Unit 6 – Chemical Bonds SPS1b. Compare and contrast ionic bonds in terms of electron position. SPS2b. Predict formulas for stable and binary ionic compounds.

Unit 6 – Chemical Bonds

SPS1b. Compare and contrast ionic bonds in terms of electron position.SPS2b. Predict formulas for stable and binary ionic compounds based

on balance charges.SPS2c. Use IUPAC nomenclature for transition between chemical names

and chemical formulas.

What part of the ATOM makes the bonding of two elements possible?

Unit 6 Activator • Work in groups of 4. • One student per group chooses an element

from Group 1, 2, 17, or 18. Each student should pick a different group to pick from.

• The other students in the group then find that element on the periodic table and determine how many outer electrons the element has.

• HINT: you could draw a Bohr Model to help you figure this out.

Bohr Model Refresher

Energy Level 1

2

8

18

Energy Level 2

Energy Level 3

Unit 6 Activator AnswersGroup 1 Group 2 Group 17 Group 18

Most Reactive NON Reactive

TOD/HWUsing your Student Learning Map

• On a piece of paper use Unit 6 Standards and Elements –Standard is the SPS#–Element is the a,b,c part

• Take the standards and create a brace map – breaking down the standards and the elements.

Bridge Map Analogies

• Define:– Atoms:

– Compound:

• Create an analogy of your own.

Unit 6 – Chemical Bonds

SPS1b. Compare and contrast ionic bonds in terms of electron position.SPS2b. Predict formulas for stable and binary ionic compounds based

on balance charges.SPS2c. Use IUPAC nomenclature for transition between chemical names

and chemical formulas.

ACTIVATOR:Answer the 2 (red)

questions in your notes

• Jigsaw puzzles can have hundreds or thousands of pieces. To complete the puzzle, you need to infer how each piece fits together. Size, shape, and markings all give clues as to how the pieces should be placed to make a picture.

1. Where do the remaining pieces belong? How do you know?

2. How might a compound and its individual elements compare to a puzzle and its pieces?

The magic number for valance electrons is what?

8

Octet (8)Rule…..

• An atom is chemically stable when its outer energy level is COMPLETE.

• Elements are stable when they contain EIGHT valence electrons.

• The exception is Hydrogen and Helium that are stable with TWO electrons.

The magic number for valance electrons is what?

8

What charge is an electron?

Electron Dot diagrams• A way of keeping track of

valence electrons.• How to write them• Write the symbol.• Put one dot for each valence

electron• Don’t pair up until they have

to

X

The Electron Dot diagram for Nitrogen

Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons.

First we write the symbol.

NThen add 1 electron at a time to each side.Until they are forced to pair up.

Example

• Draw a dot diagram for Be:

TOD!

• Complete the dot diagrams• OMIT – chemical formulas on Back Side!

ACTIVATORWrite the electron dot diagram for

Na

Mg

C

O

F

Ne

He

I

Unit 6 Introduction Foldable – pg 604

• How many valence electrons does an atom want to have?–8– Make 8 flaps on foldable– Label Out side of Flaps

• Group 1• Group 2• Group 13• Group 14• Group 15• Group 16• Group 17• Group 18

Inside of Flaps• Write the correct number of Valence Electrons that goes with the group number

• Group 1 =• Group 2 =• Group 13 =• Group 14 =• Group 15 =• Group 16 =• Group 17 =• Group 18 =

Complete the worksheet!

• Front side is examples of single atom dot diagram.

• 1 – 20 (omit any transition metals)• And top chart on back.• STOP when done!• You do not do the bottom chart (YET!)

Create a BAR Graph forGroups (1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)

vs. Number of Valence Electrons

Graph!

• Turn in TOD!

TOD• Answer today's essential question

(EQ) and turn in. • EQ: How does the interaction of valence

electrons form chemical compounds?• What type of bond is this?

• Draw the dot diagram for the compound formed using:• K and Br

ACTIVATOR• Draw the dot diagram for the compound

formed using:#1- K and Br

#2 - Mg and S#3 – Na and F

• What type of bonds are formed with both of these compounds?

• Na and Cl• Ca and Se

Complete Part 2 from yesterday

• Bottom data table!• Omit Cl and Cl• Omit At and At• Omit Chemical Formula Column • TURN IN as TOD• Entire Paper Graded Tonight

Dot Diagrams Showing Chemical Compounds

Elements Compound Formed Type of Bond Chemical Formula

KEEP your current event !You can use it for next Monday.

• GET CLICKERS• PERIODIC TABLE OUT• NOTE BOOK OUT AND OPEN

Activator: copy chart and complete in your notes section

Element Group # Valence Electrons

Gain or Lose Electrons To Get to 8

How many electrons being gained or lost

Oxidation number and charge

Cation or an Anion

RbSrGaNTeBrKr

GET 8 – EIGHTDifferent Colors

Color Code: Groups vs. Valence Electrons

OMITOMIT

KE Group 1= 1 V.E.Group 1 = 1 V.E.

Add Oxidation NumbersGroup 14 +/- 4

Oxidation Numbers on Bottom

Valence Electrons on Top

Activator: copy chart and complete in your notes section

Element Group # Valence Electrons

Gain or Lose Electrons To Get to 8

How many electrons being gained or lost

Oxidation number and charge

Cation or an Anion (we will come back and do this column)

LiMgBSClK

Mg

What is a bond? (define in your own words)

• A chemical bond is the force that holds atoms together in a compound.

• A chemical bond is not permanent.

• Two types of bonds:– Ionic “taking or gaining”– Covalent “sharing”

What is an ion? (define in your own words)

• An ion is a charged particle because it now has either more or fewer electrons than protons.

• It’s the electrical forces between oppositely charged particles, such as ions that hold compounds together.

Draw the ion for Na and Cl if they formed a compound.

Ionic Bonds• Ionic bond – is when an atom gains or loses

electrons (Keep in mind that electrons are -)• These bonds form between metals and non-

metal.• For example GROUP 1 bonds with GROUP ?• When an atom loses an electron (-) it becomes

over all Positive making a CA+ION• When an atom gains an electron (-) it

becomes over all Negative making a ANION

Chemical Compound Formation

Use these words to complete the flow map: Anion, cation, compound, bond, ion ,neutral, and define each!

Use your textbook (BLUE) to create a Double Bubble for Ionic Bonds (pg. 610) vs.

Covalent Bonds (pg. 611) Use page 608 for similarities.

IONIC COVALENT

Marriage

Divorce

Forming of a bond is like marriage

•More stable

•exothermic

The breaking of a bond relates to a divorce.

•Less stable

•Endothermic

Ionic Bonds•What is an Ionic Bond?

- An Ionic Bond is a chemical bond resulting from the TRANSFER of electrons from one bonding atom to another

• When is an ionic bond formed?- An ionic bond is formed when a cation (positive ion) transfers electrons to an anion (negative ion).

What are some characteristics of an ionic bond?

1. Crystalline at room temperatures

2. Have higher melting points and boiling points compared to covalent compounds

3. Conduct electrical current in molten or solution state but not in the solid state

4. Polar bonds

Covalent Bonds•What is an Covalent Bond?

- A covalent bond is a chemical bond resulting from SHARING of electrons between 2 bonding atoms.

• What forms a covalent bond?- A covalent bond is formed between two nonmetals.

What are some characteristics of a covalent bond?

1. Covalent bonds have definite and predictable shapes.

2. Very strong3. Low melting and boiling

points

Practice Identifying:Ionic Bond or Covalent Bond

1. CaCl2 11. MgO I2. CO2 12. OMIT3. H2O 13. HCl4. OMIT 14. KI5. K2O 15. OMIT6. NaF 16. NO27. OMIT 17. OMIT8. CH4 18. FeCl39. SO3 19. P2O510. LiBr 20. N2O3

ANSWERS

CaCl2 IONIC 11. MgO IONIC2. CO2 COVALENT 12. NH4Cl BOTH3. H2O COVALENT 13. HCl COVALENT4. BaSO4 BOTH 14. KI IONIC5. K2O IONIC 15. NaOH BOTH6. NaF IONIC 16. NO2 COVALENT7. Na2CO3 BOTH 17. AlPO4 BOTH8. CH4 COVALENT 18. FeCl3 IONIC9. SO3 COVALENT 19. P2O5 COVALENT10. LiBr IONIC 20. N2O3 COVALENT

ActivatorWrite and Answer the following questions in your notebook.

1. What is an ion?2. What is an ionic bond?3. What is a covalent bond?4. What is a valence electron?5. What is the oxidation number for K?6. What is the oxidation number for F?7. Which one K or F is the cation?

New Topic

• EQ: How are the names and formulas of ionic compounds written?

1+2+ 3+ 4+ 3- 2- 1-

0

Use the information and create a flow map.

Now flip paper over and we will complete together.

Activator Practice Examples Element Oxidation # Element Oxidation # Chemical

Formula

Potassium Chlorine

Calcium Chlorine

Sodium Oxygen

Boron Phosphorus

Lithium Sulfur

Aluminum Oxygen

Beryllium Iodine

Calcium Nitrogen

Sodium Bromine

• Chemical Compound • TEST• Friday

• January 19th

Atomic Trading Cards

•Get a BLUE book•Turn to Page 607

Take out a piece of paper.• Take notes over the video – Chemical

Bonding.• At least 10 facts. • After the video you will have a quiz.

Define

1. Atom2. Ion3. Force4. Compound5. Atomic Stability6. Octet Rule7. Valence Electrons

8. Chemical Bond9. Ionic Bond10. Covalent Bond11. Oxidation Number12. Neutral

Take your element card and

• Create a table like the following Element 1 Element 2 Covalent/Ionic Formula

Get with three people and complete the table in your notes.

Activator• Make a bridge map for the following:

IonicTaking

CovalentSharing

Activator• Write the questions and the answers in your

notes section.• What groups do CARBON and SILICON belong

to?• Are these two elements more likely to gain

electrons, lose electrons, or share electrons when they form compounds?