Unit 5: The Roman World Chapter 10: The Roman Republic –Page 294-313 Chapter 11: Rome and Christianity –Page 319-343.

Unit 5: The Roman World

•Chapter 10: The Roman Republic–Page 294-313

•Chapter 11: Rome and Christianity–Page 319-343

Bell Work (15 minutes)2/4-2/5

1. Define Ch. 10-1 Terms and People

1. Create a replica of the map on page 295 (be sure to label everything you see on the map)

• Aeneas• Romulus and

Remus• Republic • Dictators• Cincinnatus• Plebeians• Patricians

Chapter 10 Main Ideas

1. Rome’s location and government helped it become a major power in the ancient world.

2. Rome’s tripartite government and written laws helped create a stable society.

3. The later period of the Roman Republic was marked by wars of expansion and political crises.

Chapter 10: The Roman WorldVocabulary

• Aeneas• Romulus

and Remus• Republic • Dictators• Cincinnatus• Plebeians• Patricians

• Legions• Punic Wars • Hannibal• Gaius Marius• Lucius

Cornelius Sulla

• Spartacus

• Magistrates • Consuls• Roman

Senate• Veto• Latin• Checks and

Balances• Forum

10-1: Geography and the Rise of Rome

1. The geography of Italy made land travel difficult, but helped the Romans prosper.

2. Ancient historians were very interested in Rome’s legendary history.

3. Once a monarchy, the Romans created a republic.

• Create a replica of the map of Italy on page 295.

• Label all waters, cities, countries, and mountains shown on the map

Why do they call the Italian Peninsula “The Boot?”

Main Idea 1: The geography of Italy

made land travel difficult but helped the Romans

prosper.• Most of Italy is covered with hills. Italians built their cities

on the hills for defense.

• Two major mountain ranges, the Alps and the Apennines, created rugged land that was hard to cross.

• Some of Italy’s mountains were volcanic. Their eruptions could devastate Roman towns.

• They also built cities near rivers for a source of fresh water. Rome lies on the Tiber River.

• Rome had a mild climate that led to a plentiful food supply and the city’s early growth.

Main Idea 2: Ancient historians were

very interested in Rome’s legendary history.

• Little is known about Rome’s early history because no written records exist.

• Imagining the glorious past, people told legends, or stories.

The Romans believed they could trace their history to a great Trojan leader named Aeneas.

The Aeneid, an epic poem written by Virgil, tells about Aeneas’s trip to Italy. After the Greeks destroyed Troy, he fled to Italy and formed an alliance with the Latins.

AeneasHe became a ruler in Italy after marrying the daughter of the Latin king.

Romulus and Remus• According to legend, the founders of Rome were orphaned

twin brothers raised by wolves.

• Romulus killed Remus because he mocked one of Romulus’s ideas for a city they were planning.

• Romulus then built the city and named it Rome after himself.

Rome’s Early Kings

• Roman records list seven kings who ruled the city, some of whom were Etruscans.

• The Etruscans made contributions such as huge temples and Rome’s first sewer.

• Some think that Rome learned the alphabet and numbers from the Etruscans.

• The last Roman king was said to have been a cruel man, who had many people killed. A group of nobles rose up against him and overthrew him.

• The nobles no longer wanted a king, so they created a new government.

Main Idea 3:Once a monarchy,

the Romans created a republic.

• The Romans created a republic in 509 BC in which elected officials ran the city.

• They protected against anyone staying in power for too long by limiting terms to one year.

• During difficult wars, the Romans chose dictators, rulers with almost absolute power, to lead the city.

• They could stay in power only six months, to avoid abusing their power.

• One of Rome’s famous dictators was Cininnatus.

• He quickly defeated his enemies, and returned to farming long before his six-month term was up.

Challenges from the Outside

Plebeians

• The plebeians, or common people, were made up of peasants, craftspeople, traders, and other workers.

• They called for change in the government to give them more say in how things were run.

• They also formed a council and elected their own officials.

Patricians

• The patricians held almost all political power.

• Only patricians could be elected to office.

• Fearing that Rome would be split in two, they decided it was time to change the government.

Challenges within Rome

Guided Questions 10-120 minutes

1. Building one of the greatest civilizations, Rome conquered many territories, including ___, ____, and _____.

2. Like Greece, Italy is a ______ in Southern Europe. It also has two major mountain ranges ______ and _______ which made it hard for people to cross through the peninsula.

3. Italy was also very hilly; in fact, Rome was built on ___ hills along the ____ River.4. Rome’s climate is similar to what U.S. state?5. What was one key factor in Rome’s early growth?6. Completely explain The Aeneid by Virgil and how Aeneas’ family became the prominent rulers

in Italy.7. What is the Roman legend of the foundation of Rome?8. Who was the 1st king of Rome? How many kings do Roman records list?9. Who were the Etruscans?10. Describe the action s of the last Roman king. This led to the creation of a new government.11. What new government did the Roman nobles create in 509 BC?12. Was the early republic more like a democracy or an oligarchy? Explain your answer.13. What happened shortly after the Romans created the republic?14. During war, the Romans chose ______ to lead the city, which could only stay in power for 6

months.15. Who was Rome’s famous dictator who gained power in 458 BC? What did he do during his

reign?16. In addition to their enemies, what challenges were Romans facing within their city?17. How were patricians and plebeians different?

Chapter 10-1 ReviewCorrectly identify the following pictures with

the appropriate label 1.

2.

3.

4.

What does this represent?

5. dog dog

6. +

7.

8.

Turn-in today:

• Bell Work– Chapter 10-1 Terms– Replica of Italy (295)

• Chapter 10-1 Guided Questions

• Explaining through pictures activity

I should be able to answer the essential questions

now.• How did the geography of Italy help

the Romans prosper?• What is Rome’s legendary story?• What type of government did the

Romans have at its creation?

Academic Vocabulary3rd Nine Weeks

1. Influence2. Political System (political)3. Laissez-faire4. Civil 5. Secular6. Economic7. Complex8. Clergy9. Aspect10. Legacy

1. DefinitionSocial Studies related sentence