UNIT I – VOCABULARY TERMS. 4. GOVERNMENT The Institutions and individuals through which the state maintains social order, provides public services, and.

UNIT I – VOCABULARY TERMS

4. GOVERNMENT

• The Institutions and individuals through which the state maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces decisions.

4. GOVERNMENT

GOVERNMENT

1. AUTOCRACY

• Rule by 1 in a country

• EX: Monarchs (who rule by heredity or by divine right) and Dictators (who take power though the military)

2. CAPITALISM

• An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for a profit in competitive markets.

3. DEMOCRACY

• Rule by the Many in a country

• A country in which the people hold the power over the government either directly or indirectly

5. LEGITIMACY

• The general acceptance that people have for their form of government and their political leaders.

• Do the people accept their government as legit?

5. LEGITIMACY

6. NATURALIZATION

• The process by which an alien becomes a new citizen in the United States

7. OLIGARCHY

• Rule by a few or a small group of people in a country who take power through heredity, connections, strength, or religion

• EX: China

8. POLITICAL CULTURE

• A way of thinking about how politics and government should be handled

• Think about the argument over health care

9. POLITICAL IDEOLOGY

• A shared and consistent set of beliefs that people hold about the type of government in a country as well as about the policies the government ought to pursue

10. POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION

• The process by which we pass along our beliefs about government and our attitudes about American Political Culture to the youth of society.

11. POLITICAL SPECTRUM

• The wide range of beliefs / ideology that people hold about the proper role and form of government

12. POLITICS

• The art of running a government.

• Any attempt to control the decisions and policies made by a government

13. PUBLIC POLICY

• THE FINAL DECISIONS (laws, rules, and regulations) made by a government.

TYPES OF DEMOCRACY

• 14. PURE / OR DIRECT / OR PARTICPATORY DEMOCRACY

• A form of democratic rule in which ALL of the people hold the power and are directly active in the day-to-day operation of and running of the government

• No country today but Initiative / Referendum / and Recall move us closer to a Pure Democracy

TYPES OF DEMOCRACY

• 15. REPUBLIC - INDIRECT OR REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY

• A form of democratic government in which the citizens hold the power but exercise their power by voting in elections to choose representatives who then run the day-to-day operations of government

16. SOCIALISM

• An economic system in which the means of production are either state owned or controlled

• It is also a political theory advocating a socialistic economic system

II. GOVERNMENT

WHAT’S IT REALLY GOOD FOR???

II. GOVERNMENT

• 1. What are the purposes of government?

• So what is it really good for? Edwin Starr would say “Absolutely Nothing! Say it again!”

II. PURPOSES OF GOVERNMENT

• A. Maintain Social Order –

• HOW? Passing of laws and rules

• Punishments and penalties

• Rewards


• B. Provide public services

• Can anyone give me examples:


• C. Provide protection and national security

• POLICE, FBI, ARMY/NAVY/MARINES/AIR FORCE

• FIRE DEPARTMENTS

• AMBULANCE


• D. Make economic decisions – control economic environment


• E. Settle Disputes

III. CIVICS AND CITIZENSHIP

• 1. CIVICS = Study of the rights and duties of citizens

• 2. CIVIC DUTY = Belief that citizens should be knowledgeable and participate in political affairs

• 3. CIVIC COMPETENCE = Belief that one can affect government policies

• 4. POLITICAL EFFICACY = One capacity to understand and to take part in political affairs

III. CIVICS / CITIZENSHIP

• 5. What are the major responsibilities of good citizens?


• 5 – Mandatory Obligations:

• Pay taxes

• Obey laws

• Jury Duty

• Selective Service


• 5. Things citizens SHOULD DO:

• Register to Vote

• Vote

• Serve in the Military

• Be Informed

• Work and be productive

• Volunteer (community service and political organizations)

III. CIVICS AND CITIZENSHIP

• 6. How many ways can a person be active in their society and democratic government?

III. CIVICS = ACTION

• 6. Voting = most common method

• Obey laws

• Join Political party or Interest Group

• Run for Political Office

• Volunteer in a political campaign

• Volunteer in a community program

• Donate time and/or money

• Keep Informed

III. PENNSYLVANIA VOTING

• What are the requirements that a person must meet in order to vote in PA?


• In order to vote in PA, a person must be:

• 1.) at least 18 years of age

• 2.) A citizen of the USA

• 3.) Resident of PA and of the district in PA in which they vote for 30 days prior to the election.

• 4.) Must be registered to vote 30 days before the election


• SEE THE HANDOUT IN YOUR NOTES PACKET FOR MORE DETAILS

VI. CITIZENSHIP

• 1. BASIC RULE – Every country has the right to make its own rules for citizenship. In the US system, that power falls to the US Congress.

VI CITIZENSHIP

• 3A(1) Jus Soli – Citizenship is conferred by the place of one’s birth.

• If you are born on US soil, then you are automatically a US Citizen

VI. CITIZENSHIP

• 3A(2) Jus Sanguinis – By Blood connection

• If one or more parents OR grandparents were US citizens at the time of your birth, then you are a US citizen regardless of where you are born

VI. CITIZENSHIP

• 3.) NATURALIZATION – The process by which citizenship is conferred (given) to a legal alien in the USA.

• Congress sets the rules for naturalization.

VI. CITIZENSHIP

• 3B – NO

• Citizenship cannot be revoked by the US government.

• 3C - BUT citizens have the RIGHT OF EXPATRIATION = The right to voluntarily give up their citizenship in the USA.

VI. CITIZENSHIP

• DUAL CITIZENSHIP means having citizenship in more than 1 country at the same time. (See Jus Sanguinis).

• The US does not embrace this but it is possible.

• Countries that recognize Dual Citizenship include Germany, Canada, Mexico, the UK, Italy, France, and India

VI. CITIZENSHIP

• 5D – No - states cannot deny an illegal alien a free public education or access to welfare.

• The US Supreme Court has made this ruling saying that they do not want to punish children for the improper decisions of their parents.

IV. GOVERNMENT

• 1. What is government?

• The body within a political entity which has the authority to make and enforce laws, rules, and regulations.

• It can also be used to refer to the people that hold authority in state.

IV. GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION

• 2. When looking at a government, you must figure out how the power is distributed.

IV. GOV’T ORGANIZATION

• 2A. A UNITARY SYSTEM

• ALL GOVERNMENT POWER IS CENTRALIZED IN A NATIONAL OR CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

• EX: UNITED KNIGDOM (PARLIAMENT)

2A. Unitary Government


• 2B. A FEDERAL SYSTEM OR FEDERALISM

• DIVISION OF POWER BETWEEN NATIONAL AND STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

• EX: USA

2B. FEDERAL SYSTEMS


• 2C. CONFEDERACY – CONFEDERATION

• A loose association of states with a common goal or purpose

• Examples?


• 2C. CONFEDERACY – CONFEDERATION

• Examples? USA Under the Articles of Confederation and the Confederate States of America

• SWITZERLAND – EUROPEAN UNION – UNITED NATIONS

CONFEDERATION

V. FORMS OF GOVERNMENT

• 1. Basic Test:

• WHO GOVERNS THE STATE? HOW MANY PEOPLE GOVERN?

• 3 TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS


• 2A. AUTOCRACY • RULE BY THE ONE - Any system of

government in which the power and authority to rule are in hands of 1 single individual

• -Oldest and most common form of government


• 2A. AUTOCRACY – Types:• TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIP• -IDEAS OF A SINGLE LEADER CONTROL• -TOTAL CONTROL OF ALL ASPECTS OF

POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LIFE• -USE OF FEAR, INTIMIDATION AND FORCE• -GOV’T IS NOT RESPONSIBLE TO THE

PEOPLE


• 2A. AUTOCRACY – Types:• TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIP• EXAMPLES:• NAZI GERMANY• STALINIST RUSSIA• CASTRO’S CUBA• HUSSEIN IN IRAQ• Kim Jung Il in North Korea

FAMOUS DICTATORS


• 2A. AUTOCRACY – Types: MONARCHY - RULE BY A KING OR QUEEN WHO EXERCISES SUPREME POWER

• -ABSOULTE MONARCHS HAVE COMPLETE AND UNLIMITED POWER

• -DIVINE RIGHT: POWER TO RULE IS GIVEN BY GOD


• 2A. AUTOCRACY – Types: MONARCHY – EXAMPLES:


• 2A. AUTOCRACY – Types:

• THEOCRACY - Government controlled by religious leader

• EX: THE AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI IN IRAN


• 2B. OLIGARCHY - RULE BY THE FEW - ANY SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH A SMALL GROUP HOLDS POWER

• -GOV’T BY THE PRIVILEGED• -POWER DERIVES FROM WEALTH,

MILITARY POWER, SOCIAL POSITION, RELIGION, OR A COMBO THEREOF


• 2B. OLIGARCHY – EXAMPLES:

• CHINA and IRAN TODAY


• 2C. DEMOCRACY - RULE BY THE MANY –

• ANY SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH RULE IS BY THE PEOPLE

• POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY – power to rule comes from the people


• 2C. DEMOCRACY – Types:– a. Direct Democracy (Pure or

Participatory Democracy)– ALL CITIZENS GOVERN THEMSELVES

BY VOTING ON ISSUES INDIVIDUALLY AS CITIZENS IN TOWN MEETINGS

– The will of the people is transformed into public policy directly in mass meetings


• 2C. DEMOCRACY – Types:– a. Direct Democracy (Pure or

Participatory)– PROS: More Democratic and more

responsible to the will of the people – CONS: Inefficient / Impractical /

Impossible today with large populations – EX: Ancient Athens & New England

Town Meetings


• 2C. DEMOCRACY – Types:– B. Representative Democracy / Indirect

Democracy / Republic – PEOPLE HOLD SOVEREIGN POWER BUT

ELECT REPRESENTATIVES IN FREE, COMPETITIVE ELECTIONS AND GIVE THEM RESPONSIBILITY AND POWER TO CONDUCT DAY TO DAY OPERATIONS OF GOVERNMENT

– -ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES ARE REPSONSIBLE TO THE PEOPLE


• 2C. DEMOCRACY – Types:– B. Representative Democracy / Indirect

Democracy / Republic – EX: USA– PROS: It is democratic and people still

control government when they vote and it is more efficient

– CONS: APATHY AND NON-VOTERS


• 2C. DEMOCRACY

• TECHNOLOGY TODAY: Can we be more like a Pure Democracy with technology?

• Possible with computers some day


• 2C. DEMOCRACY – There are new developments that make us more like a Pure Democracy.

• INITIATIVE: Power of citizens of some states to draft new laws or amendments to the state Constitutions by use of a Petition with required number of signatures – If done, then the proposed amendment automatically goes on the ballot for voter approval in next election



• REFERENDUM: THE PEOPLE’S VETO – Power granted to citizens of some states to vote no to laws passed (usually tax and spending bills) by the state or local legislatures



• RECALL: Power of citizens of some states to vote to remove elected officials prior to the end of their term of office (EX: Grey Davis and Arnold Schwarzenegger in CA)

UNIT I – VOCABULARY TERMS. 4. GOVERNMENT The Institutions and individuals through which the state maintains social order, provides public services, and.

Documents

type of government

government whats

government government1

form of democratic government

political theory

political ideologya

political leaders

political socialization