United nation and h rs

KNOW

YOUR RIGHTS!!!United Nation And

“Human Rights ‘’ Rai M Raza SherLaw Department Hazara University

Give to every human being every right that you claim for yourself. ~Robert Ingersoll

What are Human Rights?

Are values inherent to all human beings regardless of

our:

nationality place of residence gender

national or ethnic origin color religion language

or any other status.

We are all equally entitled to our human rights without

discrimination.

Human Rights are all

interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.

History of Human Rights

The Golden Rule!“One should treat others as one would like others

to treat oneself.”

The most essential basis for the modern

concept of human rights

Found in philosophies of ancient Babylon, Egypt,

Persia, India, Greece, Judea, and China

Khutbat-ul-Hajjatul Wida by

Hazrat Muhammad صلىوسلم عليه الله

UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION

The United Nations is an international organization designed to make the enforcement of international law, security, economic

development, social progress, and human rights easier for countries around the world.

The United Nations includes 192 member countries and its main headquarters are located in New York City.

Purposes: The purposes of the United Nations, as set forth in the Charter, are to maintain international peace and security, to develop

friendly relations among nations, to cooperate in solving international economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems and to

promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.

It is to be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in attaining these ends.

HISTORY:

• The League of Nations failed to prevent World War II (1939–1945). Because of the widespread recognition that humankind could not afford a Third World War, the United Nations was established to replace the

flawed League of Nations in order to maintain international peace and promote cooperation in

solving international economic, social and humanitarian problems.

• The principles of the UN as explained in the Charter was to save future generations from war, reaffirm

human rights, and establish equal rights for all persons. In addition it also aims to promote justice, freedom, and social progress for the people of all of

its member states.

UDHRDecember 10th, 1948

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U

United Nations CharterAND HUMAN Rights

• Article 1(3) of the United Nations charter states that one of the purposes of the UN is: "to achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion".Article 55 provides that:

• The United Nations shall promote: a) higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development; b) solutions of international economic, social, health, and related problems; c) international cultural and educational cooperation; d)universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.

United Nations CharterAND HUMAN Rights

• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by General Assembly resolution 217A at its 3rd session in Paris on 10 December 1948.

Who Wrote the UDHR?

• United Nations Human Rights Commission was formed to draft the Declaration

• Chairman: Former First

Lady Eleanor Roosevelt

Rene Cassin of France (far right) and Eleanor Roosevelt interview

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Significance of the UDHR

• First time fundamental human rights are universally protected. 

• Preamble with 30 articles Chairman Eleanor Roosevelt holding the

document.

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It is our duty to ensure that these rights are a living reality -- that

they are known, understood and enjoyed by everyone, everywhere.

It is often those who most need their human rights protected, who also need to be informed that the

Declaration exists -- and that it exists for them.

Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, partly in response to the atrocities of World War II. Although the UDHR was a non-binding resolution, it is now considered by some to have acquired the force of international customary law which may be invoked in appropriate circumstances by national and other judiciaries. The UDHR urges member nations to promote a number of human, civil, economic and social rights, asserting these rights as part of the "foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world." The declaration was the first international legal effort to limit the behavior of states and press upon them duties to their citizens following the model of the rights-duty duality.

• ...recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world.

• —Preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948

(Summary Version)The General Assembly proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.

The Universal Declaration of Human

Rights

The Way Forward beyond the UDHR

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International

Covenant on Economic, Social and

Cultural Rights (ICESCR) were adopted by the United Nations

(on December 16, 1966, and in force

from March 23, 1976.)

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial

Discrimination (CERD) (adopted 1966, entry

into force: 1969)

Convention on the Elimination of All

Forms of Discrimination Against

Women (CEDAW) (adopted 1979, entry

into force: 1981)

United Nations Convention Against

Torture (CAT) (adopted 1984, entry into force:

1984)

Convention on the Rights of the Child

(CRC) (adopted 1989, entry into force: 1989)

Convention on the Rights of Persons with

Disabilities (CRPD) (adopted 2006, entry

into force: 2008)International

Convention on the Protection of the

Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members

of their Families (ICRMW or more often MWC) (adopted 1990, entry into force: 2003)

UN Human Rights Bodies

• Security Council• General Assembly• Economic and Social Council• Commission on Human Rights• Sub commission on the Promotion and

Protection of Human Rights• Commission on the Status of Women

UN Human Rights Bodies• Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal

Justice• International Court of Justice• International Criminal Court• Office of the High Commissioner for Human

Rights (created by the General Assembly in 1993)

UN Human Rights Bodies• Treaty Monitoring Bodies– Human Rights Committee– Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial

Discrimination– Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against

Women– Committee Against Torture– Committee on the Rights of the Child– Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights

International Court of Justice

General AssemblySecretariat

Economic & social council

Security council

Trusteeship council

Commission on humans rightsInternational Labour organization (ILO)United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)United Nation development fund for WomenUnited nation Educational, Scientific and cultural organization (UNESCO)World Health Organization (WTO)

HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS

Human Rights in International Law

• Regional Organizations and Law-Making (cont.)– Organization of African Unity was founded in

1963 and adopted the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights in 1981. The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights is charged with supervising the implementation of the African Charter.

Use of State and Federal Courts to Protect Human Rights

• Congress and State Legislatures may enact legislation that specifically incorporates international law into domestic law

• Judicial interpretation and application of existing legislative or constitutional provisions

Local Non-Governmental Organizations

• Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights• American Refugee Committee• Center for Victims of Torture• Institute on Agricultural and Trade Policy• University of Minnesota Human Rights

Center

NGO Activities• Monitor elections and political trials• Investigate human rights and conditions– Analyze human rights practices in closed

countries – Albania, North Korea, Saudi Arabia– Identify and analyze conflicts in Chiapas and

Kosovo– Child slavery in Haiti; child health in Mexico,

Uganda and the United States

NGO Activities• Lobby United Nations• Draft model statutes– Inquest procedures– Forensic techniques– Domestic violence laws

• Represent political asylum seekers• Promote ratification of human rights

treaties