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การลอยตัว ( FLOTATION) 1 การลอยตัว ( FLOTATION) 1303 341 Environmental Unit Operations
28

Unit Op-ch3

Feb 24, 2022

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Page 1: Unit Op-ch3

การลอยตัว (FLOTATION)

1

การลอยตัว (FLOTATION)

1303 341 Environmental Unit Operations

Page 2: Unit Op-ch3

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http://www.thaieditorial.com/

Page 3: Unit Op-ch3

เนื้อหา

ความรูทั่วไป

รูปแบบของการลอยตัว

การเติมสารเคมี

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การเติมสารเคมีสมรรถนะการละลายน้าํของอากาศการออกแบบระบบ flotation

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ความรูท่ัวไป

Flotation is a separation process basedon the use of very fine gas bubbles thatattach themselves to the solid particles insuspension to make them buoyant and

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suspension to make them buoyant anddrive them toward the free surface of theliquid

Air is the only flotation agent used inwastewater treatment

Page 5: Unit Op-ch3

ความรูท่ัวไป

เปาหมายหลกั

แยกตะกอนที่เบากวาน้ําหรือหนักพอ ๆ กัน

แยก FOG ออกจากน้ํา

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แยก FOG ออกจากน้ํา

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รูปแบบของการลอยตัว

Dispersed-air flotation

Vacuum flotation

Dissolved-air flotation

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Dissolved-air flotation

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Dispersed-air flotation

Air bubbles are formed by mechanicallydispersing air injected under rotatingimpellers or sparged by diffusers

The bubbles formed under these

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The bubbles formed under theseconditions are typically too coarse forfine solid removal

Some scum forming waste can beremoved by air dispersion flotation

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Dispersed-air flotation8

http://www.keeprocess.com/html/daf-dispersed-air-floatation.html

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Dispersed-air flotation9

http://www.keeprocess.com/html/daf-dispersed-air-floatation.html

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Dispersed-air flotation10

http://www.keeprocess.com/html/daf-dispersed-air-floatation.html

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Dispersed-air flotation11

http://www.keeprocess.com/html/daf-dispersed-air-floatation.html

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Dispersed-air flotation12

http://www.keeprocess.com/html/daf-dispersed-air-floatation.html

Page 13: Unit Op-ch3

Vacuum flotation

Air is first dispersed into the wastewaterto achieve saturation conditions

Partial vacuum is then applied to thewastewater

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wastewater

This results in the generation of small airbubbles that attach themselves to thesolid particles and make them rise

Page 14: Unit Op-ch3

Dissolved-air flotation

โดยทั่วไปใชกับ activated sludge (ถ.พ. ~1.0)

ใชในระบบ “sludge thickening”

Air is dissolved in pressurized wastewater

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Air is dissolved in pressurized wastewaterby adding air to the pump suction point(P>Patmosphere)

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Dissolved-air flotation

The air-wastewater mixture is admitted toa retention tank having a residence timeor a few minutes to allow the air todissolve

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dissolve

The wastewater passes through a pressurereducing valve and then enters a flotationunit where small bubbles (30 - 120 mm)are generated within the bulk of thewastewater

Page 16: Unit Op-ch3

Dissolved-air flotation

In the flotation unit the solid particles arecarried by the bubbles toward thesurface of the water where they areskimmed off by a skimming mechanism

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skimmed off by a skimming mechanism

Flotation units can be provided with arecycle to prevent the incoming solids tobe subjected to the shearing action of thepressurizing pump

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Dissolved-air flotation17

DAF w/o recycle

http://cpe.njit.edu/dlnotes/CHE685/

Page 18: Unit Op-ch3

Dissolved-air flotation18

DAF w/ recyclehttp://cpe.njit.edu/dlnotes/CHE685/

Page 19: Unit Op-ch3

การเตมิสารเคมี

Chemical additives that promote theattachment or entrapment of airbubbles to solid particles or flocs canbe effectively used to enhance flotation

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be effectively used to enhance flotationFlotation additives include:aluminum and ferric saltsactivated silicaorganic polymers

Page 20: Unit Op-ch3

สมรรถนะการละลายนํ้าของอากาศ

การละลายของอากาศแปรผันตามแรงดันและแปรผกผันกับอุณหภูมิ

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Page 21: Unit Op-ch3

การออกแบบระบบ Flotation

Design of floating thickeners is based onthe knowledge of:

Wastewater flow rate and solid loading

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Air-to-solid ratio (typically expressed asvolume of air/mass of solids or mass ofair/mass of solids)

Overflow rate (or rise velocity of solids)

Final solid loading in sludge

Page 22: Unit Op-ch3

การออกแบบระบบ Flotation

Design of floating thickeners is based on theknowledge of:

Wastewater flow rate and solid loading Air-to-solid ratio (typically expressed as

volume of air/mass of solids or mass of

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Air-to-solid ratio (typically expressed asvolume of air/mass of solids or mass ofair/mass of solids)

Overflow rate (or rise velocity of solids) Final solid loading in sludge

Page 23: Unit Op-ch3

การออกแบบระบบ Flotation23

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การออกแบบระบบ Flotation24

Flotation without recycling

Flotation with recycling

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การออกแบบระบบ Flotation25

P = pressure (atm)p = gage pressure (kPa, lb/in2)

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การออกแบบระบบ Flotation26

http://cpe.njit.edu/dlnotes/CHE685/

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Example27

ตัวอยาง 4.2

ตัวอยาง 4.3

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จบบทที่ 3