UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA INVESTIGATION ON THE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF WELDED PRESURE VESSEL STEEL This report submitted in accordance with the requirement of the Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (Utem) for the Bachelor Degree of Manufacturing Engineering (Engineering Material) with Honours. by SUHAILY BINTI MOHAMAD YUSOF FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING 2009
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UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
INVESTIGATION ON THE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF
WELDED PRESURE VESSEL STEEL
This report submitted in accordance with the requirement of the Universiti Teknikal
Malaysia Melaka (Utem) for the Bachelor Degree of Manufacturing Engineering
(Engineering Material) with Honours.
by
SUHAILY BINTI MOHAMAD YUSOF
FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
2009
UTeM Library (Pind.1/2007)
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PSM
JUDUL:
Investigation on the Fracture Toughness of Welded Pressure Vessel Steel
mengaku membenarkan laporan PSM / tesis (Sarjana/Doktor Falsafah) ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:
1. Laporan PSM / tesis adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis.
2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis.
3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM / tesis ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi.
4.
5. *Sila tandakan (√)
SULIT
TERHAD
TIDAK TERHAD
(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia yang termaktub di dalam AKTA RAHSIA
RASMI 1972)
(Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh
organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)
(SUHAILY BT MOHAMAD YUSOF) Alamat Tetap: Lot 107 Kg Kemumin, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan
Tarikh: 22 MEI 2009
(EN. MOHAMAD HAIDIR BIN MASLAN) Cop Rasmi: Tarikh: 22 MEI 2009
* Jika laporan PSM ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak organisasi berkenaan
dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh tesis ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD.
DECLARATION
I hereby, declared this report entitled “Investigation on the Fracture Toughness of
Welded Pressure Vessel Steel” is the results of my own research except as cited in
references.
Signature : ………………………………………….
Author’s Name : Suhaily Binti Mohamad Yusof
Date : 22 May 2009
APPROVAL
This report is submitted to the Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering of UTeM as a
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Manufacturing
Engineering (Manufacturing Material) with Honours. The member of the supervisory
committee is as follow:
…………………………………………
i
ABSTRACT
This report covers the investigation on the fracture toughness of welded pressure
vessel steel. Failures occur for many reasons, including uncertainties in the loading
or environment, defects in the materials, inadequacies in design, and deficiencies in
construction or maintenance. Design against fracture has a technology of its own,
and this is a very active area of current research. In this study, fracture toughness test
have been conducted for A516 Grade 70 steel and the results has been carried out
using K1c calculations for fracture toughness. It is shown that the ductile fracture
occurs by the redirection of the crack propagation from the HAZ to the weld metal.
Analysis by optical microcopy and SEM has revealed that the improvement in the
toughness, and thus the higher resistance to crack propagation in the HAZ, is due to
the presence of a large proportion of fine acicular ferrite. Correlation of the result and
failure of pressure vessel phenomenon is also analyzed.
ii
ABSTRAK
Laporan ini merangkumi kajian ke atas kekuatan retakan terhadap kimpalan tangki
keluli bertekanan. Kegagalan yang berlaku adalah disebabkan banyak faktor
termasuk ketidakpastian dalam pemuatan atau alam sekitar, kecacatan dalam
material, kekurangan dalam rekabentuk dan kekurangan dalam pembinaan atau
penyelenggaraan. Rekabentuk pada retakan mempunyai teknologi yang tersendiri
dan merupakan kawasan yang sangat aktif untuk penyelidikan semasa. Dalam
pengkajian ini, ujian kekuatan retakan telah dijalankan menggunakan keluli ASTM
A516- Gred 70 dan hasilnya telah dilakukan kiraan K1c untuk nilai kekuatan retakan.
Didapati bahawa retakan lentur yang berlaku adalah dari arah penyebaran retakan
dari HAZ kepada kawasan kimpalan logam. Analisa menggunakan mikroskop optik
dan SEM telah menemui perbaikan di dalam kekuatan dan rintangan yang tinggi
terhadap penyebaran retakan didalam HAZ adalah disebabkan oleh kehadiran kadar
ferrite yang besar. Kesinambungan daripada keputusan dan kegagalan keluli
bertekanan juga dianalisa.
iii
DEDICATION
Dedicate to my parents in the grandest sense that parenting implies
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim,
Assalamualaikum,
Syukur Alhamdulillah, thanks to God for giving me a chance to finish up my Projek
Sarjana Muda (PSM) technical report from the first word until this end of point. First
of all, I would like to take this opportunity to express my greatest appreciation to my
supervisor, Mr. Mohamad Haidir bin Maslan for his full commitment, support and
encouragement, spending some time of their busy schedule to guide me. I would also
like to extend my gratitude to Mr Sivarao a/l Subramonian as the PSM Coordinator
of Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering of University Technical Malaysia Malacca
that had manage and ensure that the final year project was a successful one. Finally, I
would like to thank my family especially my parents and my fellow friends in UTeM
especially all BMFB’s group members for their never ending social support and
always lending a helping hand whenever I need them.