Unit I: The First Global Age. Centralizing Rulers: - Henry VIII and Elizabeth I of England - Louis XI and Henry IV of France - Charles V, the Hapsburg.

Unit I: The First Global Age

Centralizing Rulers:- Henry VIII and Elizabeth I of England- Louis XI and Henry IV of France- Charles V, the Hapsburg ruler of Spain and the ‘Holy

Roman Empire’- Philip II of Spain- Ivan IV of Russia

Absolute Monarchy: - Louis XIV of France*- Frederick the Great of Prussia- Peter the Great and Catherine the Great of Russia

Constitutional Monarchy:- Dutch Republic:

Stadholder and the States General- England:

English Civil War (1640-1649); Charles I beheadedCommonwealth; Oliver CromwellRestoration of 1660Glorious Revolution of 1688; William and Mary;

English Bill of Rights

A. The Rise of Nations1. Struggle for power during the Middle Ages

a. Roman Catholic Church (pope) v. regional monarchies (kingdoms)

*feudalism was on the decline*economic growth and territorial expansion*Decline of Church power and authority

b. Monarchs began to increase their authority*Pope was no longer a direct authority*Monarchies began to consolidate borders and power

-The shift occurred first in England and France

*Feelings of nationalism began to develop amongst subjects

A. The Rise of Nations (cont’d)2. Growth of Power in France

a. Hugh Capet and the Capetians (late 10th century)*made French throne hereditary*gained territory by playing rival nobles against each other

*developed a system of tax collection

b. Led to the Hundred Years’ War (1350’s -1450’s)*France v. England*Joan of Arc rallied the French to victory

-burned at the stake by the English (martyred and canonized)

-her efforts bolstered the power of French kings

*French kings developed policies that weakened the nobles and strengthened the monarchy

*The Estates-General had no real power over the king

A. The Rise of Nations (cont’d)3. Limited Monarchy in England

a. Norman Conquest (1066)*Duke of Normandy (William) conquers England and takes the Anglo-Saxon throne

-exerted firm control-Norman nobility (feudalism)-Domesday Book

b. English Legal System*Common Law: Henry II -same for all people -enforced by traveling justices -established a jury system

*Magna Carta or Great Charter (1215) -Nobility rebelled against King John and forced him to

sign the charter which placed limits on the king’s authority

*Parliament (1200’s)-council that evolved into a representative body

*English Church (1500’s): Henry VIII-Breakdown between monarchy and RCC, created

Church of England

Summary:

*Growing population and increase in trade led to a commercial revolution and growth of a middle class

*Renaissance brought new ideas to an isolated Europe; great works of art, architecture, and literature emerged

*Inventions like the printing press allowed, learning, new ideas, and beliefs to spread

*Religious changes, like the Protestant schism, challenged the old order instituted by the RCC, which stimulated political and social change

*Feudalism weakened, allowing nations to develop strong monarchies; some nations, however, shifted toward limited monarchies and paved the way for representative gov’ts