University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore ICAR ...watershed.kar.nic.in/SujalaIII_LRI_Pavagada Taluk/7 Bugaduru-5.pdfDr. Prabhudev Dhumgond Mr. Mallikarjuna Malagi Mr. G. S. Prasanna

Land Resource Inventory of Buguduru 5 Micro-watershed Pavagada Taluk, Tumkur District, Karnataka

University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore

ICAR - National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Bangalore Watershed Development Department, Govt. of Karnataka, Bangalore

Contents

Chapter Page Chapter Page

Contributors i 5.11. Available Iron 22

How to read and use the atlas ii 5.12. Available Manganese 22

Physical, Cultural and Scientific symbols used iii 5.13. Available Zinc 22

1. Introduction 1-2 5.14. Available Boron 23

2. General Description of the Micro-watershed 3-9 6. Land Capability Classification 24

2.1.Location and Extent 3 7. Land Suitability for Agricultural Crops 25-27

2.2.Climatic data 4-5 7.1. Land Suitability for Castor 25

2.3.Geology 6 7.2 . Land Suitability for Ground nut 25

2.4.Satellite Image 7 7.3 . Land Suitability for Maize 25

2.5.Cadastral map 8 7.4 . Land Suitability for Paddy 25

2.6.Current Land use 9 7.5 . Land suitability for Ragi 26

3. Survey Methodology 10 7.6 . Land Suitability for Red gram 26

4. Soil Survey Interpretations 11-18 8. Land Suitability for Horticulture Crops 27-29

4.1.Surface Soil Texture 11 8.1. Land Suitability for Amla 27

4.2.Slope 12 8.2 . Land Suitability for Cashew 27

4.3.Soil Erosion 13 8.3 . Land Suitability for Coconut 27

4.4. Soil Gravelliness 14 8.4 . Land Suitability for Custard apple 27

4.5.Soil Depth 15 8.5 . Land Suitability for Guava 28

4.6.Soils 16 8.6 . Land Suitability for Jackfruit 28

4.7.Soil Map Unit Description 17-18 8.7 . Land Suitability for Jamun 28

5. Soil Fertility Status 19-23 8.8 . Land Suitability for Lime 28

5.1.Soil Reaction (pH) 19 8.9 . Land Suitability for Mango 29

5.2. Electrical Conductivity 20 8.10. Land Suitability for Musambi 29

5.3. Organic Carbon 20 8.11 . Land Suitability for Sapota 29

5.4. Available Nitrogen 20 8.12 . Land Suitability for Tamarind 29

5.5. Available Phosphorus 20 9. Land Management Unit 30

5.6. Available Potassium 21 10. Proposed Crop Plan (Table) 31-33

5.7. Exchangeable Calcium 21 11. Location of wells 34

5.8. Exchangeable Magnesium 21 12. Conservation Plan 35

5.9. Available Sulphur 21 13. Water Budgeting 36

5.10. Available Copper 22 14. Conclusion 37

i

Sujala-III Project

Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore – 560065

Report Preparation

Dr. V. R. Ramakrishna Parama Dr. S. N. Anil Kumar

Dr. A. Sathish Dr. J. Venkate Gowda

Er. G. S. Praveen Dr. Prabhudev Dhumgond

Er. N. K. Rajesh Kumar Mr. G. M.Veerendra Patel

Ms. G. P. Geetha Mr. H. M. Vinod Kumar

Field Work

Dr. T. Chikkaramappa Dr. C. Vijay Kumar

Mr. P. K. Kiran Kumar Mr. A. Prakasha

Mr. U. Vishwa Mr. Shashank

GIS Work

Dr. A .Sathish Er. K. T. Aruna

Er. G. S. Praveen Mr. P. V. Vinay Kumar

Er. Y. Shruthi Mrs. M. Jyothirmai

Er. K. S. Rakesh Er. G.P. Nithin Ms. H. Preethi

Laboratory Analysis

Dr. V. R. Ramakrishna Parama Ms. G. P. Geetha

Dr. Prabhudev Dhumgond Mr. Mallikarjuna Malagi

Mr. G. S. Prasanna Ms. T. Manasa

Mr. G.S. Shiva Kumar Mrs. M. A. Lalithamma

Mr. B. S. Shashi Kumar Mrs. N. Geethashree

Soil & Water Conservation

Er. N. K. Rajesh Kumar Er. G. S. Praveen

Consultants

Mr. T. P. Kiran Kumar Mr. B. Nagaraju Dr. G. Maruthi Shankar

Watershed Development Department, GoK

Mr. Rajiv Ranjan, IFS, Project Director and Commissioner, WDD Dr. Surya Deo Pathak, IFS, Executive Director, WDD

ICAR, NBSS&LUP, Regional Centre, Bangalore

Dr. Rajendra Hegde Dr. K. V. Niranjana

Mrs. R.Vasundhara

ii

The land resource inventory of Buguduru 5

micro-watershed (Pavagada Taluk, Tumkur district) AESR

8.2 was undertaken to provide comprehensive site- specific

cadastral level information useful for farm level planning,

watershed planning and integrated development of the

watershed under Sujala–III, Karnataka Watershed

Development Project- II.

This atlas contains basic information on kinds of

soils, their geographic distribution, characteristics and

classification. The soil map and soil based thematic maps

derived from data on soil depth, soil texture, soil

gravelliness, slope, erosion, land capability, land suitability

for various crops and land use maps are presented. The

maps on fertility status viz. soil reaction, salinity (EC),

organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,

sulphur, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, available

copper, manganese, zinc, iron, boron are derived on

analysis of surface soils sampled at 250 m grid spacing

within the micro-watershed.

The atlas illustrates maps and tables that depict

the soil resources of the watershed and the need for their

sustainable management.

The user, depending on his/her requirement can

refer this atlas first by identifying his/her field and survey

number on the village soil map and by referring to the soil

legend which is provided in tabular form after the soil map

for details pertaining to his/her area of interest.

The atlas explains in simple terms the different

kinds of soils present in the watershed, their potentials and

problems through a series of thematic maps that help to

develop site-specific plans as well as the need to conserve

and manage this increasingly threatened natural resource

through sustainable land use management. The land

resource atlas contains database collected at land

parcel/survey number level on soils, climate, water,

vegetation, crops and cropping patterns, socio-economic

conditions, marketing facilities etc. helps in identifying soil

and water conservation measures required, suitability of

crops and other uses and finally for preparing viable and

sustainable land use options for each and every land parcel.

For easy map reading and understanding of the

information contained in different maps, the physical,

cultural and scientific symbols used in the maps are

illustrated in the form of colors, graphics and tables

How to read and use the Atlas

iii

Physical, Cultural and Scientific symbols used in the Atlas

Inset map

Inset provided in each map conveys

its strategic location i.e. Taluk, Sub-

watershed and Micro-watershed.

Map title

Map title conveys the relevance of

thematic information presented along

with a graphical scale, geographical

location and watershed details in text

form.

Legends and symbols

Two legends accompany each map, a

map reference, which depicts

geographic features and a thematic

legend which portrays spatial

information. Picking up the symbol

and colour of a particular unit

enables one to choose the legends to

obtain the required information.

Map colours

Different shades of colours are used

as an aid to distinguish the different

classes of soils, crop suitability and

other maps.

Map key

There are many thematic types to be

differentiated on the map solely

based on colour. Therefore soils and

suitability types and their limitations

are distinguished by colours with a

combination of alpha-numeric

characters.

Soil Units

The soil map may be read at different

levels. The most detailed level is that

of the soil phase. Soil phases are

distinguished within soil series mainly

based on differences in surface of soil

texture, slope, gravelliness, erosion,

etc.

Land Management Units (LMU)

Grouping of similar soil areas based on

their soil-site characteristics into

management units that respond

similarly for a given level of

management are designated as land

management units.

Soil and plot boundaries

Soil units shown on the map are

represented by both the color and a

numeral. The soil boundaries are

superimposed on land parcel with

revenue survey number boundaries to

visualize its spatial extent.

Each map in the atlas is complemented with physical, cultural and scientific symbols to facilitate easy map reading.

1

Land resource inventory of Buguduru 5 micro-watershed Pavagada Taluk, Tumkur

district for Micro watershed planning-A study by UAS, Bangalore

Soil and water are the two precious natural resources which

are essential for crop production and existence of life on earth. Rainfed

agriculture is under severe stress due to various constraints related to

agriculture like uneven and erratic distribution of rainfall, indiscriminate

use of fertilizers, chemicals and pesticides, adoption of improper land

management practices, soil erosion, decline in soil fertility, decline in

ground water resources leading to low crop productivity.

The area under rainfed agriculture has to be managed

effectively using the best available practices to enhance the production of

food, fodder and fuel. This is possible if the land resources are

characterized at each parcel of land through detailed land resource

inventory using the best available techniques of remote sensing, GPS and

GIS.

The watershed development programs are aimed at the

sustainable distribution of its resources and the process of creating and

implementing plans, programs, and projects to sustain and enhance

watershed functions that affect the plant, animal and human communities

within a watershed boundary.

An appropriate Natural Resources Management (NRM) plan

has been prepared. It is essential to assist in the planning for future land

use, particularly agriculture, because it assesses the land resource and its

potential for sustainable agricultural production. Land Resource Inventory

(LRI) has been carried out based on five physical factors rock, soil, slope,

erosion type & severity and vegetation, which is the basis of assessing

land resources. LRI helps in grouping together areas where similar land

resource exists on ground, which require the same kind of management,

the same kind and intensity of conservation treatment and same kind of

crops, pasture or forestry species, with similar yield potentials.

Tumkur district is located in the southern half of the State, lies

between the latitudinal parallels of 120 45’ North and 140 22’ North and

the longitudinal parallels of 760 24’ East and 770 30’ East with an area of

10,598 km2. The shape of the district is irregular and has a peculiar feature

in that the north-eastern portion is totally detached from the remaining

areas of the district. This portion constituting Pavagada taluk is almost

surrounded on all sides by territories belonging to Andhra Pradesh, but for

the fact that on its western border for a very short stretch it touches

Chitradurga district, Pavagada would have been an enclave territory.

Tumkur district is bounded on the north by Anantpur district of Andhra

Pradesh on the east by the districts of Kolar and Bangalore, on the south

by Mandya district and on the west and north-west by the districts of

Hassan and Chitradurga. In the mid-west, Chikmagalur district too

touches this district and shares a common border though only for a very

short distance. Major crops grown in Tumkur district are Paddy, Ragi,

Maize, Cereals, Minor Millets, Pulses, Groundnut and Coconut.

Introduction

2

The University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore carried out land resource inventory of Buguduru 5 micro-watershed, Ryapate

sub-watershed in Pavagada Taluk, Tumkur district. It was selected for data base generation under batch V (IWMP) of Sujala III project.

Buguduru 5 micro-watershed (4C3H3B3f) is a part of Ryapate sub-watershed covering an area of 264 ha and spread across Buguduru,

Kambalahalli, Kyataganakere and Timmammanahalli villages.

The major landforms identified in the micro-watershed are undulating uplands, mid land and low lands. The database was

generated by using cadastral map of the village as a base along with high resolution satellite imagery [Cartosat-1 PAN 2.5 mts and

Resourcesat-2 LISS-IV MX merged Image]

The objectives of the land resource inventory, carried out in Buguduru 5 micro watershed during 2017 are indicated below.

Detailed characterization of all the land resources like soil, water, land use, cropping pattern and other resources available at

parcel level in the village

Delineation of homogenous areas based on soil-site characteristics into management units

Collection and interpretation of climatic and agronomical data for crop planning

Identification of problems and potentials of the area and strategies for their management

Assessment of the suitability of land resources for various crops and other uses

Establishment of village level digital land resources database in a GIS framework

Enable the watershed and other line departments to prepare an action plan for the integrated development of the watershed

3

Agro Ecological Sub Region (AESR) 8.2:

The micro-watershed is located in Central Karnataka

plateau, hot, moist, semi-arid eco-sub region, Southern

Plateau and Hill Region.

Agro-climatic Zone 4: Eastern Dry Zone

The agroclimatic zone 4 (Tumkur, Madhugiri, Pavagada,

Kortagere, Chikkanayakanahalli and Sira) extends over all

the six taluks of Tumkur district and four districts of

Chitradurga, Davangere, Chickmagalur and Hassan. The

total geographical area of the zone is about 19,43,830 ha

of which 12,93,011 ha is under cultivation with 2,51,270

ha under irrigation. Most of the zone is at an elevation of

800-900 m above msl in major areas, in remaining areas

450-800 m above msl. Average annual rainfall of the zone

ranges from 455.5 to 717.4 mm. The major soils are red

sandy loams and shallow to deep black soil. The main

cropping season is Kharif.

Buguduru 5 micro-watershed (Ryapate sub-watershed, Pavagada Taluk, Tumkur District) is located at North latitude 140 12’ 30.996” and

140 14’ 3.782” and East longitude 770 21’ 33.193” and 770 23’ 1.412” covering an area of 264 ha and spread Buguduru, Kambalahalli, Kyataganakere

and Timmammanahalli villages.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE MICRO-WATERSHED

Location and Extent

Temperature : 18 – 38 degree Celsius

Annual Normal Rainfall : 598.5 mm

South West Monsoon : June to September

North East Monsoon : October to December

Pre Monsoon : January to May

Rainfall trend and seasonal distribution of rainfall of Buguduru 5 of Pavagada taluk

4

Moisture

Week (Jun-May) 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Dry Mod dry Moist Humid Season Weeks

SW Monsoon 1 to 17

NE Monsoon 18 to 30

Pre Monsoon 31 to 52

Rainfall, PET & Length of Growing period of Buguduru 5 of Pavagada taluk

Length of Growing period : 150 days

5

Ra

infa

ll &

PE

T (

mm

)

Days in weeks

Geology Geology - Karnataka state

The geology of Karnataka lay widespread in

5 major eras, namely the Archean, Proterozoic, Mesozoic

and the Ceonzoic. The geology of Karnataka is largely

confined to the two oldest eras; the Archean and the

Proterozic. The rest of the great periods from Cambian to

recent are hardly represented but for minor sediments of

recent age exposed along the coastal margin to the West.

A substantial part of North Karnataka is covered by

Deccan trap, representing phenomenal outburst of

volcanic activity at the dawn of the Cenozoic era.

Geology – Tumkur [Arechean Complex]

Tumkur district is situated right on the arechaean complex and the geology of the area is fairly

simple the rock formations belonging to the archaean complex are represented by the crysalline schist, the

granitic gneisses and the newer granites. The crysalline schist on the district from the southern extension of the

well-defined Chitradurga schist belt of the Dharwar system which are the oldest members of the archaean

complex. Apart from the main central schist belt formed to the east of the district and the many patches of schist

scattered in the gneissic complex and some patches are highly metamorphosed and formation is extension to the

west of the district. The schist belt is composed of chloritic schist, micaceous schist, quartzites, limestones and

ferruginous quartzites, these are basic and intermediate types of volcanic rocks. One of the interesting

happening are flows and minor intrusions. Lately, a pillow structure has been recognised in some of the flows

in the district. Diopside, hyperthene, varieties of garnets, cordierite, silliminate and corundum have developed

giving rise to several interesting rock types. These rock types are highly metamorphosed phases of impure

agrillitic sediments. The major portion of the district is covered by this complex of granitic gneisses which are

classes under separate group named peninsular gneiss. These are composed of major components like banded

gneisses, granitic gneisses, Gneissic granites and granites, Grano-diorites, diorites and other varieties. Large

parts of the granitic gneisses are found to be the granitised phases of older rocks, which are mostly agrillites,

grits and quartzites. The younger granites constitute a well-defined narrow range of hills and south eastern

portions of the tumkur district. These granites are usually coarse-grained and coarsely porphyritic,and they

represent the northern extension of the younger 'closepet' granites and these are intrude all earlier formations.

6

Exposure of Granitic gneiss in Maddalenahalli Mw’s and intrusion of dyke in Bettadakelaginahalli sub watershed

Exposure of Granitic Gneiss in

Bettadakelaginahalli sub watershed

7

8

9

10

• Traversing the watershed using cadastral maps and imagery as base

• Identifying landforms, geology, land use and other features

• Selecting fields representing land units

• Opening profiles to 2 m depth

• Studying soil and site characteristics

• Grouping similar areas based on their soil-site characteristics into land management units

• Preparation of crop, soil and water conservation plan

• Socio-economic evaluation

The required site and soil characteristics are described and recorded on a standard proforma by

following the protocols and guidelines given in the soil survey manual and field guide. Collection of soil

samples from representative pedons for laboratory characterization and collection of surface soil samples at 250

m grid intervals from selected fields covering most of the management units for macro and micro-nutrient

analysis has been carried out. Further, processing of data at analytical and GIS lab were carried out to generate

various thematic maps for each of the study area.

Survey Methodology

Sequence of activities leading to Land Resource Inventory (LRI)

11

SOIL SURVEY INTERPRETATIONS

12

13

14

15

16

17

Mapping unit description of Buguduru 5 Micro-watershed, Pavagada Taluk, Tumkur district

Sl. No. Soil Phase Soil Phase Description Area (ha)

1 KBHcB1g1 Shallow, well drained, sandy loam, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on very gently sloping land,

slope 1-3 per cent, slight erosion with 15-35 per cent gravel 18

2 KBHcB1g2 Shallow, well drained, sandy loam, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on very gently sloping land,


3 KBHhC1g2 Shallow, well drained, sandy clay loam, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on gently sloping land,


4 KGPhC1g1 Shallow, well drained, sandy clay loam, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on gently sloping land,


5 MTLhB3 Shallow, well drained, sandy clay loam, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on very gently sloping land,

slope 1-3 per cent, severe erosion 7

6 LKRcB1g1 Moderately shallow, well drained, sandy loam, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on very gently

sloping land, slope 1-3 per cent, slight erosion with 15-35 per cent gravel 12

7 LKRcC2g1 Moderately shallow, well drained, sandy loam, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on gently sloping

land, slope 3-5 per cent, moderate erosion with 15-35 per cent gravel 28

8 BDGbB1g1 Moderately deep, well drained, loamy sand, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on very gently sloping

land, slope 1-3 per cent, slight erosion with 15-35 per cent gravel 4

9 BDGcB1g1 Moderately deep, well drained, sandy loam, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on very gently sloping


10 BDGcC1g1 Moderately deep, well drained, sandy loam, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on gently sloping land,


11 BDGhB1 Moderately deep, well drained, sandy clay loam, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on very gently

sloping land, slope 1-3 per cent, slight erosion 4

12 BDGhB1g1 Moderately deep, well drained, sandy clay loam, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on very gently

sloping land, slope 1-3 per cent, slight erosion with 15-35 per cent gravel 6

13 BMKcB1g1 Moderately deep, well drained, sandy loam, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on very gently sloping


14 GRHhB1 Deep, well drained, sandy clay loam, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on very gently sloping land,

slope 1-3 per cent, slight erosion 10

18

Sl. No. Soil Phase Soil Phase Description Area (ha)

15 MNLhB1g1 Deep, well drained, sandy clay loam, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on very gently sloping land,


16 NGPhB1 Deep, well drained, sandy clay loam, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on very gently sloping land,


17 SRRiB1 Deep, well drained, sandy clay, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on very gently sloping land, slope

1-3 per cent, slight erosion 12

18 BGPhB1 Very deep, well drained, sandy clay loam, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on very gently sloping

land, slope 1-3 per cent, slight erosion 2

19 BGPiB1 Very deep, well drained, sandy clay, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on very gently sloping land,


20 KDTcB1 Very deep, well drained, sandy loam, derived from granite gneiss, occurring on very gently sloping land,


21 Rockout 12

22 Others* 19

Total 264

19

SOIL FERTILITY STATUS

20

21

22

23

24

25

LAND SUITABILITY FOR MAJOR AGRICULTURAL CROPS

26

27

LAND SUITABILITY FOR MAJOR HORTICULTURE CROPS

28

29

30

31

Proposed crop plan for Buguduru 5 micro-watershed based on soil-site–crop suitability

assessment Pavagada Taluk, Tumkur district.

LMU

No.

Mapping

unit

Survey numbers Characters Field crops Forestry

crop/Grasses

Horticulture

crops (Rainfed

condition)

Horticulture

crops

with suitable

intervention

Suitable

Intervention

LMU 1 KBHcB1g1

KBHcB1g2

Kambalahalli: 10,

13, 76

Area: 23 ha

Shallow (25-50 cm),

sandy loam, very gently

sloping , slope 1-3 per

cent, slight erosion

with 15-60 % gravel

Sole crops:

Ragi, Horsegram

Intercropping:

Ragi + Fieldbean

(8:1)

Glyricidia,

Grasses

Stylosanthes

hamata,

Stylosanthes scabra

- Fruit crops

Custard apple

Amla

Vegetables

Curry leaf

Application of tank

silt, summer

ploughing and use

of short duration

varieties.

LMU 2 KBHhC1g2

KGPhC1g1

Kambalahalli: 39,

41, 43, 46, 81, 82

Area: 38 ha

Shallow (25-50 cm),

sandy clay loam

texture, gently sloping,

slope 3-5 per cent, slight

erosion with15-60 %

gravel

Sole crops:

Ragi, Groundnut,

Horsegram

Intercropping:

Ragi + Fieldbean

(8:1)

Glyricidia,

Grasses

Stylosanthes

hamata,

Stylosanthes scabra

- Fruit crops

Custard apple

Amla

Vegetables

Curry leaf

Application of tank

silt, summer

ploughing and use

of short duration

varieties.

LMU 3 MTLhB3 Kambalahalli: 35

Area: 7 ha

Shallow (25-50 cm),

sandy clay loam texture,

very gently sloping,

slope 1-3 per cent with

slight to moderate

erosion

Sole crops:

Ragi, Horsegram, Cowpea Intercropping: Ragi + Fieldbean (8:1)

Glyricidia

Grasses

Stylosanthes

hamata,

Stylosanthes

scabra

- Fruit crops

Custard apple Amla Vegetables Curry leaf, Drumstick

Application of tank

silt, summer

ploughing and use

of short duration

varieties.

LMU 4 LKRcB1g1

LKRcC2g1

Kambalahalli: 34,

35, 36, 37, 44

Area: 40 ha

Moderately shallow

(50-75 cm), sandy loam,

very gently sloping to

gently sloping lands,

slope 1-5% , slight to

moderate erosion with

15-35 % gravel

Sole crops:

Ragi, Maize Horsegram Intercropping: Ragi + Cowpea (4:1), Ragi + Fieldbean (8:1)

Glyricidia,

Subabul, Hebbevu

Grasses

Stylosanthes

hamata,

Stylosanthes

scabra

Fruit crop:

Custard apple,

Amla

Drumstick

Fruit crops

Sapota

Vegetables

Leafy

vegetables,

Solanaceous

crops

Summer ploughing

during pre

monsoon, use of

short duration and

drought resistant

varieties.

Continued

32

LMU 5 BDGbB1g1

BDGcB1g1

BDGcC1g1

BDGhB1

BDGhB1g1

BMKcB1g1

Kambalahalli:

15, 30, 31, 38,

42, 77, 78, 79,

80

Area: 65 ha

Moderately deep

(75-100 cm),

loamy sand, sandy

loam and sandy

clay loam texture,

very gently sloping

to gently slope

1-5%, slight

erosion with

15-35 % gravel

Sole crops:

Ragi, Maize,

Redgram, Groundnut

Intercropping:

Ragi + Cowpea (4:1),

Ragi + Fieldbean (8:1)

Ragi+ Redgram (8:2)

Glyricidia,

Subabul,

Hebbevu

Grasses:

Stylosanthes

hamata,

Stylosanthes

scabra

Hybrid napier

Fruit crop:

Custard apple,

Amla, Cashew,

Drumstick

Fruit crop:

Sapota, Lime

Vegetables:

Chilli, Tomato

Summer ploughing

during pre

monsoon, Addition

of organic matter.

Split application of

nitrogenous

fertilizer.

Dripirrigation is

recommended.

LMU 6 MNLhB1g1

GRHhB1

Kambalahalli: 33

Area: 13 ha

Deep (100-150

cm), sandy clay

loam texture, very

gently sloping

(1-3%), slight

erosion with

15-35 % gravel

Sole crops:

Ragi, Paddy, Maize,

Redgram, Castor

Intercropping:



Ragi+ Redgram (8:2)

Glyricidia,

Subabul,

Hebbevu,

Neem

Grasses:

Stylosanthes

hamata,

Stylosanthes

scabra

Hybrid napier

Fruit crop:

Sapota, Jamun,

Tamarind,

Custard apple,

Jackfruit,

Amla

Fruit crop:

Lime, Guava,

Mango, Coconut

Vegetables:

Tomato, Chilli

Flowers:

Marigold ,

Chrysanthamum

Summer ploughing

during pre

monsoon, Drip

irrigation is

recommended.

LMU 7 NGPhB1 Kambalahalli:

14, 40

Area: 22 ha

Deep

(100-150 cm),

sandy clay loam

texture, very

gently sloping

(1-3%) with

slight erosion.

Sole crops:

Ragi, Maize,

Redgram, Cotton

Castor, Groundnut

Intercropping:



Ragi+ Redgram (8:2)

Glyricidia,

Subabul,

Hebbevu,

Neem

Grasses:

Stylosanthes

hamata,

Stylosanthes

scabra

Hybrid napier

Fruit crop:

Sapota, Jamun,

Guava,

Tamarind,

Custard apple,

Jackfruit,

Cashew

Amla

Fruit crop:

Lime, Coconut

Vegetables:

Chilli, Tomato

Flowers:

Marigold ,

Chrysanthamum

Summer ploughing

during pre

monsoon, Drip

irrigation is

recommended.

Continued

33

LMU 8 SRRiB1 Kambalahalli:

16

Area: 12 ha

Deep (100-

150 cm), sandy

clay, very gently

sloping land (1-3 %

slope) with slight

erosion.

Sole crops:

Ragi, Paddy,

Redgram, Horsegram

Intercropping:


Ragi + Redgram (8:2)

Glyricidia,

Subabul, Hebbevu ,Neem Grasses:

Stylosanthes

hamata,

Stylosanthes scabra

Hybrid napier

Fruit crop:

Custard apple,

Amla

Fruit crop:

Lime, Tamarind

Vegetables:

Chilli, Tomato

Flowers:

Marigold

Summer ploughing

during pre monsoon,

Drip irrigation is

recommended.

LMU 9 BGPhB1

BGPiB1

Kambalahalli:

32

Area: 9 ha

Very deep

(>150cm), sandy

clay loam to sandy

clay, very gently

sloping, slope 1-3

% , slight erosion

Sole crops:

Ragi, Maize,

Redgram, Paddy

Castor

Intercropping:



Ragi+ Redgram (8:2)

Glyricidia,

Subabul, Hebbevu, Neem Grasses:

Stylosanthes

hamata,

Stylosanthes scabra

Hybrid napier

Fruit crop:

Sapota, Jamun,

Tamarind,

Custard apple,

Amla

Fruit crop:

Mango, Lime,

Guava, Jackfruit,

Coconut

Vegetables:

Chilli, Tomato

Flowers:

Marigold ,

Chrysanthamum

Summer ploughing

during pre monsoon,

Drip irrigation is

recommended.

LMU 10 KDTcB1 Kambalahalli:

32, 33

Area: 10 ha

Very deep (>150

cm), sandy loam

texture, very gently

sloping (1-3%)

with slight erosion

Sole crops:

Ragi, Maize,

Redgram, Paddy,

Groundnut, Castor

Intercropping:



Ragi+ Redgram (8:2)

Glyricidia,

Subabul, Hebbevu, Neem Grasses:

Stylosanthes

hamata,

Stylosanthes scabra

Hybrid napier

Fruit crop:

Mango, Sapota,

Jamun,

Tamarind,

Amla Custard

apple, Jackfruit,

Cashew

Fruit crop:

Lime, Guava,

Coconut, Banana

Vegetables:

Chilli, Tomato

Flowers:

Marigold ,

Chrysanthamum

Summer ploughing

during pre monsoon,

Drip irrigation is

recommended.

Continued

Note:

Drip irrigation is recommended wherever irrigation facility is available

Use of bio fertilizers

Incorporation of crop residues

34

Conservation plan

36

Soil Phase Texture Area (ha) Slope (%) Type of bund

BDGbB1g1 Loamy sand 4 2 CB/TCB

BDGcB1g1 Sandy loam 35 2 CB/TCB

BDGcC1g1 Sandy loam 10 4 CB/TCB

BDGhB1 Sandy clay loam 4 2 CB/TCB

BDGhB1g1 Sandy clay loam 6 2 CB/TCB

BGPhB1 Sandy clay loam 2 2 CB/TCB

BGPiB1 Sandy clay 7 2 CB/TCB

BMKcB1g1 Sandy loam 6 2 CB/TCB

GRHhB1 Sandy clay loam 9 2 CB/TCB

KBHcB1g1 Sandy loam 18 2 CB/TCB

KBHcB1g2 Sandy loam 5 2 CB/TCB

KBHhC1g2 Sandy clay loam 23 4 CB/TCB

KDTcB1 Sandy loam 10 2 CB/TCB

KGPhC1g1 Sandy clay loam 14 4 CB/TCB

LKRcB1g1 Sandy loam 12 2 CB/TCB

LKRcC2g1 Sandy loam 28 4 CB/TCB

MNLhB1g1 Sandy clay loam 4 2 CB/TCB

MTLhB3 Sandy clay loam 7 2 CB/TCB

NGPhB1 Sandy clay loam 22 2 CB/TCB

Others* Others* 19 0

Rockout Rockout 6 0

SRRiB1 Sandy clay 12 2 CB/TCB

264.1

Note* CB/TCB= Contour bund/ Trench cum bund

36

Water budgeting

Contributing area of Micro watershed 264.1ha 2640526.1 m2

Rainfall (2013)* 598.5 mm 0.60 m

Runoff after infiltration 183644.5 m3

Water conserved by bunding 28084.4 m3

Excess runoff** 155560.1 m3

Note :-

To compute runoff, the rainfall from 2010 to 2016 is considered. From the rainfall analysis, average

runoff producing rainfall 598.5 mm was found in 2013 which is considered for water budgeting.

The runoff water generated after infiltration is 183644.5 m3 and runoff water harvested through

design bunds is 28084.4 m3 .

Free board should be considered before taking up treatments

37

Conclusion

•Buguduru-5 micro watershed (4C3H3B3f) covers an area of 264 ha. Sandy loam soils occupy 123 ha (46.7 %) followed

by sandy clay loam 92 ha (35.06 %) of area. Greater part of the watershed has shallow 68 ha (25.71 %) and moderately

deep soils 65 ha (24.57 %) of area. Shallow soils need in–situ management of soil and water conservation practices to

sustain crop yield.

• Most of the soils are gravelly (136 ha) and non gravely soils are found in (8.22 %) of area with slight erosion is noticed

in 204 ha. Very gently sloping land occupies 164 ha (61.98 %) of the area.

•The pH of the soils are more of neutral in nature 125 ha (47.18 %) followed by slightly alkaline soils 58 ha (22.16 %)

and moderately alkaline soils covers an area of 45 ha (17.14 %). The electrical conductivity is normal in (90.53 %) of

the area.

•About (90.53 %) of area is low in organic carbon and available nitrogen content. The available phosphorous, potassium

and sulphur content are medium in 239, 239 and 110 ha area, respectively. Whereas, 239 ha (90.53 %) and 237 ha (89.83

%) of area is deficient in zinc and iron content respectively .

•Application of organic manures (FYM/compost) is much needed as per recommendation along with nitrogen,

phosphorus and potash fertilizers for better crop yield and soil sustainability. The areas which are low in zinc and iron

content needs to be provided with zinc and iron fertilizers (ZnSO4 and FeSO4).

•There is more potential for harvesting runoff water (155560.1m3) through additional bunding, farm ponds and drainage

line treatment (DLT) measures .

University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore ICAR ...watershed.kar.nic.in/SujalaIII_LRI_Pavagada Taluk/7 Bugaduru-5.pdfDr. Prabhudev Dhumgond Mr. Mallikarjuna Malagi Mr. G. S. Prasanna

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