Unit 8 Chapter 15 Section 1 Texas Secession. Objective: What are the five causes of the Civil War? What was the new Southern nation called? How did Texas.

Unit 8 Chapter 15 Section 1Unit 8 Chapter 15 Section 1Texas SecessionTexas Secession

Objective:Objective: What are the five What are the five causes of the Civil War? What causes of the Civil War? What was the new Southern nation was the new Southern nation

called? How did Texas get called? How did Texas get involved? Where did the war involved? Where did the war

start?start?

Cause #1: SectionalismCause #1: Sectionalism

– Prior to the Civil War, the United States Prior to the Civil War, the United States was not really was not really unitedunited. Our country was . Our country was more like two more like two separateseparate countries countries sharing the same land. sharing the same land.

The The NorthNorth had had industryindustry (manufacturing), large (manufacturing), large cities, a diverse population, and favored the cities, a diverse population, and favored the politics of the politics of the RepublicanRepublican party which party which supported the abolition of slavery.supported the abolition of slavery.

The The SouthSouth had an economy based on had an economy based on agriculture agriculture (farming), a plantation lifestyle, (farming), a plantation lifestyle, the views of the the views of the DemocraticDemocratic party, and party, and supported the institution of slavery.supported the institution of slavery.

Cause #1: SectionalismCause #1: Sectionalism

– Southerners were especially loyal to Southerners were especially loyal to their state, and their section of the their state, and their section of the country (i.e., the South). This idea is country (i.e., the South). This idea is called called sectionalismsectionalism..

– The intense feelings of sectionalism The intense feelings of sectionalism further further divideddivided the country into two the country into two separate sections – the North and the separate sections – the North and the South.South.

SectionalismSectionalism

The two sections disagreed about The two sections disagreed about

1.1. Economics and Protective tariffs Economics and Protective tariffs

2.2. Slavery Slavery

3.3. Nature of “Union” of States; Nature of “Union” of States; States States RightsRights vs.vs. Perpetual UnionPerpetual Union

Issue 1: economicsIssue 1: economics

NorthNorth IndustryIndustry ShippingShipping Small farmersSmall farmers Make own finished Make own finished

goodsgoods Want tariffs to Want tariffs to

protect industryprotect industry

Issue 1: economicsIssue 1: economics

SouthSouth Large plantationsLarge plantations King cottonKing cotton Many small farmsMany small farms Industry underdevelopedIndustry underdeveloped Import finished goodsImport finished goods Dislike tariffs they hurt Dislike tariffs they hurt

imports/exportsimports/exports

Cause #2: SlaveryCause #2: Slavery– Slavery was concentrated in the Slavery was concentrated in the SouthSouth on large on large cottoncotton

plantations. There were plantations. There were 182,000182,000 slaves in Texas in 1860. slaves in Texas in 1860. Only 5% of Texans owned slaves, because most people Only 5% of Texans owned slaves, because most people were were poorpoor..

– Slavery was a cause of the Civil War for two reasons:Slavery was a cause of the Civil War for two reasons: #1 – The South viewed slavery as a #1 – The South viewed slavery as a necessitynecessity to to

maintaining their economic wealth. Slaves had no maintaining their economic wealth. Slaves had no rights and were considered rights and were considered propertyproperty. However, many . However, many people in the North viewed slavery as people in the North viewed slavery as evil evil and and unconstitutional.unconstitutional.

#2 – Slavery was not just a moral issue but a #2 – Slavery was not just a moral issue but a politicalpolitical issue as well. The North feared the spread of slavery issue as well. The North feared the spread of slavery to new territories, which could cause an imbalance of to new territories, which could cause an imbalance of power.power.– If there were more If there were more slaveslave states in the U.S., then the states in the U.S., then the

South would have more power in Congress.South would have more power in Congress.– If there were more If there were more freefree states in the U.S., the North states in the U.S., the North

would have more power in Congress.would have more power in Congress.

Issue 2: Slavery Issue 2: Slavery the "peculiar institution"the "peculiar institution"

NorthNorth States States outlawedoutlawed by by

early 19th century. early 19th century. enslaved labor is enslaved labor is

competition competition Slaves might Slaves might

replacereplace laborerslaborers

SouthSouth State State laws laws

protectedprotected slavery slavery Economy Economy

dependeddepended on on slave labor. slave labor.

Cause #2: SlaveryCause #2: Slavery

– There was a growing movement of There was a growing movement of abolitionistsabolitionists, or people who wanted to , or people who wanted to end slavery.end slavery.

– Many Northerners who were against Many Northerners who were against slavery joined the new slavery joined the new RepublicanRepublican Party. Party. They were opposed by Southerners in They were opposed by Southerners in the the DemocraticDemocratic Party that supported Party that supported slavery.slavery.

Cause #3: States’ RightsCause #3: States’ Rights

– States’ rightsStates’ rights is the idea that each state is the idea that each state had the right to determine whether or had the right to determine whether or not to follow federal laws.not to follow federal laws.

– SouthernersSoutherners supported states’ rights, as supported states’ rights, as opposed to federal control.opposed to federal control.

They believed they had the right to own They believed they had the right to own slavesslaves and even and even secedesecede, or withdraw, from , or withdraw, from the Union if they desired it.the Union if they desired it.

They argued that They argued that sovereigntysovereignty, or supreme , or supreme power, rested in the states.power, rested in the states.

They also felt that any federal tax They also felt that any federal tax restrictedrestricted the rights of the individual states.the rights of the individual states.

South: States’ RightsSouth: States’ Rights

BeliefsBeliefs States had freely joined USAStates had freely joined USA Union like a contractUnion like a contract States could leave at willStates could leave at will Rights of Rights of states states supersede rights supersede rights Federal Federal

GovernmentGovernment Sorry USAState first!

Hey, no fair

Cause #3: States’ RightsCause #3: States’ Rights

– NorthernersNortherners did not support states’ did not support states’ rights.rights.

They believed the They believed the nationalnational government had government had final power.final power.

The federal government had the power to The federal government had the power to make make lawslaws that applied to all states, including that applied to all states, including imposing imposing tariffstariffs (a tax on trade). (a tax on trade).

North: Perpetual UnionNorth: Perpetual Union

BeliefsBeliefs States madeStates made promise promise when joined USA when joined USA Impossible to leaveImpossible to leave rights of rights of Federal GovernmentFederal Government supersedesupersede

rights of rights of individual statesindividual states Me first

Cause #4: Election of 1860Cause #4: Election of 1860

– There were two main candidates There were two main candidates for for presidentpresident of the United States of the United States in in 18601860..

RepublicanRepublican Party – Abraham Lincoln Party – Abraham Lincoln DemocraticDemocratic Party – Stephen Douglas Party – Stephen Douglas

Lincoln’s 1860 election Lincoln’s 1860 election

Southern perspectiveSouthern perspective RepublicanRepublican unacceptable for Southern Democrats, unacceptable for Southern Democrats, stood against expansion of slavery stood against expansion of slavery This would ruin South’s economy.This would ruin South’s economy.

No expansion of slavery!

Cause #4: Election of 1860Cause #4: Election of 1860

– When When Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln won the presidential won the presidential election of 1860, Southerners believed that election of 1860, Southerners believed that their rights would no longer be their rights would no longer be respectedrespected..

– Southern leaders believed it was time to Southern leaders believed it was time to secedesecede, or withdraw, from the Union., or withdraw, from the Union.

– As a result, As a result, 66 states immediately voted to states immediately voted to withdraw from the Union.withdraw from the Union.

– Many Texans urged Governor Many Texans urged Governor Sam HoustonSam Houston to to issue a call for a issue a call for a conventionconvention to consider the to consider the secession of Texas.secession of Texas.

Cause #5: SecessionCause #5: Secession

– On January 28, 1861, Texas leaders met in On January 28, 1861, Texas leaders met in Austin at the Austin at the Texas SecessionTexas Secession Convention. The Convention. The delegates quickly adopted a decree called the delegates quickly adopted a decree called the Ordinance of Secession. This Ordinance of Secession. This ordinanceordinance, or , or local law, declared that the U.S. government local law, declared that the U.S. government had abused its power and Texas had the right had abused its power and Texas had the right to secede.to secede.

– On February 23, 1861, the people of Texas On February 23, 1861, the people of Texas voted and approved secession. Texas became voted and approved secession. Texas became the the 77thth state to withdraw from the Union. state to withdraw from the Union.

Cause #5: SecessionCause #5: Secession

– At the At the MontgomeryMontgomery Convention, Convention, delegates from seceded states formed a delegates from seceded states formed a new nation called the new nation called the Confederate Confederate States of America.States of America.

Under the Confederate Under the Confederate ConstitutionConstitution, the , the states were given more power, and the states were given more power, and the federal government was given less.federal government was given less.

They selected They selected Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis as president of as president of the CSA.the CSA.

A Texan, A Texan, John H. ReaganJohn H. Reagan, became postmaster , became postmaster general.general.

Cause #5: SecessionCause #5: Secession

– GovernorGovernor Sam Houston was opposed to Sam Houston was opposed to secession. He was removed from his position secession. He was removed from his position because he refused to take the because he refused to take the oath oath of of allegiance to the Confederacy.allegiance to the Confederacy.

– Overall, Overall, 1111 southern states seceded from the southern states seceded from the Union and joined the CSA.Union and joined the CSA.

– Abraham Lincoln viewed Southern secession as Abraham Lincoln viewed Southern secession as an unconstitutional act. He believed the Union an unconstitutional act. He believed the Union was was perpetualperpetual, or continuing forever., or continuing forever.

– On April 12, 1861, Southern troops attacked On April 12, 1861, Southern troops attacked Fort Fort SumterSumter, a Union garrison off the coast of , a Union garrison off the coast of Charleston, South Carolina. This was the first Charleston, South Carolina. This was the first battle of the Civil War. No one was killed; as this battle of the Civil War. No one was killed; as this was a “bloodless opening to the bloodiest war was a “bloodless opening to the bloodiest war in American history.”in American history.”

Secession Secession

Considered actions Considered actions legallegal South Carolina South Carolina secededseceded 1860. 1860. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia,

Louisiana, and Louisiana, and TexasTexas soon followed soon followed

I'm outta here!

Wait we’re leaving, too!

April 12, 1861 Confederate troops open April 12, 1861 Confederate troops open fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston, South fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston, South

CarolinaCarolina

To Arms!!!!To Arms!!!!

Lincoln calls out militias Lincoln calls out militias Subdue uprising in South Subdue uprising in South Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina,

Tennessee seceded insteadTennessee seceded insteadVolunteersTo preserve the UNION!!

And attack fellow Southerners?

NEVER!!!!