22 Life science Grade5, Unit 5L.5 Vertebrate By the end of this unit you should: Recognize the main distinguishing features of vertebrate animals. Know that members of the same species show variation. Unit 5L.5: Vertebrates Internal skeleton and features of different vertebrate groups Measuring variation Science skills: Observing Classifying
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22
Life science
Grade5, Unit 5L.5
Vertebrate
By the end of this unit you should:
Recognize the main distinguishing features of
vertebrate animals.
Know that members of the same species show
variation.
Unit 5L.5: Vertebrates
Internal skeleton and
features of different
vertebrate groups
Measuring variation
Science skills:
Observing
Classifying
23
Life science
Grade5, Unit 5L.5
Vertebrate
Invertebrates:
Animals without a backbone
Vertebrates:
Animals with backbone
Classification:
Sorting living organisms into groups according to
their common characteristics.
Internal skeleton and features of different
vertebrate groups
There are millions of species of animals on earth. To
help identify them scientist’s group them according to
specific characteristics. This is known as classification.
We can classify animals into two groups based on the
presence and absence of a backbone. A backbone is
also known as an internal skeleton.
We call animals that have a backbone vertebrates and
animals without a backbone invertebrates.
Invertebrates have a skeleton on the outside of their
body this is known as an exoskeleton.
5.4.1
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Life science
Grade5, Unit 5L.5
Vertebrate
Examples of internal skeletons of vertebrates:
The skeleton of vertebrate animals has three important
functions:
•Movement
•Supporting
•Protection
Snake Skeleton Turtle Skeleton
Bird Skeleton Cow Skeleton
25
Life science
Grade5, Unit 5L.5
Vertebrate
Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals
The human body also has an internal skeleton similar to
vertebrate animals.
The human skeleton is made up of
several major bones:
• the skull
• the spine
• ribs
• the pelvis
• arms and
• leg bones
Invertebrates don’t have internal
skeleton, how do invertebrates move,
support and protect their bodies?
----------------------------
----------------------------
There are 5 main groups of vertebrates:
26
Life science
Grade5, Unit 5L.5
Vertebrate
Fish:
They live in water.
They are cold blooded
They reproduce by laying eggs.
They have fins and tail for
swimming.
Their skin is covered by scales.
They use gills to breathe the oxygen dissolved in
water.
2. Amphibians:
They are cold blooded.
They have smooth, moist skin.
They live most of their adult lives
on land.
They reproduce by laying eggs in water.
On land, the adults breathe oxygen from the air with
their lungs.
In water, the tadpoles breathe oxygen dissolved in
water through their gills.
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Life science
Grade5, Unit 5L.5
Vertebrate
3. Reptiles:
They have dry scaly skin.
They are cold blooded.
Some of them can live in dry
places away from water and
others can live in water.
They breathe with lungs.
They reproduce by laying eggs.
4. Birds:
They have feathers and wings.
They are warm blooded.
Most are able to fly.
They reproduce by laying eggs.
They have different types of
beaks for eating different types of food.
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Life science
Grade5, Unit 5L.5
Vertebrate
Warm blooded: body temperature stays constant even if
the outside temperature changes.
Cold blooded: the body temperature changes when the
outside temperature changes.
5. Mammals
They have skin covered with hair
or fur.
They are warm blooded.
All mammals have lungs to breathe.
They reproduce by giving birth to
live young.
Female mammals feed their young with milk produced in
the mammary gland.
Body temperature:
Both birds and mammals
are warm blooded animals.
Fish, amphibians and
reptiles are all cold
blooded animals.
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Life science
Grade5, Unit 5L.5
Vertebrate
The Table below shows some characteristics of
vertebrate groups:
Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals
Body
temperature
Cold
blooded
Cold
blooded
Cold
blooded
Warm
blooded
Warm
blooded
Body cover Scales Smooth
moist skin
Dry
scaly
skin
Feathers
Hair or
fur and
wool
Habitat Water
Born in
water, live
on land
Water
and
land
Land Land and
water
Breathing Gills
Born with
gills then
develop
lungs
Lungs Lungs Lungs
Reproduction
Lay
eggs in
water
Lay eggs in
water
Lay
eggs on
land
Lay eggs
on land
Give
birth to
live
young
Examples
Salmon
Salamander
Snake
Falcon
Camel
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Life science
Grade5, Unit 5L.5
Vertebrate
Key Terms:
Classifying
Back bone
Vertebrate
Invertebrate
Warm blooded
Cold blooded
Body cover
Habitat
Breathing
Reproduction
Key Ideas:
Vertebrates are animals with
a backbone.
Invertebrates are animals
without a backbone.
Different groups of
vertebrates share common
characteristics like body
cover, body temperature,
habitat, breathing and
reproduction.
Key question:
It is important for scientists to classify animals into
groups. Tick one box to show the main reason for
classifying animals.
to compare the many
types of animals
to find out which
animals eat them
to find out which
animals live in trees
to help find animals
in the wild
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Life science
Grade5, Unit 5L.5
Vertebrate
Key question:
Sorting animals
a. Some children went to their local zoo. They saw
these animals:
Ostrich Cow Butterfly Camel Hawk
Name two things that the cow and camel have in common.
1. 1-……………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
2. 2-………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. Tariq and Hassan sort the five animals above using
the following classification table. Write the names of
the animals above into the correct boxes in the table.
Has feathers Does not have feathers
Can fly
Cannot fly Ostrich
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Life science
Grade5, Unit 5L.5
Vertebrate
Measuring variation Look around at all the
people in your class.
We are all similar.
What are some of our
similarities?
We all belong to the same species.
Now take another look, you will see that there are
also differences.
A. Variation in Humans:
Activity 1:
You need:
Tape measure
To make a group of 4 students
Steps: Use the tape measure to record each person’s;
height
arm length,
hand span and
finger length.
Record the measurements in the following table;
5.4.2
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Life science
Grade5, Unit 5L.5
Vertebrate
Student 1 Student 2 Student 3 Student 4
Height (cm)
Arm length
(cm)
Hand span (cm)
Finger
length(cm)
4. Display your results above as a bar chart.
Result: …………………………………………………………………………………………
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Life science
Grade5, Unit 5L.5
Vertebrate
When you finish the activity, compare your results
with the other groups. You will find out a lot of
differences between the students in your group.
Although humans share a lot of characteristics, there
are differences between them.
Scientists call the differences in the same type of
organisms (species) variation.
Variation: Differences between members of the same
type of organisms (species).
Activity 2:
Look at the family picture and write down three
variations that you can see.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…….……………………………………………………………………
Now: Find a partner, sit looking across at each other.
Record some differences between you and your partner;
1- -------------- 3---------------
2- -------------- 4---------------
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Life science
Grade5, Unit 5L.5
Vertebrate
B. Variation in Animals:
Just like humans, animals have variations too.
The pictures below show some variation that animals
can have.
Activity 3:
List as many variations as you can find in the
pictures of the animals above.
.………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
.………………………………………………………………………………………………
What other variations may they have that can’t be
seen in the picture?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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Life science
Grade5, Unit 5L.5
Vertebrate
C. Variation in Plants:
Plants from the same species
can also show variation.
Corn is one species of plant
that grows in several
different sizes and colors.
Activity 4:
You will need:
Tape measure
Collection of leaves from a tree.
Steps:
1- Measure the length and the width of each leaf.
2- Record your measurements in the following table:
Leaf 1 Leaf 2 Leaf 3 Leaf 4 Leaf 5
Length
(cm)
Width
(cm)
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Life science
Grade5, Unit 5L.5
Vertebrate
Key Terms:
Variation
species
Key Ideas:
Variation is the differences between
members of the same type of organism.
Variation can be seen in humans,
animals and plants.
Project:
Look through a fashion magazine and cut out pictures of
many different people. Design a poster that shows the
variations of the people. Arrange and explain your
groupings.
Key Questions:
1- Why is there variation in human, plant and animal
species?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- Look for more variation in your classroom and record