Unit 5 Hanging Tough 1. They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other with their lives. Trust: have or place trust in sb/sth; depend.

Unit 5 Hanging Tough

1. 1. They are the sort of friends who are so They are the sort of friends who are so close they close they trust each other withtrust each other with their lives. their lives.

Trust: have or place trust in sb/sth; Trust: have or place trust in sb/sth; depend on depend on sb to do sth/use sth/look after sth properly sb to do sth/use sth/look after sth properly or safelyor safely; hope ; hope

Trust

----He is the one I can trust.He is the one I can trust.

--Sometimes we can’t trust what the papers --Sometimes we can’t trust what the papers say.say.

--I would trust him with my life.--I would trust him with my life.

--Can I trust you to post this letter?--Can I trust you to post this letter?

--I trust (that) she’s not seriously ill. --I trust (that) she’s not seriously ill.

Trust

Trust in sb/sth: have confidence in sb/sthTrust in sb/sth: have confidence in sb/sth

--You must trust in your own judgment.--You must trust in your own judgment.

Trust to sth: leave the result or progress of Trust to sth: leave the result or progress of events to be decided by (chance, etc)events to be decided by (chance, etc)

--Trust to luck/fate/fortune--Trust to luck/fate/fortune

--At such times you have to trust to instinct. --At such times you have to trust to instinct.

Lift, get beyond sth, conquer

2. 2. If one needs a If one needs a liftlift over some obstacles that over some obstacles that seems impossible seems impossible to get beyondto get beyond, the other , the other won’t leave until the obstacle is won’t leave until the obstacle is conquerconquered. ed.

Lift

lift: raising sb/sth; elevator; free ride in a lift: raising sb/sth; elevator; free ride in a private vehicle; feeling of elation (private vehicle; feeling of elation ( 鼓舞、鼓舞、振奋振奋 ))

----Give him a lift and he is too small to see Give him a lift and he is too small to see anything.anything.

--Shall I give you a lift to the station?--Shall I give you a lift to the station?--Winning the scholarship gave her a --Winning the scholarship gave her a

tremendous lift. tremendous lift.

Get beyond sth

Get beyond sth: get over sth, overcomeGet beyond sth: get over sth, overcome--This matter can be got beyond without much --This matter can be got beyond without much

difficulty.difficulty.--Truly there is something we have to get --Truly there is something we have to get

beyond before we can succeed.beyond before we can succeed.Be beyond sb: be impossible for sb to Be beyond sb: be impossible for sb to

imagine, understand or calculateimagine, understand or calculate--It’s beyond me that she would marry so soon.--It’s beyond me that she would marry so soon.--How a computer works is really beyond me. --How a computer works is really beyond me.

Conquer

Conquer: take possession of sth by force; gain the Conquer: take possession of sth by force; gain the admiration/love of sb; defeat, overcome, etc.admiration/love of sb; defeat, overcome, etc.

--In 1066 the Normans conquered England.--In 1066 the Normans conquered England.

--He conquered the hearts of many women.--He conquered the hearts of many women.

--New York Knicks conquered Detroit Pistons in the --New York Knicks conquered Detroit Pistons in the championship game.championship game.

--Before you learn how to drive, you must learn to --Before you learn how to drive, you must learn to conquer the fear of driving.conquer the fear of driving.

--Nature can’t be conquered.--Nature can’t be conquered.

Conqueror, conquest Conqueror, conquest

Paralyze, keep sb from doing sth

3. 3. Mark Wellman…the Yosemite National Mark Wellman…the Yosemite National Park Park rangerranger whose whose paralyzedparalyzed legs don’t legs don’t keep him from rock climbingkeep him from rock climbing. .

Keep sb from (doing) sthKeep sb from (doing) sthStop sb from (doing) sthStop sb from (doing) sthPrevent sb from (doing) sthPrevent sb from (doing) sthDissuade sb from (doing) sthDissuade sb from (doing) sthPersuade sb into (doing) sthPersuade sb into (doing) sthProhibit sb from (doing) sth Prohibit sb from (doing) sth

Serve, struggle up, hand over hand

4. 4. Their friendship Their friendship serveserved each of them well d each of them well over the two brutal weeks they struggled over the two brutal weeks they struggled upup Half Dome, climbing Half Dome, climbing hand over handhand over hand up the up the famous Yosemite 2,000-foot rock famous Yosemite 2,000-foot rock formation. formation.

Serve

Serve: work for (sb); perform duties in the Serve: work for (sb); perform duties in the armed forces; give food to (sb) at a meal; armed forces; give food to (sb) at a meal; satisfy (a need or purpose), be suitable for; satisfy (a need or purpose), be suitable for; (in tennis) put the ball into play by striking (in tennis) put the ball into play by striking itit

--He has served his master for many years.--He has served his master for many years.--He served in the army for 6 years.--He served in the army for 6 years.--This room can serve as/for a study.--This room can serve as/for a study.--She’s already served two aces this game. --She’s already served two aces this game.

Hand over hand

Hand over hand: using one’s hands alternately Hand over hand: using one’s hands alternately (as when climbing) (as when climbing) 双手交替使用双手交替使用

Hand in hand: holding each other’s hand; Hand in hand: holding each other’s hand; closely associated, linked togetherclosely associated, linked together

Hand to hand: (of fighting) involving Hand to hand: (of fighting) involving physical contact with one’s opponentphysical contact with one’s opponent 短兵相短兵相接，肉搏战接，肉搏战

At hand: near, close by; about to happenAt hand: near, close by; about to happen

Hand over hand

By hand: by a person, not by a machine; by By hand: by a person, not by a machine; by a messenger, not through the posta messenger, not through the post

In hand: in one’s possession and available In hand: in one’s possession and available for use; in control; receiving attention and for use; in control; receiving attention and being dealt withbeing dealt with

On hand: availableOn hand: available(Be) hand in glove with sb: working in (Be) hand in glove with sb: working in

close association with sb close association with sb

Reach, admiring

5. 5. When the pair When the pair reachreached the top, they were ed the top, they were met by Wellman’s girlfriend and an met by Wellman’s girlfriend and an admiringadmiring crowd of news reporters. crowd of news reporters.

Reach

--I reached across the table for the jam.--I reached across the table for the jam.--Please reach me over my slippers that are --Please reach me over my slippers that are

under the bed. (Reach: pass sth to sb)under the bed. (Reach: pass sth to sb)--How can I reach you? (Reach: contact sb by --How can I reach you? (Reach: contact sb by

phone)phone)Beyond/out of/within (one’s) reachBeyond/out of/within (one’s) reach--The shelf is so high it is beyond/out of my --The shelf is so high it is beyond/out of my

reach.reach.--Those concepts are beyond the reach of my --Those concepts are beyond the reach of my

intelligence. intelligence.

Give way, plunge, in place, as if

6. 6. And Wellman was there for his able-bodied And Wellman was there for his able-bodied friend early in the climb friend early in the climb whenwhen pieces of pieces of rock rock gave waygave way, 700 feel above the group, , 700 feel above the group, and Corbett and Corbett plungeplunged downward. Wellman d downward. Wellman locked their rope locked their rope in placein place, stopping the fall , stopping the fall at 20 feel. When it was all over, both men at 20 feel. When it was all over, both men spoke spoke as ifas if there hadn’t been a serious there hadn’t been a serious problem… problem…

Plunge

Plunge: (cause sth to) fall into sth suddenly and Plunge: (cause sth to) fall into sth suddenly and with force, or move suddenly forward or with force, or move suddenly forward or downwarddownward

--He plunged his hand into cold water.--He plunged his hand into cold water.

--The country was plunged into civil war after the --The country was plunged into civil war after the death of the President.death of the President.

--The horse plunged and she fell off.--The horse plunged and she fell off.

--Share prices plunged as a result of the gloomy --Share prices plunged as a result of the gloomy economic forecast.economic forecast.

Plunger (n. Plunger (n. 活塞，柱塞活塞，柱塞 ) )

Take the lead, in effect

7. 7. On their climbs, Corbett must On their climbs, Corbett must take the leadtake the lead and, and, in effectin effect, climb the rock twice., climb the rock twice.

In effect: in fact, for practical purpose; (of In effect: in fact, for practical purpose; (of a rule, law) in usea rule, law) in use

--The two systems are, in effect, identical.--The two systems are, in effect, identical.

--Some ancient laws are still in effect.--Some ancient laws are still in effect.

Effect

Bring/put sth into effect: cause sth to come Bring/put sth into effect: cause sth to come into useinto use

Come into effect: (of rules, laws) reach the Come into effect: (of rules, laws) reach the stage of being in usestage of being in use

Have effects on sth/sbHave effects on sth/sb

Evidence

8. 8. As evidenced byAs evidenced by his arm and chest his arm and chest muscles, Wellman’s job is not easy either.muscles, Wellman’s job is not easy either.

Evidence: (u.n.) information that gives a Evidence: (u.n.) information that gives a reason for believing sth or prove sthreason for believing sth or prove sth

--There wasn’t enough evidence to prove him --There wasn’t enough evidence to prove him guilty.guilty.

Evidence

Be in evidence: clearly or easily seenBe in evidence: clearly or easily seen （（显显而易见的，清楚的，明显的）而易见的，清楚的，明显的）

On the evidence of sth: using sth as On the evidence of sth: using sth as evidenceevidence （（用…作证据）用…作证据）

Evidence: v. prove sth by evidence; be Evidence: v. prove sth by evidence; be evidence ofevidence of

--His answer evidenced a guilty conscience.--His answer evidenced a guilty conscience.

In all, figure, no more than

9. 9. In allIn all, Wellman , Wellman figurefigures that on the climb up s that on the climb up Half Dome he did 5,000 pull-ups up the Half Dome he did 5,000 pull-ups up the rope, each time gaining rope, each time gaining no more thanno more than six six inches.inches.

1) In all: totally, added together1) In all: totally, added together

2) No more than 2) No more than

Cover, lower

10. 10. On the cover wasOn the cover was a photo of a woman in a a photo of a woman in a wheelchair being wheelchair being lowered downlowered down a rock. a rock.

Lower: let or bring sb/sth down; make less Lower: let or bring sb/sth down; make less higher; (cause sth to) become less in higher; (cause sth to) become less in amount or quantity; (infml.) reduce one’s amount or quantity; (infml.) reduce one’s dignity or self-respectdignity or self-respect

Lower

--Lower the sails, a flag, and a window--Lower the sails, a flag, and a window

--Lower the roof of a house/the height of the --Lower the roof of a house/the height of the ceilingceiling

--Stocks generally lowered in value.--Stocks generally lowered in value.

--She lowered her voice to a whisper in order --She lowered her voice to a whisper in order not to wake the baby up.not to wake the baby up.

--Don’t lower yourself by asking him for help.--Don’t lower yourself by asking him for help.

Dominate, crumble

11. 11. Within six months, they had climbed El Within six months, they had climbed El Capitan, the rock formation that Capitan, the rock formation that dominatesdominates the right side of Yosemite Valley. And now the right side of Yosemite Valley. And now they have climbed Half Dome, they have climbed Half Dome, up a routeup a route soso dangerous because of its dangerous because of its crumbly granitecrumbly granite thatthat fewer than 30 people have climbed it. fewer than 30 people have climbed it.

1) Dominate1) Dominate 2) Crumble 2) Crumble

Dominate

Dominate: have control of or a very strong Dominate: have control of or a very strong influence on sb/sthinfluence on sb/sth

--He tends to dominate everyone.--He tends to dominate everyone.--My weekend was dominated by housework.--My weekend was dominated by housework.--Price seems to dominate all other --Price seems to dominate all other

considerations.considerations.dominant, dominancedominant, dominancedomineer, domineeringdomineer, domineering

Crumble

Crumble: (n.)Crumble: (n.) 酥皮水果点心酥皮水果点心 ((v.) cause sth to be broken or rubbed into v.) cause sth to be broken or rubbed into

very small pieces; gradually deteriorate pr very small pieces; gradually deteriorate pr come to an endcome to an end

--She likes to crumble her bread before eating.--She likes to crumble her bread before eating.--The great empire began to crumble.--The great empire began to crumble.--Their marriage is crumbling.--Their marriage is crumbling.crumbly (adj.) easy to crumblecrumbly (adj.) easy to crumble

Bring attention to, inspiration

12. 12. Corbett wants to Corbett wants to bring attention to bring attention to climbingclimbing, his first love, and hopes someone , his first love, and hopes someone somewhere will find somewhere will find inspirationinspiration..

1)  1)  Bring attention to sthBring attention to sth 2) Inspiration 2) Inspiration 灵感；鼓舞，激励；灵机灵感；鼓舞，激励；灵机 inspirational inspirational 启发灵感的启发灵感的 inspiring inspiring 鼓舞人的，鼓舞人的， inspired inspired 有创作力的，有雄心壮志的，得自灵感的有创作力的，有雄心壮志的，得自灵感的

Underestimate, blow one’s mind

13. 13. Never Never underestimateunderestimate a person with a a person with a disability. They can disability. They can blow your mindblow your mind..

1) Underestimate1) Underestimate

2) Blow one’s mind: produce a pleasant or 2) Blow one’s mind: produce a pleasant or shocking feeling in somebody shocking feeling in somebody

Frame 1: How …! Vs. What a …!

--How depressing the new might be to her!--How depressing the new might be to her!

--How disappointing that would be!--How disappointing that would be!

--How embarrassed she was at that time!--How embarrassed she was at that time!

--How incredible it is!--How incredible it is!

--What a wonderful time!--What a wonderful time!

--What an interesting movie!--What an interesting movie!

--What a horrible experience!--What a horrible experience!

Difference between v-ing and v-ed

DepressingDepressingdepresseddepressed

DisappointingDisappointingdisappointeddisappointed

EmbarrassingEmbarrassingembarrassedembarrassed

ExcitingExcitingexcitedexcited

FrustratingFrustratingfrustratedfrustrated

TerrifyingTerrifyingterrifiedterrified

Frame 2: The Simple Past, the Past Perfect, the Past Continuous

----He flied to Beijing this morning. (did)He flied to Beijing this morning. (did)

--He had flied to Beijing before he knew that --He had flied to Beijing before he knew that news. (had done)news. (had done)

--She was cooking dinner when the phone --She was cooking dinner when the phone rang. (was/were doing)rang. (was/were doing)

Frame 3: see/hear/feel sb/sth do/doing

感官动词后用动词原形表示动作发生的那一刻或已经完感官动词后用动词原形表示动作发生的那一刻或已经完成的动作，用现在分词表示延续的动作。成的动作，用现在分词表示延续的动作。

----I heard Tom call my name. “Anne!”I heard Tom call my name. “Anne!”--I heard Tom calling my name. “Anne, Anne, --I heard Tom calling my name. “Anne, Anne,

Anne!”Anne!”--She felt her heart pounding.--She felt her heart pounding.--He saw his girlfriend turn to a gift shop at --He saw his girlfriend turn to a gift shop at

the corner.the corner.

Homework 2: composition

Topic: Topic: Knowledge from Books vs. Knowledge from Books vs. Knowledge from ExperienceKnowledge from Experience

Some people think books are where Some people think books are where knowledge comes from, but many people knowledge comes from, but many people think differently and insist that knowledge think differently and insist that knowledge come from one’s experience. What’s your come from one’s experience. What’s your opinion?opinion?