University of Mumbai Interface of Colleges with Universites & National Agencies A. K. Srivastava Department of Chemistry University of Mumbai Vidyanagari,

University of Mumbai

Interface of Colleges with Universites & National Agencies

A. K. Srivastava

Department of Chemistry University of Mumbai

Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East)Mumbai − 400 098

Email: [email protected]


Our Education System• Education in India is seen as one of the ways to upward social mobility• Good education is seen as a stepping stone to a high flying career• Education System in India currently represents a great paradox.

• On the one hand we have IIMs & IITs that rank among the best institutes in the world and on the other hand there are number of schools/ colleges/ universities in the country that don't even have the basic infrastructure.

• Even after more than 60 years after independence we are far away from the goal of universal literacy.

• But on a positive note, Indian professionals are considered among the best in the world & are in great demand.

• This signifies the inherent strength of Indian education system.


Cooperative Relationships• Imperfect information: The potential partners may be

unaware of each other’s goals and capacities, and learning such information may be costly or impossible

• Uncertainty and immeasurability: The partners may not be

able to accurately assess the quality of each other’s potential contribution and so may tend to undervalue it.

• Irreversibility: The partners may be reluctant to make contributions to the relationship that cannot be reversed if the relationship ends (for example, the sharing of intellectual property).


Cooperative Relationships

• Absence of focal points: Partnerships are facilitated when the partners can see points of likely agreement even before they communicate with each other. For example, precedents or common interests may make certain points of agreement seem natural or obvious. If there are no such points (known as focal points or Schelling points), agreements become less likely.

• Non-unitary actors: The governance processes of one or both parties may allow constituencies within the organization to veto arrangements that might otherwise produce a net benefit for the organization as a whole.

• Disincentives to share gains: Each partner may have an incentive to overstate

the value of its contribution to the venture (as a way of claiming a higher share of the net gains). The aggregate effect of this behavior will be to overstate the costs of the venture, so the gains appear small or nonexistent.


Cooperative Relationships

• Enforcement difficulties: The nature of the relationship may be such that it cannot be fully described in a contract that could be enforced by an authoritative third party (such as a court). This means that the parties themselves must find ways to resolve disputes.

• Uncertainty about external authorities: An external authority (such as a regulator) may play a constructive role in creating incentives for cooperation. But an authority whose future behavior is unpredictable may have a dampening effect on cooperation, as players fear changes in the rules of the game.


Good practice in education

• encourages contact between students and faculty,

• develops reciprocity and cooperation among students,

• encourages active learning,• gives prompt feedback,• emphasizes time on task,• communicates high expectations, and• respects diverse talents and ways of learning.


Academic Environment

• A strong sense of shared purposes.• Concrete support from administrators and

faculty leaders for those purposes.• Continuing examination of how well the

purposes are being achieved.• Policies and procedures consistent with the

purposes.• Adequate funding appropriate for the

purposes.


It involves the following major steps:•Inculcation of Research interest / culture•Identification of Research area / topic•Selection of funding agency•Requirements of proposal as per agency•Writing the proposal for submission•Defending proposal before committee•Implementation

Funding of Research


Funding Agency

Government or Non-Government organization providing monetary grant for research


Major Funding Agencies in India

• University Grants Commission ( UGC), New Delhi www.ugc.ac.in• Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), New

Delhi www.icssr.org• Department of Science and Technology (DST) New Delhi www.dst.gov.in• Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New

Delhi www.csir.res.in• Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); BRNS www. barc.ernet.in


Major Funding Agencies in India

• Department of Biotechnology ( DBT), New Delhi www.dbtindia.nic.in• Department of Non Conventional Energy Sources

( DNES), New Delhi www.mnre.gov.in• Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) www.drdo.nic.in• Indian Council of Agricultural Research www.icar.org.in• Ministry of Environment & Forest www.envfor.nic.in/funding


• All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)• Department of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha

and Homeopathy (AYUSH)• Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)• Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)• Ministry of Water Resources (MOWR)• Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (MOSJE)• Sahitya AKademy, New Delhi (www.sahitya-akademy.gov.in)• Banks• Industries, etc.

Funding Agencies in India


UGC• Institutional Funding: Major through five year plans: SAP, UPE & others schemes

• Individual Projects: Major & Minor Major: The quantum of assistance for a research project:• Sciences including Engineering & Technology, Medical, Pharmacy,

Agriculture etc. : Rs. 12 L• Humanities, Social Science, Languages, Literature, Arts, Law and allied

disciplines: Rs. 10 L

Minor: Sciences - Rs. 2 L Humanities & Social Sciences - Rs. 1.5 L

# Incentives (from employer)


ICSSR

• The research projects may belong to any one of the following social science disciplines or may be interdisciplinary in nature: the recognized disciplines / category are:

• (i) Economics / Commerce / Management / Business Administration (ii) Sociology and Social Anthropology / Social Work / Demography /

Gender Studies (iii) Political Science / International Relations / Geography / Public

Administration (iv) Psychology / Education /Criminology (v) Other-Linguistics / Law etc.


DST: Scientific Programmes

• Scientific & Engineering Research Council (SERC)• Technology Development (Drug, Pharma…)• S & T Socio-economic Development (Popularization

of Sci. & Production of Mater.)• International S & T Cooperation (collaboration,

facilities abroad, etc.)• Women Scientists Programme (up to 50 yrs;

fellowships + research grant [23 L)• Technology Missions: Solar & Water


DST Objectives• To promote research in newly emerging frontier areas of science and

engineering including multidisciplinary fields.

• To selectively promote the general research capability in relevant areas of science and engineering taking into account capability of the host institutions.

• To encourage young scientists to take up challenging R&D activities.

• To give special encouragement to projects from relatively small and less endowed University Departments and Institutions.

• To encourage patenting facilities to scientists and technologists in the country for Indian and foreign patents on a sustained basis.


DST: Activities• Project support to scientists in challenging areas in various disciplines

• Unit and core group around outstanding scientists

• Training programmes involving young scientists

• SERC Student Fellowships

• SERC Chairs in key areas of S&T

• Setting up of Research support facilities

• Organisation of Summer/Winter Schools

• Women's scientist scheme


DST: SERC Schools

• To encourage Young Scientists to take up challenging research and development activities.

• Program Advisory Committee promotes the program in disciplines like Life, Chemical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

• PACs in Chemistry: Physical, Inorganic, Organic

• Individual PAC (Environment, Sensors, etc.)


Programmes under SERC division

• Programmes for Project Support

• Intensification of Research in High Priority Areas (IRHPA)

• Nanoscience Technology Initiative (NSTI)

• Ramanujan Fellowship (below 60 yrs, 75 K, 5 L for conf. etc, res. Grant)

• JC Bose National Fellowship (below 60 yrs, 25 K = sal., 10 L for conf. etc, res. Grant)

• Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure in Universities and other Higher Educational Institutions (FIST)

• Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facilities (SAIFs)


Programmes under SERC division

• Human Resource Development and Nurturing Young Talent. – Swarnajayanti Fellowships (25 K; 30-40 Yrs)– Fast Track Scheme For Young Scientists (FAST) (<35 yrs)– Better Opportunities for Young Scientists in Chosen Areas of Science a

nd Technology (BOYSCAST)

• Women Scientists Programs • Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana (KVPY) • International Travel Support Scheme for Participation in Conferences

Abroad • Assistance to Professional Bodies & Seminar/Symposia • Mathematical Science Program • Utilization of the Scientific Expertise of Retired Scientists (USERS) • Support for participation of Indian Scientists abroad for attending

International Events • SERC Visiting Fellowship (<50 yr, work with experts)


DST: SERC Funding

• The project proposals for consideration under the SERC Scheme can now be submitted anytime throughout the year.

• The Investigators may submit only 20 copies of the proposal printed on both the sides of A4 size paper along with the electronic copy of the proposal on a CD.


DST: SERC Funding

• Sophisticated equipment, instruments and facilities to academic institutions as part of R&D activities/programmes

• Training to brilliant young scientists through fellowships, workshops, summer/ winter schools in few selected areas and students fellowships.


DST: Institutional Support

• Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure in Higher Educational Institutions (FIST)

• Support at 3 levels (5 years each)Level 0:• Colleges with relatively active teaching. • Moderate funding for improving teaching

quality.


DST - FIST

Level 0:• Proposals from College of Govt./ Govt. aided

are considered for a maximum support up to Rs. 100.0 lakhs for Teaching as well as Research facilities to the non-self financed S & T departments for 5 years.


DST - FIST

• For College, the support to 'College as a whole' shall be considered for the post-graduate S & T departments which are not self financed.

For Self-financed post-graduate departments and Private Universities/ Academic Institutes including Colleges, support is considered only for research, having National Level Test (NET/GATE) qualified post-graduate students (more than 50 %) and such department would need to contribute 50 % of total recommended budget.


DST - FIST

Level I: (Maximum Rs. 300 Lakhs)• University/Institute departments with active

teaching & research. • Moderate funding for improving teaching &

research quality.


DST - FIST

Level II (Maximum Rs. 1000 lakhs)• Well Established Department. • Substantial Fundng for State-of-The-Art

Equipment & for GLP

DST – PURSE: Promotion of University Research and Scientific

Excellence


FIST Support in the Country


Eight Basic Questions Reviewers Ask•How high are the intellectual quality and merit of the study?•What is its potential impact?•How novel is the proposal? If not novel, to what extent does potential impact overcome this lack? Is the research likely to produce new data and concepts or confirm existing hypotheses?

Writing Research Proposal


• Is the hypothesis valid and have you presented evidence supporting it?

• Are the aims logical?• Are the procedures appropriate, adequate,

and feasible for the research?• Are the investigators qualified? Have they

shown competence, credentials, and experience?

• Are the facilities adequate and the environment conducive to the research?



Developing a Research Plan:•Specific Aims•Background and Significance•Literature survey•Preliminary Studies •Research Design and Methods•Predicted outcome•Budget



Criteria for a Good Grant Proposal

• Most funding agencies apply similar criteria to the evaluation of proposals.

• A proposal which fails to meet them will be rejected regardless of the quality of its source. Major criteria

• Does the proposal address a well-formulated problem?

• Is it a research problem, or is it just a routine application of known techniques?

• Is it an important problem, whose solution will have useful effects?

• Is special funding necessary to solve the problem, or could it be solved using the normal resources of a well-found laboratory?



• Do the proposers have a good idea on which to base their work?

• The proposal must explain the idea in sufficient detail to convince the reader

• It is absolutely not enough merely to identify a wish-list of desirable goals (a very common fault). There must be significant technical substance to the proposal.



• Do the proposers have a good track record, both of doing good research and of publishing it?

• Absence of a track record is clearly not a disqualifying characteristic, especially in the case of young researchers, but a consistent failure to publish raises question marks.

• Thrust areas get priority.



• Finally, the committee tries to ensure that the budget is to be used in a cost-effective manner.

• Each proposal which has some chance of being funded is examined

• Committee may reduce the cost of project• Such cost reduction is likely to happen if the

major costs of staff and equipment are not given clear, individual justification.


Project Implementation

• Execution• Planning• Appointment of Project Fellows• Purchase of Equipment• Utilization Certificate• Claim for the subsequent years• Publication of findings• Final Report


Some Nobel laureates


Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore, 1913 for Gitanjali

First Non-European Nobel Laureate in Literature


Pearl Buck The Good Earth

Nobel Prize in Literature 1938


Amartya Sen (1998)

Noble Prize in Economics

Contribution: Research on fundamental problems in welfare economics. Studies of social choice, welfare measurement, and poverty


Marie Curie Sklodowska (1911)• Marie Skłodowska Curie was a Polish-born

French physicist and chemist famous for her work on radioactivity.

• She was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity and the first person honored with two Nobel Prizes—in physics and chemistry.

• Recieved two nobel prizes...one for physics in 1903 and other for chemistry in 1911.

(7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934)


Walther Hermann Nernst (1920)

• W. H. Nernst was a German physical chemist and physicist

• Known for his theories behind the calculation of chemical affinity as embodied in the third law of thermodynamics

• Nernst helped establish the modern field of physical chemistry and contributed to electrochemistry, thermodynamics, solid state chemistry and photochemistry.

• He is also known for developing the Nernst equation.


• explained Brownian motion in a way that definitively proves atomic theory.

Albert Einstien 1921


C. V. Raman (1930)

"A new radiation”, Indian J. Phys., 2 (1928) 387 gained him the Nobel Prize in Physics.


Sir Alexander Fleming (1945)

• The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945 was awarded "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases".


Linus Carl Pauling (1954)

• Linus Carl Pauling was an American chemist, peace activist, author and educator.

Pauling was among the first scientists to work in the fields of quantum chemistry and molecular biology.


Heyrovsky’s polarograph

Born December 20, 1890, Prague

DiedMarch 27, 1967 (aged 76),Cambridge, England

Nationality Czechoslovakia

Fields Electroanalytical Chemistry

Institutions Royal Air Force

Alma mater Charles University, University College, London

Known for Electroanalytical Chemistry

Notable awards Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1959)

The Father of Polarography

The crater Heyrovsky on the Moon is named after him

Jaroslav Heyrovsky(1959)


Watson, Crick & Wilkins 1962

• James D. Watson

and Francis Crick

proposed the structure of DNA, opening the door to the field of molecular biology


Robert Burns Woodward (1965)

• He Made many key contributions to modern organic chemistry, especially in the synthesis and structure determination of complex natural products.


Har Govind Khorana

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in1968 for Interpretation of Genetic Code and its function in protein synthesis


Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen (1987)

Developed and used molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity…introduced the field of supramolecules to the world…


"Supramolecular chemistry is the chemistry of the intermolecular bond, covering the structures and functions of the entities formed by the association of two or more chemical species"

J.-M- Lehn


Richard R. Ernst (1991)

• Nobel prize for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

• It has direct application in medicine field (MRI)


Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath (2009)

• The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 was awarded jointly to Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome".


Chemistry in our daily life


Current Thrust Areas

• Catalyst for Splitting of water under sunlight to produce hydrogen as an alternate source of energy

• Substitute for nuclear energy used for electricity production (recent incidence in Japan)

• Anti ageing drugs to prevent death• Drugs for curing AIDS and Cancer• Synthesis of materials for artificial human organs• Sensors for every element and molecule to do away

with pathlogical laboratories


University of Mumbai Interface of Colleges with Universites & National Agencies A. K. Srivastava Department of Chemistry University of Mumbai Vidyanagari,

Documents

education system education

schelling points

santacruz east mumbai

points of likely agreement

certain points of agreement

potential partners

social mobility good

net gains