Unit 5—Chapters 8 – 9 The Great Depression and the New Deal CSS 11.6.

Unit 5—Chapters 8 – 9 The Great Depression and the New Deal

CSS 11.6

Part FiveThe Second New Deal 11.6.2, 11.6.5

EQ: What major issues did the Second New Deal address?

1936

D Franklin Roosevelt 27,752,869 523

R Alfred M. Landon 16,674,665 8

U William Lemke 882,479 --

531

Second New Deal (1935 – 1938)

• Central Valley Project• created series of dams and

canals for N. California• provides water, electricity and

recreation for millions in CA• 3,000,000 acres of irrigated land• $300 billion revenue, as of about

2000• 7 million acre feet of water

annually• electricity for 2 million

Californians

Second New Deal (1935 – 1938)

• Bonneville Dam• major dam on the

Columbia River

Second New Deal (1935 – 1938)

• Works Projects Administration (WPA)• $11 billion to provide 8 million jobs• economist John Maynard Keynes

argued government should spend money to end the depression

• focused on big projects • also funded art and music

• 650,000 miles of roads• 78,000 bridges• 125,000 buildings• presented 225,000 concerts for 150

million+• commissioned almost 475,000 works of art• wages varied from $19-94/month

Second New Deal (1935 – 1938)

• Social Security, 1935• new tax on income to

raise money for old-age pensions

• money also given to the unemployed and the disabled• some groups like farmers

and homemakers were excluded

• the program has been expanded over the years and still exists today• Medicare and Medicaid

Organized Labor and the New Deal

• National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)• created to look into workers’

complaints

• Wagner Act, 1935• recognized the right of unions to

collectively bargain• issues such as wages, hours, and

benefits

• Minimum Wage• originally set at 25c with a maximum

44 hour work week• Fair Labor Standards Act, 1938 also

finally outlawed child labor

• Intro Presidential Letter

Organized Labor and the New Deal

• AFL-CIO, • John L. Lewis led

negotiations with big companies like General Motors

• used sit-down strike to avoid violence

• union membership rose dramatically

Controversies from the New Deal

• Court Packing, 1937• some New Deal

programs were thrown out by the Supreme Court

• FDR wanted to appoint 6 new S.C. judges so they would support him

• public opinion turned against him and he dropped the idea• FDR will eventually

appoint 8 justices due to retirements and old age

Controversies from the New Deal

• Government Regulation of the Economy• laissez-faire was gone

forever• the government today

regulates or influences almost every aspect of the economy

• interest rates, money supply, business mergers,

• FDR’s supporters said he saved capitalism from itself

Controversies from the New Deal

• Welfare State• government is responsible for the welfare of:

• the children• the elderly • the disabled • the poor

• since the New Deal, the US has debated not whether the government should help but how

• Deficit Spending• under FDR the government spent more than it

had • this created a national debt

Controversies from the New Deal

• FDR Increased the Power of Presidency• elected 4 times ending the two-

term tradition• the 22nd amendment made two

terms the limit• used the media to get support

for his ideas• took control of the economy• created many new programs

run by the bureaucracy which worked for the President

• Social Security, SEC, WPA• raised expectations of the

presidency

Essential Question – 1 paragraph, SUTW

• What major issues did the Second New Deal address?