Unit 6 db m toy

Reflection

Maria ToyUnit 6 Discussion

Learning Objectives

The learning objectives are to:Understand the role of the instructor in their

students’ digital citizenshipLearn techniques used for designing online

instructionApply technology in online instructionDetermine the role of technology in online

instruction in the future

Digital CitizenshipDigital citizenship is defined as “the quality of habits, actions, consumption patterns that impact the ecology of digital content and communities” (Heick, 2013).

By promoting learning through multimedia instruction, instructors play an important role in their students’ digital citizenship.

Designing Online Instruction

Backward DesignClark and Mayer’s

PrinciplesUniversal Design for

Learning

Backward DesignWhen designing online instruction is designed, it is more effective to consider the goals first. Known as Backward Design, the three stages are, as follows:

“Stage 1: Identify Desired Results

Stage 2: Determine Acceptable Evidence of Learning

Stage 3: Design Learning Experiences & Instruction “

(Instructional Design, n.d.)

If I want to create an effective learning object for Unit 5, Applyingthe Personalization Principle toMultimedia Instruction, I had toconsider the learning outcomes thatI wanted to achieve. The learning outcomes were:

(1) Understand the purpose of the personalization principle(2) Identify the different ways that

personalization principle can be applied(3) Learn how to apply the personalization principle in multimedia instruction

Clark and Mayer’s PrinciplesPeople learn better when the following principles are applied:

• Modality – Animation and narration is more effective than narration and text.

• Redundancy – Narration and text that mirror the narration should not be used together.

• Contiguity – When text is used, it should correspond with the graphics.

• Coherence – Instructors should avoid using irrelevant material.

• Multimedia – Words and pictures should be used rather than words alone.

• Personalization – Conversational style, virtual coaches, and visible authors should be used.

(Clark & Mayer, 2011)

Example: There were many clouds in the sky that

day.

Universal Design“Guideline 1: PerceptionGuideline 2: Language, Mathematical

Expressions, and SymbolsGuideline 3: ComprehensionGuideline 4: Physical ActionGuideline 5: Expression and

CommunicationGuideline 6: Executive FunctionsGuideline 7: Recruiting InterestGuideline 8: Sustaining effort and

persistenceGuideline 9: Self-regulation”

(CAST, 2011)

Example: Students are given the

option to listen to audio recording of

the seminar instead of attending the

video seminar.

Applying technology in Online Instruction

LMS

Web 2.0 Tools

LMS

Pros• Students can access the

LMS anytime.• Students can review their

performance on an LMS.• An LMS can be easily

updated.

(Parker, 2014)

Cons• The interface of an LMS is confusing to

students.• Institutions have a limited ability to

implement tools in an LMS.• An LMS is costly for institutions to license.• The implementation of an LMS is complex.

(Black, Beck, Dawson, Jinks, & DiPietro, 2007; Siemens, 2004).

• The content of an LMS cannot be shared outside of the institution.

(Siemens, 2004)

Web 2.0 Tools

Pros• Web 2.0 tools encourage

collaboration among students.

• Web 2.0 tools provide motivation to students.

• Web 2.0 tools improve students’ skills and knowledge.(Kovalik, Kuo, Cummins, Dipzinski, Joseph, & Laskey, 2014)

Cons• Instructors do not know

how to use Web 2.0 tools.• Instructors do not have the

time teach students how to use Web 2.0 tools.

• Institutions are unable to address technical support issues that students may have.(Kovalik et al., 2014)

Future Trends

Personal Learning Network (PLN)

Web 3.0 ToolsMobile Learning

(mLearning)

PLN

Students learn by drawing upon resources that they select themselves (Mott, 2010).

Example: Students can stay updated in the fieldby following Twitter.

Web 3.0 Tools

Web 3.0 tools takes data and obtains meaningfrom it (Morris, 2011).

Example: Web 3.0 tools would be able to let instructors know when their students are notdoing well so they can reach out to them.

mLearning

Students would be able to learn “on the go”with their mobile devices (Crow, Santos,LeBaron, McFadden, & Osborne, 2010).

Example: Students can listen to a missedseminar on their iPods.

Summary

In sum, instructors possess a responsibility to help students become digital citizens. In order to promote learning, instructors should apply Backward Design, Clark and Mayer’s principles, and Universal Design for Learning when designing multimedia instruction. When designing multimedia instruction, instructors should weigh the pros and cons of the LMS and Web 2.0 tools to determine how to use them. In the future, we will likely see PLN, Web 3.0 tools, and mLearning become trends in online instruction.

ReferencesBlack, E.W., Beck, D., Dawson, K., Jinks, S., & DiPietro, M. (2007). The other side of theLMS: Considering implementation and use in the adoption of an LMS in online andblended learning environments. Techtrends:  Linking Research & Practice to ImproveLearning, 51(2), 35-39.

CAST (2011). Universal Design for Learning Guidelines version 2.0. Wakefield, MA: Author. Retrieved from http://www.udlcenter.org/aboutudl/udlguidelines

Clark, R. C., & Mayer, R. E. (2011). E-learning and the science of instruction: Proven guidelines for  consumers and designers of multimedia instruction (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer.

Crow, R., Santos, I.M. LeBaron, J., McFadden, A.T. and Osborne, C.F. (2010). Switching gears: Moving from e-learning to m-learning. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 268– 278. Retrieved from http://jolt.merlot.org/vol6no1/crow_0310.htm

References

T Heick. (2013, May 2). The definition of digital citizenship. [Web log comment]. Retrieved from http://www.teachthought.com/technology/the-definition-of-digital-citzenship/

Instructional Design. (n.d.). Backward design. Retrieved from http://www.instructionaldesign.org/models/backward_design.html

Kovalik, C., Kuo, C., Cummins, M., Dipzinski, E., Joseph, P., & Laskey, S. (2014). Implementing web 2.0 tools in the classroom: Four teachers’ accounts. Techtrends:  Linking Research & Practice To Improve Learning, 58(5), 90-94.

Morris, R.D. (2011). Web 3.0: Implications for Online Learning. Techtrends:  LinkingResearch & Practice To Improve Learning, 55(1), 42-46.

References

Mott, J. (2010). Envisioning the Post-LMS Era: The Open Learning Network. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, 33(1).

B Parker (2014, December 29). Top 5 benefits of using a learning management system. [Web log comment]. Retrieved from http://elearningbrothers.com/top-5-benefits-of-using-a-learning-management-system/

Siemens, G. (2004, November 22). Learning management systems: The wrong place to start learning. Retrieved from http://www.elearnspace.org/Articles/lms.htm