Unit VIII

UNIT 8 Fit for Life!

Benefits of Physical Activity

Stay Healthy! Healthy Body Composition Higher self esteem Social Benefits Enjoyment

Staying Healthy

Daily exercise improves cardiovascular endurance and function

Keeps the doctor away

Healthy Body Composition

Staying physically active helps maintain a proper weight

Keeps from gaining weight

Higher Self Esteem

Since physical activity helps keep you feeling healthier and comfortable with your body, you will have more confidence in yourself

Social Benefits

Playing games and other physical activities are great ways to meet people

Enjoyment

Physcial Activities are fun! They get you out of the house, gets your blood flowing and makes you feel better about yourself!

Types of Physical Activitiesand Recommended Amount

Aerobic fitness Everyday for 60+ minutes▪ Moderate or vigorous activity

Muscular Strength 3 days for 60 minutes▪ Moderate to Vigorous activity

Bone Strengthening 3 days for 60 minutes▪ Moderate to Vigorous activity▪ These activities are the same as Muscular and

Aerobic

Aerobic Fitness Activities

Running Walking Jogging Swimming Hiking Bicycling Sledding

Skiing Snowboarding Aerobics Spinning Dancing Ice skating Mowing the lawn

Activities for Muscle Strengthening

4 key components Lifting, Reaching

and Pulling, Power, Balancing

Activities Bench Press Lat Pulldowns Low Rows Squats Dumbbell flys Dumbbell press

Get bored? Get creative!

Take a game and add your twist to it

Ex: Volleyball and basketball Basketball rules Only difference is the ball cannot be held

going down the court Ball is moved by bumping, setting, or if

possible spiking

Creating your Workout Plan

Making a Workout Plan

3 major components Goals for the program What types of exercises will be needed Schedule enough time to include your

activities

Goals

Must be reasonable Ex: Lose 10lbs NOT lose 40lbs in 2 days

Need a time frame Ex: Lose 10lbs in 3 weeks

Post goals in a place that you see everyday Mirror, locker, etc.

Activities

Activities vary according to goals Weight loss activities will include

more aerobic activities Muscle strengthening goals will

require weight bearing activities, and also some aerobic as well

Scheduling

Set aside time for your activities Leave enough room for warm up/cool

down and shower Plan accordingly

Nutrition

As important as physical activity Stay away from junk food Proper diet will help get the results

you want to achieve!

Sport injures

To pull an ankleTo break a muscle

To twist a legTo sprain a wrist

Passive voice

The Forbidden City is situated in the centre of Beijing. It was built as the Imperial Palace for the emperors of China. It was named the Forbidden City because no common or foreign person was allowed to go inside without special permission.

We form the passive with the verb to be and the past participate form of the main verb.

-To change the sentence from the active into the passive: The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of

in the passive sentence. The active verb remains in the same tense, but changes

into a passive form. The subject of the active sentence becomes the agent, and

is either introduced with the preposition by or omitted. Subject verb object

Active: Tom invited me. Subject verb agent

Passive: I was invited by Tom.

Active Passive

Present Simple He delivers parcels. The parcels are delivered.

Present Continuous Tense

He is delivering the parcels.

The parcels are being delivered.

Past Simple Tense He delivered the parcels. The parcels were delivered.

Past Continuous Tense He was delivering the parcels.

The parcels were being delivered.

Present Perfect Tense He has delivered the parcels.

The parcels have been delivered.

Past Perfect Tense He had delivered the parcels.

The parcels had been delivered.

Future Simple Tense He will deliver the parcels.

The parcels will be delivered.

We use the passive: When the person who carries out the action is unknown,

unimportant or obvious from the context. ex: My flat was broken into last week. (we don’t know

who broke into the flat.) Coffee beans are grown in Brazil. (it isn’t important to

know who grow the coffee.)When the action itself is more important than the person

who carries it out, as in news headlines, newspaper articles, formal notices, instructions, advertisements, processes, etc.

Ex; The new hospital will be opened by the Queen on May 15th.

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive tense.

The Academy Awards Presentation was first organized in 1929 and since then, it ………………….(hold) every year. The presentation ………………………(attend) by those at the top of the film industry and………………………..(watch) on TV by millions of viewers who want to see who ……………………………(present) with the golden statue which ……………………….. (desire) by everyone in the motion picture world.

The voting for the Academy Awards ………………………(conduct) secretly and the results ……………………………(not/ reveal) to anyone until the envelope ……………………….. (open) on stage in front of the audience. Awards ……………………………. (give) for the best individual or collective work and …………………………. (separate) into different categories. Up to five nominations ……………………….(make) in each category. The awards, which……………………… (know) as Oscars, ………………………………(consider) to be the highest honor anyone in the film industry can …………………………(give).

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive tense.

The Academy Awards Presentation was first organized in 1929 and since then, it has been held(hold) every year. The presentation is attended (attend) by those at the top of the film industry and is watched (watch) on TV by millions of viewers who want to see who will be presented (present) with the golden statue which is desired (desire) by everyone in the motion picture world.

The voting for the Academy Awards is conducted (conduct) secretly and the results are not revealed (not/ reveal) to anyone until the envelope is opened (open) on stage in front of the audience. Awards are given (give) for the best individual or collective work and are separated (separate) into different categories. Up to five nominations are made (make) in each category. The awards, which are known (know) as Oscars, are considered (consider) to be the highest honor anyone in the film industry can be given (give).

Conditionals

Zero Conditionals

The zero conditional is a structure used for talking about general truths -- things which always happen under certain conditions. Following I will explain how the zero conditional is formed, and when to use it.

The structure of a zero conditional sentence

A zero conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an "if" clause and a main clause (note that most zero conditional sentences will mean the same thing if "when" is used instead of "if"):

If clause+ main clause:If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.

Comma?!

If the "if" clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the "if" clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:

main clause+ if clauseWater boils if you heat it to 100 degrees.We use the same verb form in each part of a zero

conditional: the simple present tense: if clause: if +subject + simple present verb main clause: subject + simple present verb

Using the zero conditional The zero conditional is used to talk about things which

are always true -- scientific facts, general truths, and so on:

Example: If you cross an international date line, the time changes.

Explanation: This always happens, every time you cross a dateline.

If you go 10 meters under water, the pressure increases to two atmospheres.

Explanation: This is basically always true -- the pressure of 10 meters of water equals one atmosphere.

Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air. Explanation: This is a scientific fact -- you can test it

in a laboratory.

Let’s Practice:

Use the conditions and results in the box to complete the phrases below.

Conditions: you've got a headache, you don't wear a crash helmet, you heat it to 100 ºc, she comes home very late, you leave gates open in the country, you add sugar

Results: you get pink, A dog bites, the DVD player comes on, Butter melts, it scratches you, You have more chance of being killed

1. Water boils if __________________________________ 2. If you mix red and white _________________________________3. ____________________________________ if you leave it in the sun. 4. If ____________________________________ , take an aspirin. 5. If _____________________________________ , it tastes sweet. 6. __________________________ if you go near its food when it's eating. 7. If you pull a cat's tail, _______________________________ . 8. _______________if you don't wear a seat belt. 9. If you press this button,

………………………………………………………………………………10. Farmers get very angry if _______________________________________

The First Conditional

The first conditional (also called conditional type 1) is a structure used for talking about possibilities in the present or in the future. Following I will explain how the first conditional is formed, and when to use it.

The structure of a first conditional sentenceA first conditional sentence

consists of two clauses, an "if" clause and a main clause:

if clause+ main clause: If you study hard, you will

pass the test.

Comma?!

If the "if" clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the "if" clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:

main clause+ if clause: You will pass the test if you study hard.We use different verb forms in each part

of a first conditional: if clause: if + subject + simple

present verb main clause: subject + will + verb

Using the first conditional The first conditional is used to talk

about things which are possible in the present or the future -- things which may happen :

Example: If it's sunny, we'll go to the park.

Explanation: Maybe it will be sunny -- that's possible.

Paula will be sad if Juan leaves. Explanation: Maybe Juan will leave --

that's possible.

Let’s Practice: If Clare ________   late again, the hockey trainer will be furious. (to arrive) You'll be sorry if you ___________________  for your exams. (to revise)

We ___________________  if the weather's good. (to go)

They _____________  you if you wear a wig and dark glasses. (to recognize) If the bus ________________ on time, I won't miss the football. (to be) If you ____________ your homework now, you'll be free all tomorrow. (to do) We___________________  out if there's no food at home. (to eat)

You'll find life much easier if you ____________ more often. (to smile)

If it's hot, we___________________  for a swim. (to go)

You'll do it better if you ___________________ more time over it. (to take)

If she ___________________ practicing, she'll get better. (to keep)

I___________________  so happy if I pass the exam. (to be)

You'll be really tired tomorrow if you ___________________  to bed soon. (to go)

Second Conditionals

The second conditional (also called conditional type 2) is a

structure used for talking about unreal situations in the present or in the future. Following I will

explain how the second conditional is formed, and when

to use it.

The structure of a second conditional sentenceLike a first conditional, a

second conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an "if" clause and a main clause:

if clause+ main clause If I had a million dollars, I

would buy a big house.

Comma?! If the "if" clause comes first, a comma is

usually used. If the "if" clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:

main clause+ if clause I would buy a big house if I had a million

dollars.We use different verb forms in each part of a

second conditional: if clause: if + subject + simple past verb* main clause: subject + would + verb*

Note that this "simple past" form is slightly different from usual in the case of the verb BE. Whatever the subject, the verb form is "were", not "was": If I were rich, I'd buy a big house.

Using the second conditional

The second conditional is used to talk about things which are unreal (not true or not possible) in the present or the future -- things which don't or won't happen :

Example: If I were you, I would drive more

carefully in the rain. (I am not you -- this is unreal )

Paula would be sad if Jan left. (Jan will not leave -- that's not going to happen )

If dogs had wings, they would be able to fly. (Dogs don't have wings -- that's impossible. )

Let’s Practice:

If Joe……….. (be) here, he …………(catch) some fish for supper.2. It …………(be) nice if the rain………… (stop)!3. I ………….(sing) you a song if I ……..(have) my guitar.4. If I …………(have) a better sleeping bag, I………. (not feel) so cold.5. If this tent….. (be) any smaller, one of us ..(have to sleep) outside!6. I…….. (look) out for bears if I ……..(be) you!7. If I ………(not be) so hungry, I (share)…… my beans with you.

Third Conditionals

The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. Following I will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.

The structure of a third conditional sentence

Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an "if" clause and a main clause:

if clause +main clause If I had studied harder, I would

have passed the exam.Explanation: I failed the exam, because I didn't

study hard enough.

Comma?!

If the "if" clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the "if" clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:

main clause+ if clause I probably would have passed the

exam if I had studied harder.

We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional:

if clause: if + subject + past perfect verb*main clause :subject + would (OR could, OR

might) have + past participle *The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb "had", and

the past participle (or third form) of the verb. Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:Full form: If I had studied harder, I probably would have

passed the exam.Contracted form :If I'd studied harder, I probably would've

passed the exam.

Using the third conditional

The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret:

Example

If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident.

Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough.

Example

If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.

Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.

Let’s Practice:

He crashed his car, because he fell asleep while driving.If he ……………asleep while driving, he……………….. his car.

2. We couldn't go to the concert, because we didn't have enough money.If we……………. enough money, we…………….. to the concert.

3. I lost my job because I was late for work.I……………………. my job if I………………. late for work.

4. The wind was so strong that the bridge collapsed.If the wind ………………so strong, the bridge…………………… .

5. I couldn't call Sally because I had lost her number.I …………………..Sally if I…………………… her number.