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Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10
47

Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na + Sodium Ion Mg 2+ Magnesium Ion.

Dec 31, 2015

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Page 1: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Unit 6

Chemical Naming and MolesChapter 9-10

Page 2: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Naming Ions

Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na+ Sodium Ion Mg2+ Magnesium Ion

Page 3: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Naming Ions

Negative Ions, anions, change ending of element to –ide Cl- Chloride Ion Br- Bromide Ion

Page 4: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Unique Anions Names N3- Nitride Ion

O2- Oxide Ion

S2- Sulfide Ion

P3- Phosphide Ion

Page 5: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Polyatomic Ions

Selected polyatomic ions are on Table E in the Reference Tables.

Polyatomic ions keep their names in most chemical names

Page 6: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Naming Systems

Ionic System Stock System (Roman Numerals) Binary Covalent System (Prefixes)

Page 7: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

When to use ionic system

First element is a metal NaCl

More than 2 elements, meaning polyatomic ion is involved NH4Cl

Page 8: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Naming Ionic Compounds

Name positive ion first, then negative ion. NaCl Sodium chloride Mg(OH)2 Magnesium hydroxide

Page 9: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.
Page 10: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Problem Name these 2 compounds, using the

ionic system

CuCl Copper Chloride

CuCl2 Copper Chloride

Different compounds need to have different names

Page 11: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Stock System

Use when the metal element has more than one positive oxidation number

Page 12: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Stock System

We must indicate which charge the metal ion has, using Roman Numerals CuCl CuCl2 Cu+1 Cu+2

Copper(I)ChlorideCopper(II)Chloride

Roman Numeral is the charge of the metal ion

Page 13: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Roman NumeralsCation Charge

Roman Numeral

+1 I

+2 II

+3 III

+4 IV

+5 V

+6 VI

+7 VII

+8 VIII

Page 14: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Example

Fe3(PO4)2

Iron(II) Phosphate

-3

-3

+6 -6

PO4

PO4

Fe

Fe

Fe+2

+2

+2

Page 15: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.
Page 16: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Binary Covalent Compounds

Use when compound is 2 nonmetals Including metalloids

Use a prefix system to indicate the number of atoms for each element

Second element ends in -ide

Page 17: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Prefixes

Number of atoms Prefix

1 mono-

2 di-

3 tri-

4 tetra-

5 penta-

6 hexa-

7 hepta-

8 octa-

Page 18: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Example

N2Cl3 Dinitrogen Trichloride

Page 19: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Exceptions

When there is only one atom of the first element, do not use mono- prefix. CO2

Carbon dioxide OF2

Oxygen difluoride

Page 20: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Exceptions

When an element starts with a vowel, drop any o or a at the end of a prefix CO

Carbon Monooxide Carbon Monoxide

P2O5

Diphosphorus Pentaoxide Diphosphorus Pentoxide

Page 21: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.
Page 22: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Words representing Numbers

Dozen 12 Baker’s Dozen 13 Gross 144 Ream 500 Mole 6.02 x 1023

Page 23: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Avogadro’s Number

6.02 x 1023

Number of representative particles in a mole

1 mol He = 6.02 x 1023 atoms 1 mol H2 = 6.02 x 1023 molecules

Page 24: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Practice

2 mol H2 = 12.04 x 1023 molecules

2 mol H2 = 24.08 x 1023 atoms

2 mol H2O = 36.12 x 1023 atoms

2 mol C6H12O6 = 72.24 x 1023 O atoms

Page 25: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Mole-Mass relationship

1 mole of any element equals the atomic mass in grams

1 mol Carbon = 12.01g Carbon

1 mol Iron = 55.8g Iron

Page 26: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Gram Formula Mass

Mass of the formula in g/mol Simply add the atomic masses of

each element in the formula together

H2O = 1 + 1 + 16 = 18 g/mol Also known as gram atomic mass,

gram molecular mass, molar mass

Page 27: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Rounding

Round most masses to the nearest whole gram

Except: Copper, Cu 63.5 Chlorine, Cl 35.5

Page 28: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Practice

KNO3 = 39 + 14 + 16(3) = 101 g/mol

C6H14 = 12(6) + 1(14) = 86 g/mol

CuSO4 = 63.5 + 32 + 16(4) = 159.5 g/mol

Page 29: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Mole - Mass Conversion

Example: 96 g of Oxygen gas = ? mol

molmolg

gmol 3

/32

96#

Page 30: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Practice

How many moles are there in 506g of ethanol, C2H6O?

What is the mass of 8 moles of CCl4?

molg

gx

/46

506

molg

xmol

/1548 1232g CCl4

11 mol C2H6O

Page 31: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Molar Volume

At STP, 1 mol of any gas occupies 22.4L of space

Examples: 2 mol of He occupies how much

space at STP? 11.2L will have how much H2 gas

at STP?

44.8L

0.5 mol

Page 32: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Mole Road Map

Page 33: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.
Page 34: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Review

How many moles are in 584g of SF6?

How many grams are in 6 mol of HCl?

X =584g

146 g/mol= 4 mol

6 mol =X

36.5 g/mol= 219 g

Page 35: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Percent Composition

%100*Whole

Part

Page 36: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Example

H2O

H

100*18

2

11.1% H

O

100*18

16

88.9% O

Page 37: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Another Example

NH3

N

100*17

14

82.4% N

H

100*17

3

17.6% H

Page 38: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Percent Composition

What is the percent composition of oxygen in H2SO3?

58.5% 100*82

48

Page 39: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Percent Composition

What is the percent composition of aluminum in Al2(SO4)3?

15.8% 100*342

54

Page 40: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Percent Composition

What is the percent composition of nitrogen in NH4NO3?

35% 100*80

28

Page 41: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Hydrates

Compounds that have a specific number of water molecules attached

Dot means plus (+) gfm = 159.5 + 5(18) = 249.5g/mol

CuSO4·5H2O

Page 42: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.
Page 43: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Formulas

Molecular Formula Shows the total number of atoms in a

molecule H2O

Structural Formula Shows the total number of atoms in a

molecule, and how the bonds are arranged

O H

H

Page 44: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Empirical Formula

Simplest Whole-Number ratio of atoms in a compound

Examples CO2

P4O10 P2O5

C6H12O6 CH2O

Page 45: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Empirical Formula

Molecular Formula is a multiple of the Empirical Formula

Page 46: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Examples

Compound that has 4 carbon atoms for every 8 hydrogen atoms

C4H8 CH2

Compound that has 6 carbon atoms for every 18 hydrogen atoms

C6H18 CH3

Page 47: Unit 6 Chemical Naming and Moles Chapter 9-10. Naming Ions Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na +  Sodium Ion Mg 2+  Magnesium Ion.

Empirical Formula

A molecular formula has an empirical formula of CH2 and a molecular mass of 28 g/mol.

A molecular formula has an empirical formula of CH2 and a molecular mass of 42 g/mol.

C2H4

C3H6