Unit 6: A Property of Matter Inquiry Physics Gravity Varies with Location and Mass Varies with Speed.

Unit 6:A Property of Matter

Inquiry Physics

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Gravity Varies with Locationand

Mass Varies with Speed

Gravity Varies with Location

Chicagog = 9.803 m/s2

Gravity Varies with Location

North Poleg = 9.832 m/s2

Chicagog = 9.803 m/s2

100.3% of normal

Gravity Varies with Location

North Poleg = 9.832 m/s2

Chicagog = 9.803 m/s2

Panama Canalg = 9.782 m/s2

99.8% of normal

Gravity Varies with Location

North Poleg = 9.832 m/s2

Chicagog = 9.803 m/s2

Panama Canalg = 9.782 m/s2

Space station(242 miles up)g = 8.71 m/s2

88.9% of normal

Gravity Varies with Location

Earth surfaceg = 9.8 m/s2

Now we zoom away to show the Earth and moon scaled properly for their relative size and distance.

17% of Earth gravity

Moon surfaceg = 1.62 m/s2

We can show the relative sizes of the planets, but not their relative distances on this scale.

Mercury & Marsg = 3.7 m/s2

38% of Earth

Jupiterg = 24.8 m/s2 250% of Earth

Venusg = 8.9 m/s2

90% of Earth

Saturng = 9.0 m/s2

91% of Earth

Uranusg = 8.7 m/s2 89% of Earth

Neptuneg = 11.1 m/s2 110% of Earth

Pluto (dwarf planet)

g = 0.58 m/s2 6% of Earth

Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity

As relative speed increases…As relative speed increases…

Objects contract (become narrower) Objects contract (become narrower) in the direction of motion.in the direction of motion.

Time as measured by the moving Time as measured by the moving object slows down relative to things object slows down relative to things at at restrest The mass of the moving object The mass of the moving object increasesincreases

Mass Varies with Speed

Relative Speed: 0 m/s0 m/s; 0 mi/h 0 mi/hMass increase: 0%0%

Fluffy at rest.

Mass Varies with Speed

Relative Speed: 238 m/s238 m/s; 600 mi/h 600 mi/hMass increase: below calculator’s limitsbelow calculator’s limits

Fast civilian plane:

Cessna Citation X

Mass Varies with Speed

Relative Speed: 980 m/s 980 m/s; 2193 mi/h 2193 mi/hMass increase: 0.000000000001%0.000000000001%

Fast military plane:

Lockheed SR-71A Blackbird

Mass Varies with Speed

Relative Speed: 11,082 m/s11,082 m/s; 24,790 24,790 mi/hmi/h

Mass increase: 0.00000000068%0.00000000068%

Fastest manned vehicle:

Apollo 10 capsule upon re-entry

Mass Varies with Speed

Relative Speed: 67,056 m/s67,056 m/s; 150,000 150,000 mi/hmi/h

Mass increase: 0.000000025%0.000000025%

Fastest large manmade object:

Helios 2 Solar Probe

Mass Varies with Speed

Relative Speed: 0 m/s0 m/s; 0/h 0/h

Mass increase: 0%%

Okay, let’s go crazy and see what it would theoretically look like from aboard Star Trek’s USS Enterprise as it approaches light speed. Here’s the normal view.

Mass Varies with Speed

Relative Speed: 150,000,000 m/s150,000,000 m/s; 335,540,000 335,540,000 mi/hmi/h

Mass increase: 16%%

At half the speed of light (0.5 c) we start to notice star clustering at the front of the ship due to the optical effects of space distortion.

Mass Varies with Speed

Relative Speed: 225,000,000 m/s225,000,000 m/s; 503,310,000 503,310,000 mi/hmi/h

Mass increase: 51%%

Here’s the view at 0.75 c

Mass Varies with SpeedMass Varies with Speed

Relative Speed: 297,000,000 m/s297,000,000 m/s; 664,370,000 664,370,000 mi/hmi/h

Mass increase: 600%600%

At the view at 0.99 c.

Mass Varies with SpeedMass Varies with Speed

Relative Speed: >299,792,458 m/s >299,792,458 m/s; >670,616,629 mi/h>670,616,629 mi/h

Mass increase: ∞

Sorry, but the “warp drive” that makes the ship go faster than light is broken, since the ship’s mass has become infinite and time has stopped.

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