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UNIT 5CHINA

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UNIT 5 KEY TERMS

1. warlord 11. legalism

2. aristocrat 12. filial piety

3. ancestor

4. pictograph

5. ideograph

6. hereditary 7. Mandate of Heaven

8. Dao

9. Confucianism

10. Daoism

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THE LAND OF CHINA

Two powerful rivers have helped shape Chinese history: the Huang He (Yellow River) a

Jiang (Yangtze River).

Mountains and deserts cover much of China.

They were difficult to cross, acting like walls around the country.

These natural barriers limited contact between China and other civilizations.

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THE FIRST CHINESE DYNASTY

 A dynasty is a line of rulers who belong to the same family.

Historians believe the first Chinese dynasty was the Shang.

The Shang dynasty began about 1750 B.C.

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The Shang’s built the first cities in China. 

The King was the political, religious, and military leader of Shang China.

Warlords helped the Shang kings control territories throughout the country.

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Warlords and other royal officers were aristocrats (people in an upper class of society).

Their wealth comes from the land they own.

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Most Chinese people, however, were farmers.

They farmed the land owned by aristocrats.

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People in Shang China: worshiped many gods, believed the gods could bring good or b

honored their ancestors, believed their ancestors would bring them good luck, and mad

gods and their ancestors.

Kings looked to their ancestors for help in making decisions.

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Early Chinese writing used pictographs and ideographs.

Pictographs are characters that represent objects.

Ideographs are another kind of character. They link two or more pictographs to express

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THE ZHOU: CHINA’S LONGEST DYNASTY 

 According to legend, the last Shang ruler was a wicked tyrant.

Rebels overthrew the Shang government and declared a new dynasty called the Zhou.

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The Zhou ruled China for more than 800 years.

Under Zhou rulers, China grew larger.

The King divided the country into territories controlled by an aristocrat.

Zhou kings believed that the gods gave them the right to rule China. This idea was kno

Mandate of Heaven.

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CHINESE PHILOSOPHIES

Between 500 B.C. and 200 B.C. Chinese thinkers developed three major philosophies.

Confucianism: People should put the needs of their family and community first.

Daoism: People should give up worldly desires in favor of nature and the Dao, the force

things.

Legalism: Society needs a system of harsh laws and strict punishment.

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CHINESE LIFE

Chinese society was made up of four social classes:

 Aristocrats: small in number, wealthy, owned large amounts of land.

Farmers: most people, worked on aristocrats land, paid rent and taxes, served as soldie

needed, worked on public works projects one month per year.

 Artisans: skilled workers, learned family skills.

Merchants: shopkeepers and traders, lived in towns, provided goods and services to ar

respected.

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The family was at the center of Chinese society.

Chinese families practiced filial piety (the responsibility children have to respect, obey,

their parents.

Men and women had very different roles in early China.

Men grew crops, ran the government, and fought wars.

Women raised children and saw to their education. They also managed the household

finances.

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HAN RULERS

In 202 B.C. a new dynasty in China called the Han dynasty came to power.

The Han dynasty would rule China for over 400 years.

During the Han dynasty, many farmers became tenant farmers.

 A tenant farmer works land that belongs to someone else.

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Han armies conquered lands to the north, and moved south into Southeast Asia.

The Chinese lived peacefully for nearly 150 years.

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New technology helped Chinese farmers produce more food. Cast-iron plow was devel

waterwheels ground more grain, silk manufacturing improved, paper was used to keep

the rudder allowed the Chinese to travel further.

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Doctors discovered that certain foods prevented disease.

Relieved patients pain with acupuncture (practice of inserting thin, short needles into a

certain points to relieve pain).

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ON THE SILK ROAD

During the Han period, Chinese traders grew rich by delivering expensive goods to othe

world.

The trade route to the West would be known as the Silk Road.

The Silk Road was a network of trade routes.

When it was completed, it stretched from China to the Mediterranean.

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BUDDHISM REACHES CHINA

Buddhism spread from India to China along the Silk Road.

Long years of civil war made many Chinese feel unsafe.

Many turned to Buddhism.

Buddhist ideas appealed to people dealing with fear and worry.

By the A.D. 400’s Buddhism had become one of China’s major religions.