Geographical Concepts & The First Civilizations Hunter-Gatherer & Early Farmers Unit One VIDEO Unit Description This unit focuses on: ➔ Reviewing Geographical Concepts ➔ Learning about Hunter-Gatherer Societies ◆ how Agricultural Societies developed from them Unit Objectives 1. Students will understand that the earliest human communities hunted and gathered, made tools and used fire to meet their basic needs. 2. Students will understand how climatic changes, food scarcity and the the discovery of seed technology led early communities to the discovery of farming as a way to produce food. 3. Students will learn how geographical physical features and human modification of the environment influenced early farming communities. 4. Students will understand that in order to farm, people had to domestic animals and plants. Unit Nine (9) Guiding Questions 1. Can students locate places on a map or globe using latitude and longitude, cardinal directions and intermediate directions? 2. Can students explain the difference between a primary and secondary source? 3. Can students interpret artifacts? 4. Can students describe the wandering, nomadic life of hunter-gatherers? 5. Can students describe food, shelter, clothing and tools of hunter-gatherers?
18
Embed
Unit Description Geographical Concepts - Weebly · Equator An imaginary line that lies halfway between the North & South pole (0 degrees) Prime Meridian An imaginary vertical line
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Geographical Concepts&
The First Civilizations
Hunter-Gatherer & Early Farmers
Unit One
VIDEO
Unit DescriptionThis unit focuses on:
➔ Reviewing Geographical Concepts
➔ Learning about Hunter-Gatherer Societies
◆ how Agricultural Societies developed
from them
Unit Objectives
1. Students will understand that the earliest human communities hunted and
gathered, made tools and used fire to meet their basic needs.
2. Students will understand how climatic changes, food scarcity and the the
discovery of seed technology led early communities to the discovery of
farming as a way to produce food.
3. Students will learn how geographical physical features and human
modification of the environment influenced early farming communities.
4. Students will understand that in order to farm, people had to domestic
animals and plants.
Unit Nine (9) Guiding Questions
1. Can students locate places on a map or globe using latitude and longitude,
cardinal directions and intermediate directions?
2. Can students explain the difference between a primary and secondary source?
3. Can students interpret artifacts?
4. Can students describe the wandering, nomadic life of hunter-gatherers?
5. Can students describe food, shelter, clothing and tools of hunter-gatherers?
Compass Rose A directional marker on a map that shows cardinal and intermediate directions
Equator An imaginary line that lies halfway between the North & South pole (0 degrees)
Prime Meridian An imaginary vertical line that runs North to South through Greenwich, England
Absolute Location The exact location of a place - the latitude and longitude (global location) or a street address (local location) of an exact place
Geographical Terms to KnowProjection A way of showing the round Earth on a flat map
Distort To twist out of shape or change the size of
Special-Purpose Map A map that shows themes or patterns such as climate, natural resources or population
choropleth A special-purpose map that uses color to show population density
migration The movement of people from one place to settle in another place
culture The set of beliefs, behaviors and traits shared by a group of people
Geographical Terms to KnowRelative Location Described by landmarks, time, direction or distance from one place to another
Map Scale Shows the mathematical relationship by which distances on a map reduce actual distances on Earth
Map Coordinates Latitude lines are always listed first in coordinates (Latitude, Longitude)
Map Legend Lists and explains the symbols and colors used on a map
Physical Map Map of the Physical features of the area of land (mountains, rivers, deserts)
Political Map Map of the political boundaries of an area of land (divides into countries)
Climate Map Map describing the climate of an area of land
Population Map Illustrates how many people live in different places on the map
Geographical Terms to KnowMap Used to locate places - a drawing of the Earth’s surface
Globe A round object, shaped like a ball (sphere) that has a map of the world on it
Atlas A book of maps or charts
Cartographer A person that makes a map
Natural Resource Map Shows the natural resources in an area (minerals, oil, fossil fuels)
Hemisphere A half-sphere used to refer to one-half of the globe when divided into North and South or East and West
VIDEO
Latitude & Longitude
Most maps have lines on it that look like lines on a sheet of graph paper. These are the latitude and longitude lines that help us find an absolute location on the map. The lines on the map are measured in degrees.
VIDEO
VIDEOVIDEO Lines of Latitude
● Lines of latitude circle the Earth parallel to the Equator.
● They measure distance north of south of the Equator in
Human Environment & InteractionThroughout history, people adapted and changed their
natural environment. For example, ancient hunters
learned to grow food crops in the Americas.
Later, Native Americans in the Southwest found ways to
bring water to the desert so they could farm the land.
Ancient American hunters learned to plant seeds and
grow crops.
Americans in the Southwest developed methods of
irrigation (bringing water to dry land). Today, advances
in technology allow people to alter their environment
dramatically.
VIDEO
6 Essential Elements
The World in Spatial Terms
What do geographers do when studying a certain place? They first take a look at where the place is located. Location is a useful starting point. You develop an awareness of the world around you
Places and Regions Place has a special meaning in geography. It describes where a place is and what a place is like. It may describe physical characteristics such as landforms, climate and plant and animal life. Geographers group places into regions that are unified by one or more common characteristics
Physical Systems When geographers study places and regions, they analyze how physical systems - such as hurricanes, volcanoes and glaciers shape the Earth’s surface. They also look at communities living things and how plants and animals depend on one another and their surroundings for survival
Human Systems Refers to how people have shaped our world. Looks at how borders are decided and why people settle in certain places and not in others. A basic theme in geography is the movement of people, ideas and goods
6 Essential Elements
Environment and Society
How the relationship between people and their natural surroundings influence the way we live. It shows how people use the environment and how their actions affect the environment
The Uses of Geography
Geography helps us understand the relationships among people, places and environments. Mastering the tools and technology used for studying geography can also help us in our daily lives
Types of Maps
● Geographers use many different types of maps
● Different types of maps are often collected into one book
called an atlas
● Two of the most common general-purpose maps are
Physical and Political Maps
Physical & Political Maps
Physical Maps Political Maps
Show land and water features Show the names and borders of countries
Colors are used include brown or green for land and blue for water
Shows the locations of cities and other human-made features of a place
May also use colors to show elevation - the height of an area above sea level
Often identifies major physical features of a land area
A key explains the meaning of each color
Special-Purpose Maps
● Usually shows patters such as climate, natural
resources or population
● A road map is another example of a special-purpose
map
● May be used to display historical information such as
battles or territorial changes
Reading Maps
● An important step in reading a map is to study the map
key
● The key explains the lines, colors and symbols used on
the map.
● The map scale is a measuring line that tells you
distances represented on the map
Compass Rose & Cardinal Directions
● A compass rose tells you the position of the cardinal
directions
● Cardinal directions are -- North, South, East, West
● Cardinal directions help you explain the relative
location of any place on Earth
We use a compass rose to determine directions on a map. A compass rose uses Cardinal and Intermediate directions.
❖ Climate is determined by the latitude of a country -- meaning how far or how close a place is to the equator.➢ Closer to the equator is hotter➢ Farther from the equator is colder
❖ Climate is also determined by altitude such as a mountain.➢ Higher altitudes are cclder
Global Climate Regions Factors that Affect Climate
Weather The condition of the Earth’s atmosphere (or air). It could be hot, cold, rainy, dry or something in-between.
Climate The average weather of a place over a period of 20-30 years. Two features define climate, temperature & precipitation.
Precipitation The water that falls from the sky in the form of rain or snow. The location and altitude or height of the land above sea level also influences climate
VIDEO
What is Difference Between Climate & Weather?
Climate is the pattern of weather conditions in
a certain area over a long period of time
Time Zones
● There are a total of 24 Time Zones around the world.
● A new time zone starts every 15 degrees longitude
Rivers Provide transportation for boats and provides moisture (or water) for most part of the plains of the United States
Lakes
Tributary A stream or smaller river that flows into a larger one.
VIDEO
Definition of Culture
Culture is the entire way of life that people have developed. It includes , behaviors, beliefs, customs and skills that people teach to every new generation.