UNIVERSITY OF KERALA DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY · PDF fileDEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY (University Departments and Affiliated Colleges) Master of Philosophy (PHILOSOPHY) Duration - 1 Year

UNIVERSITY OF KERALA

DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY

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DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY

(University Departments and Affiliated Colleges)

Master of Philosophy (PHILOSOPHY)

Duration - 1 Year (2 Semesters)

ELIGIBILITY

A pass in Masters Degree in Philosophy with minimum of 55%

marks in aggregate for General Category and 40% for SC/ST students.

M.Phil Degree in Philosophy is a research Degree primarily aimed at those

students intending to enroll for Ph.D programme. As such course is a pre-doctoral

degree course which is mainly based on research suitable for students endowed

with spirit of enquiry and critical thinking.

Chairman

Board of Studies

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M.PHIL. (Master of Philosophy) DEGREE COURSE IN

PHILOSOPHY

Scheme of Examination

SEMESTER I Paper Title Duration Marks

I

Methodology of Philosophical Research

and Writing 3 Hrs. 75

Seminar 15

Term Paper (Assignment) 10

Total 100

II

Classical Indian Epistemology and Logic 3 Hrs. 75

Seminar 15

Term Paper (Assignment) 10

Total 100

SEMESTER II

III

Optional Paper (Any one Paper )

OR

Book Review (Criteria Given)

3 Hrs. 75

Seminar 15 Term Paper (Assignment)

OR

Review Report 10

Total 100

TOTAL 300

DISSERTATION 300

VIVA VOCE 100

GRAND TOTAL 700

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Instruction to Question Paper Setters

1. Each question paper will be divided into two sections : section A (Essays) and Section B

(Short Essays)

2. Each paper will carry 75 marks

3. Students will answer from Section A; three out of five questions each from this section

will carry 15 marks each.

4. Students will answer from Section B; six out of eight questions each from this section

will carry 5 marks each.

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M.PHIL DEGREE SYLLABUS (Philosophy)

SEMESTER I

(Paper I and Paper II are compulsory Papers)

Paper I – Methodology of Philosophical Research and Writing

Paper II – Classical Indian Epistemology and Logic

SEMESTER II

(Choose one paper from the list of optional papers OR Book Review)

Paper III - OPTIONAL PAPERS

1. Analysis of philosophical concepts

2. Management Ethics

3. Philosophical Analysis of Psychology

4. Philosophy of Hermeneutics

5. Postmodernism – A Philosophical Study

6. Medical and Health Care Ethics

7. Philosophical Foundations of Logic

8. Philosophy of Law and Human Rights

OR

BOOK REVIEW (Follow the Criteria)

DISSERTATION

VIVA-VOCE

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SEMESTER I

PAPER - I

METHODOLOGY OF PHILOSOPHICAL RESEARCH AND WRITING

UNIT I - Introduction

a) Definition of research, research as an activity, independent individual initiative

essential in research activity.

b) Methodology and methods of research – relationship and differences.

c) Objectivity, narration and representation in philosophical writing.

UNIT II - Preliminaries

a) Personal qualities and values of a researcher - Curiosity and inquisitiveness, the

skill for reasoning and synthesis of ideas, genuineness and honesty in learning and

expression, the commitment to intellectual freedom and objectivity, commitment

to the quest of knowledge and its transmission for the benefit of all.

b) Selection of research topic - Discovering one’s interest in a specific area of study,

identifying the focal theme and the title of the work which should not be too

narrow and too broad.

c) Identifying the materials for study - Printed and electronic sources, Resource

persons capable of providing valuable information and tips on the topic.

UNIT III - Types of Research Papers

a) Descriptive

b) Prescriptive

c) Analytic

d) Comparative

e) Historical and expository.

UNIT IV- General Guidelines to writing research papers

a) Strategies of writing - Present the central theme in a thesis form.Define the key

terms in the titleFrame the questions that indicate the problems to be dealt with in

the work.Present reasoned defense to support all the arguments in the

paper.Anticipate counter arguments possible.Avoid plagiarism and rhetoric.

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b) Mechanics of writing - Preparation of a proper outline.Using clear and cogent

language to express the ideas precisely.Logical consistency and Coherence in

presentation.Altering, modifying and rewriting the script as necessary.Arranging

the citation and bibliographic entries in the proper order and according to the

prescribed rules and standards.

UNIT V - Citations and Bibliography

a) Differences between MLA and APA style - MLA style appropriate for humanities

research.

b) MLA rules of citations - parenthetical citations, quoting passages from reference

materials.

c) MLA rules of bibliographic entries -

a) Capitalizing titles.

b) Entries regarding different types of books

c) Entries regarding journals.

d) Entries regarding electronic publications.

UNIT VI - Common informal fallacies in writing research papers

a) Syntactical and semantic ambiguity –

b) Amphiboly and equivocation, Post hoc fallacy.

c) Fallacies of relevance - Argumentum ad ignoratiam, Argumentum ad homineum,

Argumentum ad verecundiam,

d) Ignoratio elenchi, Petitio principii (Begging the question), Hastey generalization

REFERENCES

1. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th edition. New Delhi: Affiliated East -

West Press.

2. Writing Philosophy Papers. Zachary Seech

3. Philosophical Writing. Martinich A.P

4. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertations. Turabian,Kate L and

Bonnie B. Honigsblum

5. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. Kothary C.R

6. Tips to Writing Philosophy Papers available on websites. For Unit VI

7. Introduction to Logic. Jain Krishna

8. Fundamentals of Philosophy, Stewart, David(ed)

9. Introduction to Logic, Copy,I.M

10. Thesis and Assignment Writing, Anderson, Durston, Poole

11. The Methodology of research in Philosophy Ramachandran T P

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PAPER- II

CLASSICAL INDIAN EPISTEMOLOGY AND LOGIC

UNIT I - Introduction

a) Indian concepts of knowledge in Orthodox and Heterodox System

b) Cognition –Valid and Invalid, Concept of Pramanas

c) Status of cognition in Jagrat, Swapna, Susupti stages – Subjectivist and

Objectivist view

UNIT II – Debate about Knowledge

a) The nature, origin (utpatti) and ascertainment (jnapti) of validity.

b) Concept of Savisayatva, Sakaratva and Swaprakaratva, Paraprakasatva.

c) Pramana Vyavastha & Pramana Samplava.

UNIT III – Knowledge and Language

a) Formal factors of language – Akanksa, Yogyata, Samnidhi and Tatparya

b) Ways of obtaining denotative meaning of words – Yaugika, Rudha, Yogarudha,

Yaugikarudha

c) Sakthi and Lakshana

d) Views of grammarian school of Nyaya – Sabdabodha

UNIT IV – Philosophy of Language

a) Sphota theory of Barthrhari

b) Anvitabhidanavada and Abhihitanvayavada

c) Dhvani – Abhidha – Vyanjana – Laksana – Apohavada

d) Navya-Nyaya theory of language

UNIT V – Indian Logic

a) Science of inquiry (anviksiki) – Atmavidya.Theory of reasons, logical aspects of

inquiry, Terms of scientific argument, Method of debate (vadavidhi).

b) Science of true reasoning (Nyaya-sastra) - Treatment of categories, Members of a

syllogism (Avayava), Ascertainment(Nirnaya), Fallacy(Hetvabhasa),Words and

meanings(Sabdartha)

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UNIT VI – Pramanasastra

a) Science of right knowledge(Pramana-sastra), Jaina logic, Syad vada(Doctrine of

relativity of knowledge), Explanation of naya (mood of statements) - Buddhist logic,

logical doctrines of akasapada, Acarya Dignaga’s Pramana samuchaya vritti

b) Science of dialectics (Tarka-sastra) – Nature and kinds of tarka (hypothetical

reasoning)- Nyaya prakarana, Vaisesika prakarana, fallacy of

reason(Hetvabhasa),Five kinds of fallacies, Navya-Nyaya logic – Kinds of abhava.

REFERENCES

1. The concept of knowledge, Debabrata Sen

2. The spirit of Indian philosophy N V Banarjee

3. Indian Theories of meaning Kunjunni Raja

4. Meaning and Knowledge Rachappa I Ingalalli

5. Indian Logic Dr. B.N.Singh

6. A Modern Introduction to logic S S Barlingay

7. A History of Indian Logic S.Chandra Vidyabhusana

8. The Navya Nyaya Logic Vibha Gaur

9. Methods of Logic W.V.Quine

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SEMESTER II

OPTIONAL PAPERS

PAPER - I

ANALYSIS OF PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTS

UNIT I – Meaning and Definition

a) The concept of meaning, word meaning and the relation of words to things

b) Definition of definition- Aristotle’s view, definition by equivalent words, characteristics

and scope of definition

c) Types of definition – causal and stipulative. Definition by denotation, osteusive

definition

UNIT II – Concept of Knowledge

a) The sources of knowledge

b) Definition of Knowledge

c) The problem of subject-object distinction

UNIT III - Concept of Truth

a) Absolutist vs Relativist view

b) Truth as a property of innate ideas

c) Empiricist critique- correspondence and coherence theories

d) Pragmatic theory of truth

e) The standard of verifiability and rejection of metaphysics

UNIT IV – The concept of Mind and Matter

a) Different positions of mind

b) Knowledge of other minds-universal mind and individual mind

c) Phenominalism/idealism vs Realism

d) Berkeley’s rejection of physical subsractum

e) Arguments from commonsense

UNIT V – Concept of Cause

a) Universality of causation

b) Theories of causation- regularity, entailment, activity

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c) Kant’s transcendental view of causation

UNIT VI – Concept of Space and Time

a) Absolute vs Relative theory

b) Kant’s conception of space and time

c) Concept of moderm physics – uncertainty principle

REFERENCES

1. An Introduction to philosophical analysis John Hospers

2. The fundamental questions of Philosophy A C Ewing

3. Fundamentals of Philosophy David Stwart,H Gene Blocker,

James Petrik

4. Problems of Philosophy G Watts Cunningham

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PAPER - II

MANAGEMENT ETHICS

UNIT I – Introduction

a) Ethical Rules, Ethical Dilemmas– Ethical reasoning

b) Formation of Values: Values and Skills, Values-Attitudes-Behaviour

c) Crisis management, Change management, Conflict management.

UNIT II – Management ethical principles

a) Fayol’s Principles of management ,Significance of management principles

b) Scientific management and techniques – Guiding principles of Global ethics

UNIT III – Corporate Ethics and Management

a) Nature and Scope of Corporate management, Need for corporate management

b) Corporate Planning - Corporate ethics Programs

c) Corporate social responsibility

UNIT IV – Ethical Issues in Management

a) Types of Management Ethics (Immoral, Moral, Amoral), Improving ethical behaviour

b) Values and Attitudes, Work values, Attitude formation, Work attitudes and Job

satisfaction.

UNIT V – Stress management and communication

a) Causes of stress, Consequences of Stress, Managing Stress

b) Managerial Communication, Elements of Active Listening, Improving Listening Skills

c) Communication plan.

REFERENCES

1. Ethics in Management Dr. Brijraj Sinh. P. Gohil

2. Managerial Ethics Rajiv Bajaj

3. Corporate Management-Ethics and Governance P.K. Saha

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4. IT Ethics Handbook Stephen Northcutt

5. Management by Values Chakraborty

6. Business Ethics and Corporate Governance S.K. Bhatia

7. Principles of Ethics P. Chatterjee

PAPER - III

PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOLOGY

UNIT I – Introduction

a) Philosophical basis of Western Psychology – Greek Psychology, Medieval Psychology,

Contemporary Schools of Psychology.

b) Problems of Western Psychology – Materialistic Monism, Epiphenomenalism, Extra-

sensory Perception, Heredity versus Environment, Mental Hygiene and Abnormal

Psychology, Circumscribed view of Life.

c) Philosophy of psycho analysis and Behaviorism – Types and Causes of Abnormal

Behaviour – Sigmund Freud, William James, Alfred Adler, C.G. Jung, John .B Watson

UNIT II – Problems and Theories of Consciousness

a) Problems of Consciousness – Qualia, Inverted Spectrum, Zombie Argument, Explanatory

Gap and the Knowledge Argument, Reductionism and Non-reductionism

b) Theories of Consciousness – Traditional theories: Dualism, Behaviourism, Identity

theories, Higher order thought theories, Representationalist theories, Non-physical

theorie

c) Neuro-biological approaches to Consciousness – Cognitive Theories – Neuro-correlative

Consciousness,A commonsense theory of mind-body interaction

UNIT III – Philosophical basis of Indian psychology

a) Vedic Psychology of Mantras: Karma kanda and Jnana kanda - Upanisadic Monism

b) Hetrodox view of Psychology – Buddhist Psychology: Levels of Consciousness – Jaina

Psychology: Nature of Consciousness

c) Orthodox View of Psychology: Nyaya psychology: states of consciousness, Vaisesika

psychology: Factors of Personality, Samkhya Psychology

d) Vedanta psychology: Advaita theory of Consciousness, Visistadvaita view on nature of

Consciousness

UNIT IV – Yoga and Psychology

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a) Personality in Yoga: Concept of Citta, Philosophy of Klesas, Complete Integration in

Trans-ego State

b) Yoga and Psychoanalysis: Scientific Evolution of Psychoanalysis, Freud’s discoveries, Pan-

sexualism, Pan-determinism, Super-ego, Therapeutic Value

c) Modern Psychology and Superconscious State: Inconsistency in Freud and Jung, The

Superconscious Ignored, Samadhi State in Yoga

UNIT V –Contemporary Indian Thinkers in Psychology

a) Swami Vivekanantha – Power of Human mind and concentration

b) Sri Aurobindo - Integration of Personality

c) Tagore – Soul-Consciousness and Self Consciousness

d) Dr.Radhakrishnan – Intuition and Sense experience, Intellectual Cognition, Intuitive

Apprehension

e) J. Krishnamurti – Conditioned and Unconditioned Mind, Awakening of Intelligence,

Choiceless Awareness

REFERENCES

1. Indian Psychology Reghunath Safaya

2. Theories of Consciousness William Seager

3. A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness Bernard J. Baars

4. Functionalism and Qualia Sydney Shoemaker

5. Some Reductive Strategies in Cognitive Neurobiology Paul M. Churchland

6. An introduction to Psychology Gardner Murphy

7. Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life James C. Coleman

8. Yoga and Depth Psychology I.P. Sachdeva

9. Theories of Development- Concept and Applications William C. Crain

10. Introduction to psychology Norman Munn, Dodge Fernald Peter

Fernald, Leonard Carmichael

11. Philosophy of Mind (A Psychological Analysis) Mahendra Chaturvedi

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PAPER - IV

PHILOSOPHY OF HERMENEUTICS

UNIT I Introduction

a) What is Hermeneutics: Definition of Hermeneutics, Types of Hermeneutics

b) Hermeneutic Tradition: Phenomenology, Language, Hermeneutics

c) Problems of Hermeneutics:World of Text, Semantics of Action, Ethics of Action Theory

d) Hermeneutic theory since the Enlightenment

UNIT II Western Backgrounds of Hermeneutics

a) Traditional view of Hermeneutics: Greek hermeneutics, Medieval Influence

b) Modern Background of Hermeneutics: Descartes, Kant, Hegel

c) Phenomenological Ideas of Hermeneutics: Husserl and Heideger

d) Transcendental Turn in Hermeneutics: Linguistic Analysis of Austin, Ryle and Habermas

UNIT III Thinkers on Philosophical Hermeneutics

a) Friedrich Schleirmarcher: Analysis of understanding and Expression

b) Dilthey: Historical Hermeneutics

c) Gadamer: Truth and Method

d) Paul Ricoeur: Phenomenology of Freedom as Self-determinism

e) Derrida: Styles of Deconstruction

UNIT IV Indian Theories of Hermeneutics

a) Vedic Language and Hermeneutics

b) Sutras of Panini - Paribhasa

c) Gita – an Exemplification of Hermeneutics

d) Nyaya-Vaisesika Theory of Language and Interpretation

e) Advaita Interpretation of Srutipratijna

f) Navya Nyaya Theory of Interpretation

UNIT V Transcendence and Hermeneutics

a) Transcending-Thinking as Hermeneutic Philosophizing

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b) Philosophical Faith and Christian Faith

c) Philosophical and Cognitive Transcending

d) Hermeneutic Transformation of Phenomenology

REFERENCES:

1. Introduction to Hermeneutics (Philosophy and Method) J.J. Shukla

2. Existence and Hermeneutics Paul Ricoer

3. Beyond Hermeneutics Herbert Dreffus

4. Contemporary Hermeneutics Josef Bleicher

5. Hermeneutics –Writing and Lectures, Vol.2 Paul Ricoer

6. Indian Theories of Hermeneutics P.C Muraleemadhavan

7. Studies in Phenomenology, Hermeneutics and Deconstruction Sundara Rajan

8. Transcendence and Hermeneutics Alan M. Olson

9. Phenomenology Responses and Developments Ed. Leonard Lawlor

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PAPER - V

POSTMODERNISM – A PHILOSOPHICAL STUDY

UNIT I Introduction

a) Definition of the Term ‘Modernity’ and ‘Modernism’

b) Rise of Postmodernism – Definition and Scope of Postmodernism

c) Influence of Technologies in Knowledge, Pragmatics in Scientific Knowledge

d) Post and Modern, Post Enlightenment, Post Discourse

UNIT II Characteristics of Postmodernism

a) New Ways of Seeing the World

b) Themes of Postmodernism – Anti-Foundationalism, Rejection of Metanarratives

c) Critique of Binary Opposites as the Foundation of Modernist Ideology

d) Critique of Absolutism – Logocentricism – Metaphysics of Presence

UNIT III Views on Structuralism and Post Structuralism

a) The Role of Language

b) Critical Theory: Frankfurt School

c) Saussure and Lingustic Structure

d) Structuralism: Levi-strauss

e) Post structuralism

UNIT IV Postmodernity: A Report on Knowledge

a) Post-metaphysical Philosophy - Deconstructive and Reconstructive

b) Feminist Philosophy and Radical Phlosophy

c) Challenge to the bases of Consensus and representation

d) Methodological issues concerning Modern and Postmodern

e) Subjectivity, Categories and Representation

UNIT V Postmodern Thinkers

a) Jean-Francois Lyotard – Discourse, Postmodern Condition

b) Jacques Derrida: Deconstruction, Intertextuality

c) Michel Foucault: Power, Knowledge and authority, Sexuality

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d) Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari – Schizoanalysis as a Method

REFERENCES:

1.Postmodernism,or,The cultural logic of Late Capitalism Fredric Jameson

2.Postmodernism for Biginners Jim Powell

3. Philosophy Modern and Postmodern R. P. Singh

4. Postmodernism and Contemporary Indian English Novel Dr. Suresh D.Wakchaure

5. Modern Critical Thought Drew Milne (ed)

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PAPER - VI

MEDICAL AND HEALTH CARE ETHICS

UNIT I Introduction

a) History, Theories and Methods of Bio ethics,

b) Tools of medical ethics - Non-maleficence, Beneficence, Autonomy, Confidentiality,

Justice, Human rights

c) Moral Consciousness – Peculiar Characteristics of Moral Consciousness.

UNIT II Environmental Health Ethics

a) An overview of environmental health

b) Genetic Engineering, Food nutrition, the built environment

c) Climate change, justice and environmental health.

UNIT III Stewardship Ethics

a) Science and technology, concept of development, changing quality of life

b) Approaches to environment, Anthropocentrism,

c) Bio-centricism, Eco-centrism

d) Ethics of care.

UNIT IV Bio-medical Ethics

a) Bio medical Technology - life and death issues, sanctity and quality of life

b) Bio-ethical issues – Abortion - Moral and legal issues , Birth control measures

c) Artificial Reproductive Technology - In vitro fertilisation, Surrogacy

UNIT V Health Crisis

a) Better living, Natural living, Yoga for good health

b) Health insurance, Human enhancement Technologies

c) Gandhiji’s teaching on health - Vegetarianism

d) Medical research- Research on minorities and women, Informed consent, Ethics

committee, ICMR guidelines

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REFERENCES:

1. Bio-Ethics: An Introduction of the Bio-Sciences Ben Mepham

2. The Philosophy of Ethics Simon S Laurie

3. Health Management C V Jayamani

4. Bio-Ethics-An Anthology Helga Kuhse & Peter Singer (ed)

5. Medical Ethics C M Fransis (ed)

6. An Introduction to medical Ethics Routledge

7. Practical Ethics Peter Singer

PAPER - VII

PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF LOGIC

UNIT I Introduction

a) Philosophy and Logic – Modern Logic , Epistemology, Ontology

b) Relevance of Formal Logic to the Philosophic Enterprise

UNIT II Philosophy and Language

a) Uses of Language, Three basic functions of Language

b) Emotive Neutral Language - Euphemism

c) Logical Language - Limitations and Capabilities

UNIT III Logic of Relations

a) Symbolizing Relations, Arguments Involving Relations, Attributes of Relations

b) Identity and Definite Descriptions

c) Predicate Variables and Attributes of Attributes

UNIT IV Set Theory and Axioms

a) The Algebra of Classes, Axioms for Class Algebra

b) Natural Numbers and the Axiom of Infinity

c) Cardinal Numbers and the Choice Axiom

d) Ordinal Numbers and the Axioms of Replacement and Regularity

UNIT V Propositional Calculus

a) Object Language and Meta language

b) Primitive Symbols and Well formed Formulas

c) Axioms and Demonstrations

d) Deductive Completeness

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REFERENCES:

1. Modern Logic – Its Relevance to Philosophy Daya Krishna

2. Introduction to Logic 7th edition I.M. Copy

3. Philosophy of Logic Susan Hack

4. Symbolic Logic 5th edition I.M. Copy

5. The Language and Grammer of Logic John h. Piet

PAPER - VIII

PHILOSOPHY OF LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS

UNIT I - Introduction

a) Nature and Definition of Law

b) Philosophical Background of Law, Necessity of Law in Society

c) Nature and Content of Human Rights

d) Theories of Human Rights

UNIT II - Philosophy of Law

a) Traditional Approach to Law

b) Modern Approach to Law

c) Metaphysical Principles of Law

d) Ethical Values of Law

UNIT III - Significance of Philosophy of Law

a) Kohler’s Philosophy of Law

b) Relations of Law to Human Culture

c) Law and Principles of Jurisprudence

d) Philosophy of Law and Culture

UNIT IV - Philosophy of Human Rights

a) Historical Development of Human Rights

b) Philosophy of Fundamental Rights

c) Human Rights Principles in Indian Constitution

d) Social and Cultural Rights and Optional Protocol

e) UN Human Rights Declaration: Human Rights Commission

UNIT V - Ethics of Law and Human Rights

a) Law and Ethics

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b) Law and Violence

c) Ethics, Law and Desire

d) Moral Law and the Good

REFERENCES:

1. An Introduction to Philosophy of Law Joseph Kohler

2. An Introduction to Jurisprudence Manoranjan Pande

3. Law, Ethics and The Biopolitical Amy Swiffen

4. Human Rights-Comment and Interpretation Allan Wngate

5. The United Nations and Human Rights: A Critical Appraisal Philip Alston (ed)

6. Text book of Legal Philosophy of Law Joseph Kohler

7. System of Legal Philosophy Joseph Kohler

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BOOK REVIEW - (CRITERIA)

Aim: To facilitate the learner’s interest and analytical skill to make a thorough study of

philosophical classics.

Objectives:

To guide the learners to make their study of reference materials systematically.

To train the learners to prepare notes on essential themes and points covered in the study

materials used.

To make the learners acquainted with the historical significance of the classical works in

philosophy.

To enhance learners’ critical evaluation faculties about a particular theme/area in

philosophy.

To evolve a coherent and reflective writing skill in the learner about a specific area of

knowledge.

Nature of the materials prescribed for review.

Classics in philosophy.

Original works of philosophers.

Other works related to philosophy.

(Edited works, Anthologies, Biographies etc. to be avoided)

Nature and components of the Review Report to be submitted:

The candidate has to submit a review report in typescript containing not less than 10

pages but not exceeding 20 pages.

• The Review Report should contain the following:

i) A study of the life and contributions of the author of the work reviewed.

ii) A detailed note on the historical significance of the work reviewed.

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iii) A note on the special features of the work.

iv) A note on the perspective/theory/system dealt with in the work reviewed.

v) Summary of the chapters in the work.

vi) A critical estimate and relevance of the work.

Books for review (Some samples for information only)

1. R.K Tripathi: Philosophical Reasoning and Common Sense, Academic Publishers, Varanasi

2. Richard E.Creel : Thinking Philosophically, Blackwell Publishers 3. B.K.Motilal : Logic, Language and Reality, Indian Philosophy and Contemporary issues,

Motilal Publication, Delhi 4. Javier Echenique : Aristotle’s ethics and moral responsibility, Cambridge University

Press.UK 5. R.Sundararajan : Phenomenology, Hermeneutics and deconstruction, ICPR, New Delhi

(Candidates can select books according to their choice)