities
o CARP & CARPER both failed
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o GARB is still in congress (3 hearings already; 4th hearing will occur in July 2016): includes distribution of land to farmers
8) Abuse of farmers + acts of violence towards farmers o 160 farmers were killed (2010 to present) o ex. (1) Lucilla and Roger Vargas from San Isidro were killed on Septemer
19, 2015 while they were on their way to sell their produce. They fought for their land. It has been known that before they were killed, they have been a confrontation between the couple and Singson‘s guards which didn‘t end up in a civil manner.; (2) Lumads and Mangyans (in Mindoro) were displaced by military and paramilitary forces (ex. in Oplan Bantay Laya led by General Jovito Palparan under GMA)
o ―Oplan Bayanihan‖ under PNoy: serves as a counter-insurgency program so that government may control mass action
9) Issues within LGUs and NCIP o LGUs are supposed to protect the interests of the people under their
jurisdiction. However, based on statements of people in SJDM, Barangay Captains and Tribal Chieftains even encourage the citizens to receive money from BSP in exchange for their land.
o NCIP served as ‗middle-men‘/‘bridges‘ for mining/ecotourism companies to buy land from indigenous people.
2. Laying out of activities - January 18 – 19: Koprahan sa Senado (resuming of session) - January 20: Dialogue with DENR, DAR, NCIP, SENRO, MENRO and LGUs of SJDM and Norzagaray to clarify issues - January 20 – 22: Kampanyang Magbubukid ng Enero: Protest Camp-out (Kampuhan), Solidarity Night at Vigil sa DAR + Caravan from DAR to Morayta to Mendiola + Protesta sa Mendiola - January 21: Action for Free Irrigation Service Fees - February 3: Candidates‘ Forum [Out of all the presidential candidates, only Duterte confirmed so far.] - Buong taon: Kampanyang Pakikibakang Masa - Kilos protesta para sa libreng irrigasyon
3. Panawagan at Slogan [ng Alyansa ng mga Magbubukid ng Bulacan at Anakpawis] - Ipaglaban ang tunay na reporma sa lupa at libreng pamamahagi ng lupa - Katarungan para sa mga biktima ng Masaker Mendiola
- Ibalik sa mga magsasaka sa mga niyugan ang Coco Levy Fund; Labanan ang pribatisasyon ng Coco Levy Fund and Assets
- Ipaglaban ang libreng serbisyong irigasyon - Labanan ang imperyalistang pandarambong - Katarungan para sa biktima ng paglabag sa karapatang pantao - Palayain ang lahat ng bilanggong pulitikal
- Itigil ang militarisasyon sa kanayunan; Ibasura ang Oplan Bayanihan; Lansagin ang private army
Observations:
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- Only approximately 1/4 of the members of Karahume Farmers‘ Association (KFA) attended the meeting. [estimate by Ka Gundina] - A significant portion of the participants of the Pulong Masa are not residents of Karahume. This may explain why most of them are not fully aware of the agenda of the meeting. - Most of them are landowners and not actual farmers who till their own lands. - [Personal Observation] Most of the members of KFA do not seem to be empowered members of their association. They seem to view themselves as ‗supporters‘ of Ka Gundina‘s cause rather than members of an organization. All except 3 referred to themselves as ―miyembro ni Ka Gundina‖ or ―kasama ni Ka Gundina‖ instead of ―miyembro ng KFA‖. Quotes: - ―Dapat maasahan nating maipapatupad ng mga mamamayan ang mga batas kasi maaaring wala tayong aasahan kung aasahan lamang natin ang Kongreso. Sandigan natin ang lakas ng ating pagkakaisa at paninindigan!‖ - ―Land for the Landless, Home for the Homeless‖ - ―Sama-samang pagkilos ang kailangan.‖
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APPENDIX F
Supporting Documents (CADT, supporting data)
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60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
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APPENDIX G
Documentation (letter to community, informed consent forms)