Unit One Foundations of American Government (C&G 1.1, 1.2)

Unit OneUnit One

Foundations of American Foundations of American Government (C&G 1.1, 1.2)Government (C&G 1.1, 1.2)

Unit ConceptsUnit Concepts

PowerPower

AuthorityAuthority

DemocracyDemocracy

Essential Question Essential Question (C&G 1.2)(C&G 1.2) How did the Enlightenment and How did the Enlightenment and

other contributing theories impact other contributing theories impact the writing of the Declaration of the writing of the Declaration of Independence, the US Independence, the US Constitution and Bill of Rights to Constitution and Bill of Rights to help promote liberty, justice, and help promote liberty, justice, and equality?equality?

Section A: Development Section A: Development of English Democracyof English Democracy 1) Magna Carta (1215): restricts King John’s 1) Magna Carta (1215): restricts King John’s

authority; follow rule of lawauthority; follow rule of law

– Leads to the development of the English Leads to the development of the English Parliament (legislature=law making body)Parliament (legislature=law making body)

Power shifting from King to Power shifting from King to

Parliament over timeParliament over time

Section A: Development Section A: Development of English Democracyof English Democracy

2) English Bill of Rights (1689): 2) English Bill of Rights (1689): more people have protected more people have protected rightsrights

– Guarantees free elections to Guarantees free elections to Parliament, right to fair trial, Parliament, right to fair trial, elimination of cruel/unusual elimination of cruel/unusual punishmentpunishment


3) Common law: law made by 3) Common law: law made by judges rather than legislaturesjudges rather than legislatures

– This starts the principle of using This starts the principle of using precedent in trials---looking back at precedent in trials---looking back at similar cases to see the decisionsimilar cases to see the decision This makes the law predictable and fairThis makes the law predictable and fair


Discussion Question? Explain Discussion Question? Explain how power and authority changed how power and authority changed in England from 1215 to 1689?in England from 1215 to 1689?

Section B: Section B: Enlightenment Enlightenment Influences on Influences on DemocracyDemocracy Enlightenment: time period of Enlightenment: time period of

challenging accepted beliefs challenging accepted beliefs (Europe) using reason to seek (Europe) using reason to seek truthtruth

Section B: Section B: Enlightenment Influences Enlightenment Influences on Democracyon DemocracyVoltairVoltair

eeHobbesHobbes LockeLocke RousseauRousseau MontesquieuMontesquieu

Idea: Idea: Free Free SpeechSpeech

Idea: Idea: man man was self-was self-centeredcentered

ThereforThereforeeAuthoritariaAuthoritarian n governmentgovernment

Idea: Idea: natural rights natural rights or or unalienable unalienable

(rights you (rights you are born are born with)with)

Life, liberty, Life, liberty, propertyproperty

Idea: Idea: social social contract contract theorytheory

Idea: Idea: all all men created men created equalequal

Idea: Idea: social social contract contract theorytheory

*agreement *agreement between between citizens and citizens and their their governmentgovernment

Idea: Idea: checks and checks and balancesbalances

Idea: Idea: separation of separation of powerspowers

Section B: Section B: Enlightenment Enlightenment Influences on Influences on DemocracyDemocracy Discussion Questions?Discussion Questions?

– 1) Are these Enlightenment 1) Are these Enlightenment philosophies still applicable today?philosophies still applicable today?

– 2) Do these ideas go far enough, just 2) Do these ideas go far enough, just right, or too far?right, or too far?

– 3) Should these ideas be altered or 3) Should these ideas be altered or changed to fit today’s global society?changed to fit today’s global society?

Section B: Section B: Enlightenment Enlightenment Influences of Influences of DemocracyDemocracy Europeans who colonize America Europeans who colonize America

bring ideas of limited bring ideas of limited government, a legislature more government, a legislature more powerful than a king, and powerful than a king, and Enlightenment philosophies with Enlightenment philosophies with them and will incorporate those them and will incorporate those ideas into many of our country’s ideas into many of our country’s founding documents.founding documents.

Essential Question Essential Question (C&G 1.1)(C&G 1.1) How did tensions over power and How did tensions over power and

authority lead America’s founding authority lead America’s founding fathers to develop a constitutional fathers to develop a constitutional democracy?democracy?

Section C: Early Colonial Section C: Early Colonial AmericaAmerica

1) Jamestown, Va(1607): first 1) Jamestown, Va(1607): first permanent English settlementpermanent English settlement

– Economy based Economy based on agricultureon agriculture

– First slaves First slaves brought in 1619brought in 1619

Section C: Early Colonial Section C: Early Colonial AmericaAmerica

2) House of Burgesses(1619): first 2) House of Burgesses(1619): first elected representative assemblyelected representative assembly

– Ideas of the EnlightenmentIdeas of the Enlightenment

– Representative democracyRepresentative democracy

Section D: Sources of Section D: Sources of DiscontentDiscontent

1) Salutary Neglect: England didn’t 1) Salutary Neglect: England didn’t enforce its colonial policies—left aloneenforce its colonial policies—left alone

– England realizes it is losing too much England realizes it is losing too much money and tightens up control---ends money and tightens up control---ends after the French and Indian Warafter the French and Indian War

– Impact? Development of independent Impact? Development of independent naturenature

Section D: Sources of Section D: Sources of DiscontentDiscontent 2) Mercantilism: British economic 2) Mercantilism: British economic

policy based on the colonies providing policy based on the colonies providing raw materials for British raw materials for British manufacturingmanufacturing

– Country’s power depends on its wealthCountry’s power depends on its wealth– Export more than you importExport more than you import– British forced to enforce the Navigation British forced to enforce the Navigation

Acts of 1660sActs of 1660s– Impact?Impact?


3) Colonists not viewed/treated as 3) Colonists not viewed/treated as full-fledge English citizensfull-fledge English citizens

Section D: Sources of Section D: Sources of DiscontentDiscontent 4) French and Indian War: England and 4) French and Indian War: England and

France fighting for control of North France fighting for control of North America; English winAmerica; English win

– Albany Plan of Union(1754): Ben Franklin’s plan Albany Plan of Union(1754): Ben Franklin’s plan to unite the colonists under one central govt; to unite the colonists under one central govt; did not materialize did not materialize

– Economic consequences of war: colonists Economic consequences of war: colonists forced to pay for itforced to pay for it

******NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION************NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION******


5) Stamp Act: England forces all 5) Stamp Act: England forces all legal documents to be stamped with legal documents to be stamped with an official stamp to pay for the an official stamp to pay for the French and Indian War---first tax French and Indian War---first tax imposed by the British on the imposed by the British on the colonistscolonists

– Impact? Stamp Act leads to boycotts: Impact? Stamp Act leads to boycotts: refusing to buyrefusing to buy

Section D: Sources of Section D: Sources of DiscontentDiscontent 6) Boston Massacre: British soldiers 6) Boston Massacre: British soldiers

fired into a crowd of colonists killing fired into a crowd of colonists killing 5; 17705; 1770

– Visual recreations are examples of Visual recreations are examples of propagandapropaganda

– Sons of Liberty form: support ideas of Sons of Liberty form: support ideas of independence and revolutionindependence and revolution

– Impact?Impact?


7) Boston Tea Party: colonists 7) Boston Tea Party: colonists protest English tax on tea by protest English tax on tea by dumping tea in Boston Harbordumping tea in Boston Harbor

– Impact? England responds by Impact? England responds by passingpassing

the Coercive/Intolerable Acts and the Coercive/Intolerable Acts and close Boston Harborclose Boston Harbor

Section E: RevolutionSection E: Revolution

1) First Continental 1) First Continental Congress(1774): colonial Congress(1774): colonial representatives wrote King representatives wrote King George III demanding their rights George III demanding their rights be restored; agreed to meet a be restored; agreed to meet a year later if their demands not year later if their demands not metmet


2) Battles of Lexington and 2) Battles of Lexington and Concord: first battles of the Concord: first battles of the Revolutionary WarRevolutionary War

– Shot heard round the world---why?Shot heard round the world---why?


3) Second Continental Congress(1775): 3) Second Continental Congress(1775): agree to declare independence agree to declare independence

– Thomas Paine’s Thomas Paine’s Common SenseCommon Sense: : encouraged independence from Englandencouraged independence from England

– Declaration of Independence(1776): formal Declaration of Independence(1776): formal statement declaring our political statement declaring our political separation form Englandseparation form England


4) Yorktown: Last battle of the 4) Yorktown: Last battle of the Revolutionary War; Patriots Revolutionary War; Patriots (Americans) win with the help of (Americans) win with the help of the Frenchthe French

Section F: 1Section F: 1stst GovernmentGovernment Discussion questions? Discussion questions?

– What type of government do we (US) What type of government do we (US) have?have?

– Have we always had this form of Have we always had this form of government?government?

– What is democracy?What is democracy?

Section F: 1Section F: 1stst GovernmentGovernment Constitutional Democracy: A Constitutional Democracy: A

representative government in representative government in which power of the government is which power of the government is limited by the law (constitution)limited by the law (constitution)

– Discussion question?Discussion question?

What does a constitution do?What does a constitution do?

Section F: 1Section F: 1stst GovernmentGovernment Articles of Confederation: 1Articles of Confederation: 1stst constitution constitution

of the USof the US

– Power was centered with: state governmentsPower was centered with: state governments

– It was a weak constitutionIt was a weak constitution

– Not easily amendedNot easily amended

– Impact?Impact?

Section F: 1Section F: 1stst GovernmentGovernment Shays’ Rebellion: Mass. farmers Shays’ Rebellion: Mass. farmers

rioting against tax collection rioting against tax collection against their farms; proved the against their farms; proved the Articles of Confederation was Articles of Confederation was weak and we needed a strong weak and we needed a strong central govtcentral govt

Section F: 1Section F: 1stst GovernmentGovernment Discussion question?Discussion question?

– Was the first government of the Was the first government of the United States effective? Why or why United States effective? Why or why not?not?

Unit One Foundations of American Government (C&G 1.1, 1.2)

Documents

english citizenssection

english parliament legislature

enlightenment philosophies

section c

democracysection b

truthsection b

law predictable

sources of discontent4