University of Birmingham Master class,23rd Ravjeet Kour Journey into the heart of matter Introducing Particle Physics
University of Birmingham Master class,23rd April 2008 Ravjeet Kour Journey into the heart of matter Introducing Particle Physics.
Dec 21, 2015
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University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
Journey into the heart of matter
IntroducingParticle Physics
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
Topics
Fundamental particle
Leptons & quarks
PropertiesAntiparticlesForces in natureCarrier of the forces
Properties
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
So what is particle physics?
Everything in the universe is made of Particle of matter: called fundamental Particles
Particle Physics : Study these Particle
Work out how they interact to make the Universe look and behave the way it does
Fundamental elements
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
What is fundamental
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
Standard model 6 quarks, 6 leptons
Every particle is associated with the antiparticle
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
Anti particles
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
Quarks have fractional charge
Each quark has its anti particle
Carry another type of charge: colour charge
(P = uud = 2/3+2/3-1/3=1)
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
colour charge
o Quarks & gluons are colour charge particles
o Two close quark exchange gluons colour force field
3 colour charges
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
Properties
Each quark has one of the colour Red + blue +green = colour neutral
(baryon)Gluon (emission + absorption) changes colour
Colour is conserved
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
What holds it
Murray Gell-Mann (b. 1929)
together
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
what hold it Together
Four fundamental forces• Electromagnetism• Strong• Weak• Gravity
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
Electromagnetism
• Force between the two charges• unlike charge attract• like charge repel• Carrier particle are photons• Photons has zero mass& travel with speed of light
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
Strong forcesAttractive force between the nucleonsThis force overcome the repulsive force within an nucleusHold the quarks togetherto form hadronsCarrier particles are calledGluons (8 gluons)
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
Weak forces
Causes massive quarks & leptons to decay into lighter onesForce carriers are W+,W- & ZResponsible for flavour change ( when quark or lepton changes type)
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
Gravity
• Acts between all particles
with mass
• Carrier are the
Gravitons ??
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
conclusion
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
Need for accelerators & detectors
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
Any questions ?
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
Leptons
• Six type which come in three pair• without color• Tau and muon heavier than electron• Spin ½ particles
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
Gluons
• gluon animation
(a). As the quark propagates through nuclear matter, it loses energy by emitting gluons (b) and creating pairs of quarks and anti-quarks (c). As the system begins to return to equilibrium, two-quark systems (pions) are formed
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
Gluons
• Carry colour / anticolour pair
• 8 gluons
University of BirminghamMaster class,23rd April 2008
Ravjeet Kour
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