Unit title: Principles of light: artificial light; Daylight factor. Photovoltaics and Biomass Principals Presentation title:Could domestic photovoltaics.

Unit title: Principles of light: artificial light; Daylight factor. Photovoltaics and Biomass Principals

Presentation title: Could domestic photovoltaics provide the electricity needed to meet household demand and power a family car in the uk?

Unit number: B1Unit date: January 14th 2009Presentation date: March 8th 2009 Student name: Craig EmbletonStudent number: 0750553Seminar group: 1 (Melissa Taylor) e-mail: [email protected]: www.greenfrontier.org

Could domestic photovoltaics provide the electricity needed to

meet household demand and power a family car in the UK?

Contents

• Introduction• Description of case study• Solar panels• Electric cars• Electricity generated and consumed• Summary• Conclusions• Issues• Questions

Introduction

Source: DUKES, 2008 & DfT, 2008

What are the problems?

Peak oil & climate change.• Domestic electricity in the UK responsible

for 9.57% of the nation’s CO2 emissions.

• Personal transportation responsible for

12.4% of the nation’s CO2 emissions.

Case Study House

Latitude* 52.04 degrees

Longitude* 0.97 degrees

Inclination of roof 35 degrees

Azimuth -30 degrees (from South)

Area of south facing part of roof

39.1 m2

Location and dimensions

*Source: Google Earth

Monthly solar radiation received on thesouth-facing roof

0

1

2

3

4

5

J F M A M J J A S O N D

kW

h/m

2

Annual Mean 3.12

Source: RETscreen using data supplied by NASA

Quarter Quarterly consumption kWHs

Monthly consumption kWHs

Winter 536 179

Spring 431 144

Summer 368 123

Autumn 483 161

Total 1,818

Electricity consumption

Source: Electricity statements from Good Energy

Annual mileage driven

Total Annual mileage

(3 year mean)

Monthly mean

Commuting mileage

7,889 657 428 (65% of total)

Source: Ministry of Transport test certificates

SunPower 230Wp photovoltaic module

Source: SunPower, 2008

Conversion efficiency 18.5 %

Area per kWp 5.409 m2

Source: Pininfarina, 2009

Electric car - Pininfarina Bº (Zero)

Top speed 80 mph

Range 153 miles

Efficiency 0.1961 kWHs/mile

Electricity consumption and module sizing

Household Pininfarina B°

Annual electricity consumed

1.818 MWHs 1.547 MWHs

(7,889 * 0.1961/1000)

Panel area required

9.3 m2 7.9 m2

•Area for 4 kWp installation = 22 m2

•Total panel area required = 17.2 m2

Source: Calculated using RETscreen algorithms

Electricity generated & consumed by case study house (kWHs/month)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

J F M A M J J A S O N D

kW

Hs

Consumed by householdConsumed by Pininfarina B0Generated by a 4 kWp installation

Summary

• Net exporter to the grid from March to

September.• Meets all the car’s requirements.• Generates 852 kWHs of electricity more

than required annually.

A 4 kWp installation covering 22m2 of case

study house’s roof would mean the house:

Conclusion

Yes. Easily for the case study house, by selling to and buying back from the

national grid to compensate for fluctuations.

Could domestic photovoltaics provide the electricity needed to

meet household demand and power a family car in the UK?

Issues – Areas for improvement?

• Data taken from commercially supplied

datasheets.• Real world independent trials necessary.• Costs of electricity.• Embodied energy.• Degradation of efficiency of photovoltaics.• Transmission losses.

Sources: Boyle, G 2004, National Travel Survey, 2007 & DUKES , 2008

Issues – What about the rest of the UK?

• Many UK houses could support a 4 kWp

photovoltaic array and over half are

orientated in a southerly direction.

However:• The mean UK household consumes more

than twice the electricity than the case

study, and drives over a quarter more

miles.

Questions?

Bibliography• Boyle, G. (2004). Solar Photovoltaics. In:

Boyle, G Renewable Energy. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 66-104.

• Department for Business, Enterprise & Regulatory Reform (BERR). (2008). Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics 2008. Available: http://stats.berr.gov.uk/energystats/dukes08.pdf. Last accessed 7 February 2009.

Bibliography Continued• Department for Transport. (2008). National Travel

Survey: 2007. Available: http://www.dft.gov.uk/162259/162469/221412/221531/223955/3227431/NTS2007.pdf. Last accessed 11 February 2009.

• Department for Transport. (2008). Transport Statistics Great Britain (TSGB), Section 3 - Energy and Environment. Available: http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/statistics/datatablespublications/tsgb/2008edition/section3energyenvironment.pdf. Last accessed 6 February 2009.

Bibliography Continued• NASA. (2009). NASA Surface meteorology and

Solar Energy: Locate RETScreen Data. Available: http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/sse/ion-p?page=globe_main.ion&app=ret&[email protected]. Last accessed 15 February 2009.

• Pininfarina. (2008). B0 the Electric Car. Available: http://www.pininfarina.it/repository/Immagini/auto%20elettrica/BO%20pininfarina.pdf. Last accessed 16 February 2009.

Bibliography Continued• Pininfarina. (2008). Pininfarina B0 image gallery.

Available:

http://www.pininfarina.it/repository/Immagini/auto

%20elettrica/pagina%20download/Tqa.jpgLast

accessed 16 February 2009.

• RETScreen International. (2009). RETScreen Clean

Energy Project Analysis Software Download page.

Available: http://www.retscreen.net/ang/home.php.

Last accessed 1 February 2009.

Bibliography Continued

• SunPower. (2008). Datasheet: 230 Solar

Panel. Available:

http://www.sunpowercorp.com/Products-and-

Services/~/media/Downloads/

for_products_services/

spwr_230wh_res_en_lt_w_ra.ashx. Last

accessed 11 February 2009.