Unit 5 Exam Questions MS

8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS

1/201

1. D[1]

2. C[1]

3. A[1]

4. A

[1]

5. C[1]

6. A[1]

7. C[1]

8. B[1]

9. A[1]

10. D[1]

Al khor International School 1


2/201

11. B[1]

12. D[1]

13. C[1]

14. A

[1]

15. A[1]

16. B[1]

17. B[1]

18. C[1]

19. B[1]

20. D[1]



3/201

21. (a) (i) Copper:

0 to +2/2+/2+/II/2 (1)

Nitrogen:

+5/5+/5+/V/5 to +4/4+/4

+/IV/4 (1) 2

(ii) Cu → Cu2+

+( ) _ e2

OR

Cu −( ) _ e2 → Cu

2+ (1)

Cu[(H2O)6]2+

OK if 6 waters shown on l.h.s.

– 3 NO

+ 2H+ +

( ) _ e → NO2 + H2O

OR

2 – 3 NO + 4H+ + ( ) _ e2 → 2NO2 + 2H2O (1)

OR

2 – 3

NO + 4H

+ +

( ) _ e2 → N2O4 + 2H2O (1)

Ignore the full equation if it is gien as well

!llow equations written as reerse of a"oe

Ignore state s#$"ols een if wrong

!llow⇌ for → 2

(iii) (ele%tro&e 'otential) alues are for stan&ar& %on&itions (1)

nitric acid is %on%entrate& not $ol &$ –3

not * (1)

!llow te$'erature not state& for se%on& $ar 2

NO3 – are not 1 mol dm –3

Any reference to loss of NO2

(") (i) initiall# a ('alelight) blue precipitate (1)

!llow "lue soli&

Ignore white 're%i'itate

(re,&issoles in e-%ess to for$) a (&ee') "luesolution (1) tan& alone $ar

!%%e't an# sha&e of "lue e-%e't greenish,"lue 2

Any colour (other than blue) precipitate in blue solution



4/201

(ii) Cu2+

(aq) + 2OH – (aq) → Cu(OH)2(s) (1)

/n2+

(aq) + 2OH – (aq) → Zn(OH)2(s) (1)

/n(OH)2(s) + 2OH – (aq) → Zn(OH)4

2 – (aq) (1)

If two 'reious equations %o$"ine& %orre%tl#

then (1) onl# 0 /n2+

+ 4OH – → Zn(OH)4

2 –

Allow

/n(OH)2(s) + 2OH – (aq) → ZnO2

2 – (aq)+ 2H2O(l)

OR

/n(OH)2(s) + 4OH – (aq) → Zn(OH)6

4 – (aq)

OR

equialent non,ioni% equations1 in%lu&ing those with /n2+

+ 2aOH et%

OR

Corre%t "alan%e& equations starting with he-aqua or tetraqua %ations

!33O the h#&ro-i&es to "e shown as e.g. /n(OH)2(H2O)4 (s)

'roi&e& that the whole equation "alan%es.

5enalise $issing in%orre%t state s#$"ols on 'ro&u%t on%e onl#.Ignore other state s#$"ols

(iii) QWC

First 2 marks:7in% hdro!ide"o!ide a$'hoteri% "e%ause it rea%ts with alali (to giea solution of a 7in%ate) (1)

an& rea%ts with a%i& (to gie a salt) (1)

7in% h#&ro-i&e is " acts as "oth an a%i& an& an alali – !o"e (1) onl#

#hird mark:he-aqua7in% or h#&rate& 7in% ions e-%hange& water for a$$onia or other na$e& ligan& (1)

OR

/n(H2O)6 2+

+ 4H → et! (1)

!llow an# nu$"er of a$$onias fro$ to 6

!llow "alan%e& equations1 ioni% or full.3igan& e-%hange rea%tion $ust start with a %o$'le- ion

$ote:If 7in% $entione& initiall# "ut equation refers to a %orre%t %o$'oun&then %re&it shoul& "e gien

If equations wrong "ut wor&s are %orre%t then ignore equations

Reference to zinc ions or zinc metal

o not allo! "eprotonation

Al khor International School #


5/201

(%) (i) I2 + 22O 2 –

→ 2I – + 4O6

2 –

Ignore state s#$"ols een if wrong.

Non$ionic e%uation&

(ii) QWC

!$ount thiosul'hate

8 9.9 &$ # 0$% &o' &

–3

8 9.99 $ol (1)

8 a$ount of %o''er(II) ions in 2: %$ 'ortion (1)

∴a$ount Cu 8 9 # 0$0033% 0$033% &o' in tota' (1)

∴ $ass Cu 8 9.9 $ol # *3$5 &o' –%

(1)

8 2.92 g

∴ ; %o''er 8 (2.92 - 99), 3$00 (1)

8


6/201

22& (a) (i) H2O4 + HO → NO2+ + H2O + HO4

–

OR

H2O4 + HO → H2O+ + HO4

–

H2O+ → NO2+ + H2O

@oth nee&e&

OR

2H2O4 + HO2 → NO2+

H2O+ + 2HO

– 4

(1)

Ignore state s#$"ols een if wrong

arrow showing atta% on the nitroniu$ ion with arrow going to ato$1or into the C – N a- (1)

!rrow $ust start at or insi&e ring

Ignore 'osition of + %harge

stru%ture of the inter$e&iate showing reasona"le &elo%alisation (oer at least %ar"on ato$s) (1)

arrow 'rom the bond showing the loss of H+ fro$ the inter$e&iate.Re$oal "# h#&rogen sul'hate ion 'refera"le "ut not essential (1)

Keul. t"u!tu"e !o"e u'' &a"

I t1e e'e!t"o-1i'e i in!o""e!t t1en t1e inte"&eiate t"u!tu"e&a" i 'ot 4

elocalisation mustn’t go over C where NO2 + is attache"

Al khor International School


7/201

(ii) QWC

First mark:(lone 'air of) ele%trons on the o-#gen ato$ or on the OH grou' is&elo%alise& in%or'orate& into the ring (1)

ORthe OH grou' is ele%tron &onating (1)

econd mark:so the ring in 'henol is $ore negatie has in%rease& ele%tron &ensit# rin is $ore nu%leo'hili% hen%e $ore sus%e'ti"le to ele%tro'hili%atta% (1)

OR

the OH grou' a%tiates the ring (1)

e%on& $ar stan& alone 2

Re,ect hy"ro-i"e for first mark only Nucleophilic attack on the rin.

‘Makes it more reactive’ on its own

(iii) tin (1) an& concentrated h#&ro%hlori% a%i& (1)

Aor$ulae a%%e'ta"le.

If aOH is a&&e& after HCl then ignore> if i$'li%ation that HCI an&aOH are a&&e& together then se%on& $ar is lost

OR

iron (1) an& concentrated h#&ro%hlori% a%i& (1) 2nd

markconditional on a metal

OR

h#&rogen (1) an& 'latinu$ 'alla&iu$ %atal#st (1) 2

lithium aluminium hy"ri"e so"ium borohy"ri"e

Nickel Raney Nickel

(i) ethano#l %hlori&e OR a%et#l %hlori&e OR

CHCOCl OR equialent &is'la#e& for$ula

OR

ethanoi% anh#&ri&e OR a%eti% anh#&ri&e OR(CHCO)2O OR equialent &is'la#e& for$ula

Right na$e "ut wrong for$ula &oes not s%ore

Ignore $inor s'elling errors if the for$ula is %orre%t

Al khor International School '


8/201

(") QWC

First mark:stea$ is 'asse& into the $i-ture

OR

water is a&&e& an& $i-ture "oile& or &istille& or heate& (1)

econd mark:an& the 2,nitro'henol 'ro&u%t a'our &istille& off with the water (an& %on&ense&) (1)

Ad*antae:Bhe 2,nitro'henol 'ro&u%t &istils at a lower te$'erature 'reents&e%o$'osition(1)tan& alone

/asse" o0er anythin. that implies e-ternal heatin. !ith asteam bath or !ater bath

any implication of fractional "istillation

any su..estion that separation base" on "ifferin. boilin.temperature

!ater$soluble

(%) Rea& the whole answer to get the sense

Bhe (ring) h#&rogen ato$s are on %ar"on ato$s whi%h hae one a h#&rogenon an ad+acent %ar"on ato$1 so are &ou"lets (1)

!ll the other h#&rogen ato$s hae no a&?a%ent h#&rogen ("earing %ar"on)ato$s1 so are singlets (1) 2

nearby [1,]

2%& (a) (i) !n# BO of0%o$'le- ions %o$'le-es (1)

%oloure& ions %o$'oun&s solutions (1)

%atal#ti% 'ro'erties (1)

'ara$agneti% (1)

!llow%oloure& %o$'le-es (2)

%oloure& %o$'le- %o$'oun& (1)

If a list a''ears with or 2 %orre%t 'ro'erties followe& "# 'ro'ertiesrelate& to the ele$ent1 then (1) $ar onl#

Ignore -a"tia'' i''e " ,or"itals 2

comple- compoun"s



9/201

(ii)

ignore a"sen%e of %hargeclearl o%tahe&ral (ignore "on&s to the H in H2O) (1) "ut allow so$e

latitu&e in the s#$"ols use& to show the stru%ture.

e&ges &o not hae to "e e-a%t – i ue t1e a"e enou1 to 1o3D i t1e a6ia' 7on a"e 'ine

81e o" o!ta1e"a' oe not a'9ae a -oo" "ain

ati9e (!o9a'ent) / !oo"inate (7on) (1)not ?ust shown "# an arrow

lone 'air (of ele%trons on the o-#gen) (1)%an "e shown on the &iagra$

(") (i) (+) 9.4 (D) OR (+) 914 D

sign not nee&e&

(ii) QWC

(si$ultaneous) o-i&ation an& re&u%tion (1)

!llow re&o-

of a s'e%ies su"stan%e rea%tant %o$'oun& %he$i%al ele$ent (1) 2

(iii) – 0$**(V) (1)

!llow BE fro$ (")(i)

rea%tion not feasi"le since the potential is neati*e (2n&

$ar is

for an answer %onsistent with sign of o) (1) 2

[1-]



10/201

2,& (a)

5ircles that encompass t!o atoms

(") First mark:Re%ognition that 'ara%eta$ol is not %hiral has no enantio$ers &oes not hae o'ti%al iso$ers (1)

econd and third marks: !n# two of0

there is no ra%e$isation so the 'ro&u%t will not "e a $i-ture (1)

no nee& to se'arate (the enantio$ers) (1)

&o not hae to &is%ar& an unwante& enantio$er ato$ e%ono$# is higher (1)

OR

%onerse argu$ents starting fro$ (,),%arone.

Is not optically acti0e

(%) (C8C)0 a&& "ro$ine (water) (1)

&e%olourises (1)

OR

K*nO4 (1)

'ur'le → 7"on / !o'ou"'e (1)

(C8O)0 a&& 214,&n' 214,&initro'hen#lh#&ra7ine @ra "eaent (1)

orange or #ellow or orange,re& or re& ''t (1)Ignore a negatie Aehling / 8o''en tet

I a -oiti9e :e1'in / 8o''en i i9en in aition to 2;4 DN<

t1en t1i" an ou"t1 &a" a"e 'ot

O7e"9ation e-enent on tet 4

16#$"np



11/201

(&) (i) a$ount of %arone 8 (4.: , %50) &o' 0$03 &o' (1)

a$ount of h#&rogen 8 (.44 , 24) &o' 0$0* &o'

(a''o %st

$ar for either of the $ole %al%ulations)

so two &ou"le "on&s are re&u%e& (1)

OR

2 $oles H2 0 ( $ol %arone)

OR

4 $ole H 0 ( $ol %arone)

If h#&rogen is use& it $ust "e %lear whether the# are ato$s or $ole%ules

Bhis $ar %an "e salage& if the stru%ture is %orre%t an& "oth &ou"le"on&s are re&u%e&

(1) stan& alone

!%%e't &is'la#e& for$ula if %o$'letel# %orre%t

Any structure that sho!s re"uction of the 57O bon"

(ii) (a etoneC8O) a"sor'tion 'ea trough within the range 6F9 –

%=00 (!& –%

) (1)

Ignore units

will "e seen in %arone "ut not in li$onene the re&u%tion 'ro&u%t (1)

o$ission of the alue for the a"sor'tion loses first $ar onl# 2

1'2 $ 1'# cm –1



12/201

(e) (i)

or

for "oth &ou"le "on&s haing H@r a&&e& (1)

ignore a&&e& h#&rogens

for %orre%t orientation in e!occlic &ou"le "on& (1) stan& alone 2

Any structure retainin. 575 bon"s

(ii) H@r %an "e eli$inate& using a h#&rogen fro$ the %ar"on on either si&eof the "ro$ine (1)

whi%h woul& then gie a &ou"le "on& in a &ifferent 'osition fro$ thatin %arone (1)

this se%on& $ar %an "e answere& using a seletal stru%turalfor$ula ("elow) 2

Reference to substitution



13/201

(f) (i) QWC

.sin an $1mechanism:

sele%tion of a %hiral starting $aterial (1)

%url# arrow fro$ C,G "on& to G (1)

an& inter$e&iate %ar"o%ation (1)

%url# arrow fro$ nu%leo'hile (%an %o$e fro$ negatie %harge) (1)

planar intermediate atta%e& fro$ either si&e to gie a ra%e$i% $i-ture

/0

intermediate euall atta%e& fro$ either si&e to gie a ra%e$i%$i-ture (1)

.sin an $2 mechanism:

sele%tion of a %hiral starting $aterial (1)

%url# arrow fro$ nu%leo'hile (%an %o$e fro$ negatie %harge) (1)%url# arrow fro$ C,G "on& to G (1)

to gie %orre%t transition state (1)

atta% fro$ o''osite si&e to C,G "on& gies inerte& 'ro&u%t %an "eshown on a &iagra$ (1)

.sin nucleophilic addition to C /:ele%tion of an# al&eh#&e (other than $ethanal) or an# as#$$etri%etone (1)

Curl# arrow fro$ nu%leo'hile (%an %o$e fro$ negatie %harge) toC of C8O an& %url# arrow fro$ 8 to O (1)

Inter$e&iate (1)

!rrow fro$ O – o inte"&eiate to H+ (1)

planar molecule atta%e& fro$ either si&e to gie a ra%e$i% $i-ture

/0

molecule euall atta%e& fro$ either si&e to gie a ra%e$i%$i-ture (1) :

If 8$9 use" then $1

(ii) heterogeneous %atal#sts %an "e filtere& off OR &o not a''ear in an#liqui& or gaseous 'ro&u%tsOR are eas# to se'arate OR are stereos'e%ifi%OR suite& to %ontinuous 'ro%esses rather than "at%h 'ro%esses

.reater surface area[2%]



14/201

23& ![1]

24& ![1]

25& ![1]

26& C

[1]

27& [1]

%-& (a) @

(") C [2]

%1& C[1]

%2& [1]

%%& ![1]

Al khor International School 1#


15/201

%,& [1]

%3& ![1]

%4& @[1]

%5& (a) C

(") [2]

%6& (a) @

(") @

(%) !

(&) [,]

%7& (a) @

(") ! [2]

,-& (a) *nO4 – nee&s a%i& to "e re&u%e& to *n

2+

(") :

Al khor International School 1*


16/201

(%) (i) .


17/201

(ii)

B " B "

B " B "

B "

B "

B "

B "

+

( 1 )

( 1 )

( 1 )

δ δ+ –

(") (i)

+ B " 2

B "

+ H B "

(ii) @r 2 + Ae@r → @r + + Ae@r 4

– &+ & –

B" Ae@r 4 (1)

te' !rrow fro$ ring towar&s @r+ (1)Inter$e&iate (1)te' 2

!rrow fro$ "on&1 ring to H1 to insi&e ring (an& fro$ Ae@r 4 –

to H+) an& for$ation of 'ro&u%ts (1) 4

(iii) Ae@r 4 – + H

+ → Ae@r + H@r

(%) (i) JC

@oth atta%e& "# an ele%tro'hile (1)ue to sta"ilit# of &elo%alise& ring (1)

"en7ene atta%e& "# (stronger ele%tro'hili%) @r +

rather than @r &+

in @r 2 (1)

Al khor International School 1'


18/201

(ii) JC

C#%lohe-ene

!&&ition of @r – &oes not inole "on& "reaing

results in $ore e-other$i% rea%tion than loss of H+ (1)

@en7ene

o @r – aaila"le in "en7ene rea%tion (1) ta"ilit# of

ring regaine& "# loss of H+ (1)

(&) Bhree [15]

,2& (a) (i) Ae[!r] &64s

2 in either or&er1 allowing su'ers%ri'ts to "e su"s%ri'ts

Ae[!r] &6 or &

64s

9 in either or&er1 allowing

su'ers%ri'ts to "e su"s%ri'ts3etter & $ust "e lower %ase

Re,ect any other letters

(ii)

O H 2

O H 2

O H 2H 2 O : e2 +

O H 2

H 2 O

O ?

O H 2

O H 2

: e 2 +

O H 2

O H 2

H 2 O

H 2 O

: e 2 +

H 2 O

H 2 OH 2 O

O H 2

O H 2H 2 O

I n t e a o o t t e ' i n e

O ?

!33O "on& to H of H2O (a%%e't on left si&e if OH2 is gien)

IORE %harge unless in%orre%t



19/201

(iii) [Ae(H2O)6]2+

+ 2OH – → [Ae(OH)2(H2O)4] + 2H2O

OR

[Ae(H2O)6]2+

+ 2OH – → Ae(OH)2 + 6H2O

(i) reen 're%i'itatesoli& → Ao-#,re&re&,"rown

"rownorange@oth %olours and 're%i'itatesoli& nee&e&

Re,ect ,ust “Darkens”

(") (i) JC

E$f of %ell 'otential &ifferen%e of %ell %ontaining Ae (1)

&i''ing into a $ol &$ –3

Ae2+

solution (1)

!n& stan&ar& h#&rogen ele%tro&ehalf %ell

OR h#&rogen ele%tro&e an& $ol &$ –3

H+ an& at$

H2OR &es%ri'tion of stan&ar& h#&rogen ele%tro&e (1)IORE te$'erature

Re,ect ‘S!’

(ii) JC

E$f of h#&rogen ele%tro&e is 7ero – state" or implie" e.g. if %al%ulate E%ell 8 +9.44 D (1)

5otential for the rea%tion is 'ositie so rea%tion is feasi"leOR Ae half %ell has $ore negatie ele%tro&e 'otential

OR H+ an& (@)H2 has a $ore 'ositie ele%tro&e 'otential (1) 2

(iii) High a so slow rea%tion rea%tants are ineti%all# sta"le

I:NOR any mention of non$stan"ar" con"itions [1-]

,%& (a) JC

*an# –OH "ou- (1)whi%h %an h#&rogen "on& to water (1) 2



20/201

(") (i)

n

C

H

H

C

H

O H

(ii)

C C

H

H H

O

C H 3

C

O

(%) (i) N H 2

N H 2

or &is'la#e&

Re,ect 8 2 N5 #8 N8 2

(ii) H

N H

N

O

C ( C H 2 ) 4

O

C

lin(1)rest of for$ula (1) 2

Re,ect O5(58 2 )#5ON85 8 #N8

Re,ect ami"e link as 5ON8

(iii) JC

5ol#$ers &o not for$ in an unine !1ain O? !1ain 1a 7en at "in O? !1ain not 'inea" O?

t"on i7"e "eui"e t"ai1t !1ain (1)

Bhis 'ol#$er has fewer h#&rogen "on&s "etween %hains (1) 2



21/201

(&) Ethenol0 !&&itionAi"re0 Con&ensation

[1-]

,,& (a) (i) !n ele$ent whi%h for$s ions in at least one of its %o$'oun&s

whi%h hae a 'artl# fille& shell of & ele%trons (1)

(ii) JC

Bhe water ligan&s s'lit the & or"itals into one set at lower an&one at higher energ# (1)

3ight is a"sor"e& (1)an& the ele%tron 'ro$ote& to a higher leel (1)

Bhe %orre%t sequen%e $ust "e gien to s%ore either of thelast two $ars

Any mention of li.ht emitte" scores zero

(") (i) Re& Cu2O (1)

(ii) @ene&i%tsAehlings (solution) (1) !%%e't re%ognisa"le 'honeti% s'elling eg Aelings1 @ene&i%s1@ene&its

!l&eh#&e (1) 2

Re,ect failin.s

(%) AeO is 2+ not + (1)

Os+

has too large a ra&ius (1) 2



22/201

(&) (i) JC

reagent%olour

%hange

equation

(III)→(DI) (1) reen→orange,

#ellow(1)

(1)

(III)→(II) (1) reen→"lue

(1)/n+2Cr

+→

/u2+

+2Cr 2+

(1)

(III)→%o$'le- (1) (1) (1)

Reagent

E for reagent $ust "e $ore 'ositie than .6 D

E for reagent $ust "e $ore negatie than –0$= V$

Do not a''o a "eu!in aent t1at "ea!t it1 ate"$

Colour %hangeo not 'enalise la% of green twi%e.

Co$'le- for$ation

e.g. for$ation of [Cr(H)6]+

[Cr(OH)6] –

[Cr(en)]+

[Cr(e&ta)] –

[Cr 2(CuCO2)4 (H2O)2]

[Cr(CHCO2)4]

Reagent an& %olour %hange $ust fit the %o$'le-

%ore u' to < $ars (fro$ the $aring 'oints) <

(ii) 8reathalser

E O"iina' !ontaine i!1"o&ate/!1"o&ate ion 1i!1 e"e

"eu!e to "een (!1"o&iu&(III) 7 et1ano' in 7"eat1 (1)

E F6tent oin "een Gue&enta' / !1"o&iu&(VI)

!o&-oun !a"!inoeni! (1)

Bhen

9ither

ew one %onsists of a fuel %ell (1)where ethanol o-i&ise& "# air (using a 'latinu$%atal#st) Juantit# of ele%tri%it# 'ro'ortional to a$ount of ethanol in "reath (1)



23/201

/r ew one %onsists of an IR s'e%tro$eter (1)whi%h $easures line in finger'rint region !$ount of IR a"sor"e& &e'en&s on a$ount of ethanol in "reath (1) 4

[2-]



24/201

,3& (a) e.$.f. of a hal' %ell relatie%o$'are& to a (stan&ar&) h#&rogen ele%tro&eORoltage 'ro&u%e& fro$ a hal' %ell ?oine& to a h#&rogen ele%tro&e (1)

Accept potential ("ifference) ;0olta.e for emf

Accept emf of a cell !ith stan"ar" hy"ro.en as the leftelectro"e

Accept a "escription of the half cell e&.& a metal "ippin.into a solution of its ions

Re,ect S8

(solutions at) $ol &$ –3

%on%entration1 (gases at) at$99 5a9:5a @ar 'ressure an& state& te$'erature (1)

all %on&itions nee&e& B! !3OE 2

Accept 11 k/a

Accept 24 < or 2* "C #$ an% other tem&erat're is ('oted it m'st )e as an e*am&le o$ a

stated tem&erat're

+e,ect ‘constant’ &ress're “S-.”

+e,ect room tem&erat're

+e,ect ,'st “/03 ”

(") Can onl# $easure a 'otential di''erencee$f (if a referen%e ele%tro&e is 'resent)

ORolt$eter nee&s 2 %onne%tions

ORCannot $easure the 'otential &ifferen%e "etween a $etal an& asolution of its ions

Re,ect ,ust “electron so'rce and sink”

+e,ect to make com&arisons )etween hal$ cells



25/201

(%) (i) 1st mark

(si$ultaneous) o-i&ation an& re&u%tion of a (single) s'e%iessu"stan%e rea%tant%o$'oun&%he$i%al

Re,ect o-i"ation an" re"uction occur at the same time

/r the o-i&ation statenu$"er is "oth in%rease& an&&e%rease& of a (single) s'e%ies su"stan%e rea%tant%o$'oun&%he$i%al

Re,ect o-i"ation states are 2

/r a (single) s'e%ies su"stan%e rea%tant%o$'oun&%he$i%al "oth loses an& gains ele%trons (1)

2nd mark

Aor a gien t#'e of atom within an ion $ole%ule/r Illustrate& "# a suita"le e-a$'le in whi%h thein&ii&ual ato$ is i&entifie& (1) 2

(ii) 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2 (1)

Re,ect 28 + on both si"es of e%uation

E%ell 8 (+) .9 (D) (1)

Re,ect .reater than any other state" number

E%ell is 'ositiegreater than 9 so the rea%tion is feasi"le (1)

r&

$ar $ust "e %q on sign of E%ell

(iii) a%tiation energ# of the rea%tion $a# "e high

ORrea%tion too slow to "e o"sere&

Re,ect ,ust “Not eno'gh energ% to overcome the activationenerg%”

+e,ect conditions are nonstandard

+e,ect ,'st “kineticall% sta)le”[7]

,4& (a) (i) (anh#&rous) alu$iniu$ %hlori&e

[a$e or for$ulae]

Accept Al 2 5l Accept Al=r 3 >e=r 3 Accept >e5l 3

Re,ect >e



26/201

(ii)

+C H C H C H3 +

H

C H

C H 3

C H 3( 1 ) ( 1 )

+

H

C H

C H 3

C H 3( 1 )

C H

C H 3

C H 3

( B " A ' C ' )3 –

+ ( H / H B " + A ' C ' )3+

C H C H C H + A ' C ' C H C H C H + A ' C ' B "3 3 3 3 3 3 –

B "

( 1 )

3

+

H

C H

C H 3

C H 3( 1 ) ( 1 )

+

H

C H

C H 3

C H 3( 1 )

C H

C H 3

C H 3

( B " A ' C ' )3 –

+ ( H / H B " + A ' C ' )3+

+ B " A ' C ' 3 –H C B " A ' C '

C H 3

C H 3

( 1 )

O ?

3



27/201

ORC H C H C H3 3

B "+ A ' C ' 3 C H C H C H + B " A ' C '3 3 3

–

+

C H C H C H3 3+

H

C H ( C H )3

+

H

C H ( C H )3

+

2

C H ( C H )3 2

+ H B " + A ' C '

B " A ' C ' –3

3

2

Equation for for$ation of ele%tro'hile (1)IORE if in%orre%t arrows a&&e& at this 'oint

Airst arrow $ust "e fro$ C8C or fro$ or within ringto C with + an& %an 'oint to + (1)

Corre%t inter$e&iate as shown in $e%hanis$ a"oe (1)

e%on& arrow fro$ C –H 7on into "in (1) 4

Accept either a "elocalise" or


28/201

(%) (i) First markso&iu$ nitrite so&iu$ nitrate(III)aO2 (1)

econd markh#&ro%hlori% a%i& HCl(aq) (1)IORE %on%entration of a%i&

2n&

$ar is %on&itional on aO2 or HO2 2

Re,ect 8NO2

Re,ect 85l;hy"ro.en chlori"e

(ii) "elow 9 C "ea!tion i too 'o (1)

a"oe 9 C t1e -"ou!t/7eneneiaoniu& ione!o&-oe /1"o'e (1) 2

Accept 8NO2 "ecomposes

(iii)

N N

O H8 lin1 %an "e shown linear (1)IORE other ato$sRe$ain&er %orre%t (1) 2

I:NOR position of O8 .roup&

Accept 5ONa or O – instea" of O8

Re,ect 5N6N5O5



29/201

(&) (i) JC

First twoa&& 214,&initro'hen#lh#&ra7ine@ra "eaent (1)orange#ellow ''t (1) !llow this se%on& $ar if the na$e of the reagent is

slightl# in%orre%t e.g. 214,&i'hen#lh#&ra7ine

Accept 26#$"np(h)

Accept any combination of yello! an" oran.e?ust be ppt

Re,ect ,ust “+ed &&t”

+e,ect “solid” $or “&&t”

ORIR a"sor'tion &ue to C8O stret%h (1)

at


30/201

(iii)

H C3C

H C3

O

L C N –

H C3C

H C3

O L

C N

–

H C3C

H C3

H C3C

H C3

O H

C N

–O L

C N

–

+ L C N

H C N

both %url# arrows in st

&iagra$1 atta% "# %#ani&e1 arrow$ust start fro$ C or –9e !1a"e on C not an& –9e !1a"e&ut 7e -"eent o&e1e"e on ionM 'one -ai" not eentia'$

A""o &ut ta"t "o& 7on 7eteen C an O

an -oint toa" t1e O (1)

Accept curly arro! from O to 8 +

Inter$e&iate – 'one -ai" not eentia' 7ut neati9e !1a"e ieentia' (1)

!rrow fro$ O (lone 'air not nee&e&) or negatie %harge to HC

or H+1 this %an "e shown on the &iagra$ of the inter$e&iate (1)

If HC is use& the arrow fro$ H –CN 7on i "eui"e

An ot1e" etone o" a'e1e; ma! (2) [22]

,5& (a) (i) Cr0 [!r] " :4s

Cu0 [!r] " 9

4s

8oth needed 'or the mark

Accept #s13"

*

Accept #s13"

1

Accept ArB !ritten in full



31/201

(ii) all the others are 4s2 hae full 4s or"ital (1)

Accept 5r an" 5u;they "o not ha0e a full #s orbital

Re,ect ,ust ‘onl% have one electron in 7s’ O+

ave incom&lete 7s or)ital

Bhe & su"shell is $ore sta"le when either half or full# fille&OR ! s'e%ifi% e-a$'le of %hro$iu$ haing half,fille& or %o''er haing fille& & su",shellset of & or"itals whi%his $ore sta"le (1) 2

Accept sub$ener.y le0els " shell

Re,ect half$fille" or fille" " orbital(s)

(") (i) O%tahe&ral &rawn $ust "e ,IORE an# or no %harge

Accept – 2 O (bon" to 8) e-cept on !ater molecules on

left of 5r

(ii) atie "on& for$e& fro$ ele%tron 'airlone 'air on o-#gen(of the water $ole%ule) to the ion

Bhis %oul& "e shown on a &iagra$

Accept a clear "escription of the "ati0e bon"

Re,ect ‘dative’ alone or $rom water

+e,ect ,'st “dative )ond $ormed $rom o*%gen”

(iii) [Cr(H2O)6]+

+ OH – → C"(H2O):OH]

2+ H2O

OR

[Cr(H2O)6]+

+ 2OH – → C"(H2O)4(OH)2]

+ 2H2O

OR

[Cr(H2O)6]+

+ OH – → C"(OH) 6H2O

OR[Cr(H2O)6]

+ + OH

– → C"(H2O)(OH)] H2O

First mark is for the %orre%t Cr 'ro&u%tecond mark is %on&itional on the first an& is for the restof the equation %orre%t an& "alan%e& 2



32/201

(i) Aor$s a green 're%i'itate (1)IORE initial %olour of solution

(whi%h rea%ts or &issoles or %hanges to)a reen solution (with e-%ess reagent) (1)

Accept any sha"e of .reen

2n&

$ar is %on&itional on an initial ''t 2

() a%i& a%i&i%

Accept amphoteric;able to be "eprotonate"

Re,ect coloure" ions;li.an" e-chan.e; "eprotonation ;partially fille" " orbitals

(%) (i) Check workin – correct answer can be obtaine b! not i"iingb! 2 #or 2

nd mark and not multiplin b 2 'or ,

th mark

a$ount thiosul'hate in titre 8 9.9


33/201

ORa$ount thiosul'hate for whole sa$'le

8 9.9


34/201

(iii) H,"on&ing "etween water an& the al%ohol not strongenough to oer%o$e h#&ro'ho"i% intera%tions effe%t of al#l grou' (1)

a%i& an& al%ohol for$ ioni% s'e%iesC4HOH2+ whi%h

is $ore solu"le (1) 2 Accept butyl .roup

(i) Re$oes a%i&

Accept neutralises 85l ;8=r

Accept neutralises aci"

() Re$oes water

Accept absorbs !ater Accept "ries the pro"uct

(i) Ele%tri% heating $antle or san& "ath or oil "ath (1)

Accept !ater bath

Re,ect heat un"er reflu-

Re,ect no nake" flame

Re,ect fume cupboar"

"e%ause the al%oholrea%tion $i-ture"ro$o"utane is

fla$$a"le or "e%ause the heating is unifor$ an& lessliel# to %ra% the flas (1)Bhis $ar is %on&itional on the first "eing s%ore&. 2

Re,ect ‘volatile’ $or ‘$lamma)le’



35/201

(") JC

9;#


36/201

(&) (i) !&&ition of "ariu$ ions 'ulls equili"riu$ to r.h.s. (1)

in%reases [H+] and so lower 'Hthe 'H falls (1) stan&,alone $ar 2

Re,ect ‘::so gets more acidic’

(ii) lower 'H'H falls

Re,ect ‘mi*t're is more acidic’ $or ‘lower &’ [2-]

,7& (a) (i) tep 1ReagentAu$ing sul'huri% a%i& sul'hur trio-i&esul'hur(DI) o-i&eoleu$ (1)

Accept SO3 ;8

2 S

2 O

'

Re,ect (5oncentrate") sulphuric aci";8 2 SO#

Con&itionsReflu- heat (1)Onl# allow heat for this $ar if the reagent is reasona"le(e.g. %on% sul'huri% a%i&)

Accept if ,ust state" temperature must be abo0e '* "C

tep 2Reagento&iu$ h#&ro-i&e (1)

Accept so"ium carbonate;so"ium Accept hy"ro.encarbonate;so"ium

Re,ect so"ium chlori"e

(ii) tep 1(ele%tro'hili%) su"stitution (1)

Accept sulphonation

Re,ect Nucleophilic substitution

tep 2neutralisation or a%i&,"ase (1) 2

(") (i) Arie&el,Craft(s)

!%%e't 'honeti% s'elling

Accept alkylation



37/201

(ii) ReagentC2H2:Cl

ORC2H2:@r (1)

Accept (1$)chloro"o"ecane5 12 8 2* I

Catal#st !lCl (1) 2

Accept Al 2 5l Accept Aluminium chlori"e

Re,ect Al5l #

Re,ect Al5l # –

[6]

3-& (a) Ele%tro'hili% su"stitution (1)IORE e-tras eg Arie&el Craft1 al#lation L3E %ontra&i%tor#

,%hloro,(2),$eth#l'ro'ane (1)IORE 'un%tuation

Accept (2)$methyl$1$chloropropane Accept 58 358(58 3 )58 2 5l;58(58 3 )2 58 2 5l

Accept “;romo”e=r 3

(") 3i!lH4 is a sour%e of H – h#&ri&e ion (1)

H#&rogen $ight re&u%eatta% "en7ene ring H – wont atta!

"eion o neati9e !1a"e/ H – %an atta% (J

+) C in eto grou' (1) 2

Re,ect comments on con"itions or safety e. temperature6 pressure

Re,ect EiAl8 # ;8 – is a more po!erful re"ucin. a.ent

Re,ect 8 – is a nucleophile;a stron.er nucleophile

Re,ect any mention of attack on carbo-ylate ion (for 2 n"

mark)



38/201

(%) $ote: although $an# %an&i&ates hae %al%ulate& the e$'iri%al for$ula1this is not require&.

*ole%ular for$ula of i"u'rofen 8 CHFO2 (1)

Allo! if .i0en at en"

!llow $ars for $asses an& nu$"er of $oles if answers areroun&e& to 2 A in O? 7ut &et1o i !o""e!t$

9;#amide?



39/201

(iii) :< in I"u'rofen

C4H+ CHCH(CH)CH2

+CH(CH)2CH2

+

OR

C2O2H+CCO2H

+ (1)

Accept structural or "isplaye" formulae

o not allo! lines at

1* (58 3+ )

' (5 8 #+ )

#3 (5 38 ' + or 58 35O

+ )

#* (5OO8 + )

as present in both

!s'irin

: (1) OCOCH+ C2HO2

+ (1)

OR2 (1) C6H4CO2H

+ (1)

OR

F9 (1) CHFO4+ ('arent ion) (1)

OR

< (1) C6H4(CO2H)O+ (1)

5enalise nowrong %harges on%e onl# [1,]

31& (a) (i)

H C

C

N

O

H

H

H

–

+

5ositie %harge $ust "e on the ato$Bhe $inus %harge $ust "e on the O in the CRO i noe'o!a'iation 1on

Accept "elocalise" carbo-ylate .roup !ith a ne.ati0echar.e sho!n

Re,ect compresse" structural formula



40/201

(ii) (H+ fro$) COOH (grou') 'rotonates the –NH2(grou')

Accept transfer of 8 + from 5OO8 to N8 2

Or “sel$&rotonation”

+e,ect ,'st “&rotonation”

+e,ect ,'st “acid)ase reaction”

(iii) 0ead the whole answer>


41/201

(ii) H2CH2COO – H2CH2CO2

–

H C H

C

N H 2

OO –

Accept BCOONaor

BCOO – Na

+

Re,ect molecular formula

(iii) CHCOHCH2COOH

H C

C

N

O HO

H

C O

CH H

H

H

Accept 58 35ON858 2 5O2 8

OR ‘no reaction’ (1)

Re,ect molecular formula

(i) H2CH2COOCH

H C H

C

N

O O

H H

C H

H

H

Accept N8 2 58 2 5O2 58 3

Al khor International School #1


42/201

(%) (i) (luta$i% a%i& $ole%ule) has four &ifferent grou's atta%he&to a C (ato$)Or (luta$i% a%i& $ole%ule) has four &ifferent grou's atta%he&to a %hiral %entre

Accept contains an asymmetric carbon (atom)Or molecule has no plane of symmetry

Re,ect just “has a chiral centre”Or

Just “the molec'le is as%mmetrical”

ORhas $irror i$ages whi%h are not su'eri$'osa"le

(ii) (the iso$ers) rotate the 'lane (or 'olarisation) of ('lane,) 'olarise&light (1)

Accept “2:rotate &lane &olarised light”

in opposite &ire%tions (1)

Re,ect ,ust “in di$$erent directions”

Ignore an# referen%e to 'olari$eter 2

(&) H2(CH2)6H2 (1)

ClOC(CH2)4COCl

C ' C ( C H 2 4) C

OO

C ' (1)

[*ono$ers %an "e gien in either or&er] 2

Accept N8 2 (58 2 ) N8 2

8OO5(58 2 )#5OO8 ; 8O2 5(58 2 )#5O2 8 ;

H O C ( C H 2 4) C

O O

O H

5OO8(58 2 )#5OO8

Or 5O5l(58 2 )#5O5l

[1%]



43/201

32& (a) (i)S O 3 H

@on& fro$ "en7ene ring $ust "e to the sul'hur ato$H#&rogen ato$ $ust "e line& to o-#gen

Accept 5 8 * SO38

Accept 5 8 * SO2 O8

Re,ect 5 8 * 8SO3

(ii) Au$ing sul'huri% a%i& oleu$ sul'hur trio-i&e O sul'hur

trio-i&e or O in sul'huri% a%i&

Accept concentrate" sulphuric aci" ; 8 2 S2 O'

Re,ect 8 2 SO# ; 8 2 SO#(a%) ; sulphuric aci" ; "ilute

sulphuric aci"

(iii) (aro$ati%) Ele%tro'hili% su"stitution

Accept lectrophil l ic ; lectrophylic ; letrophilicsubstitution

Re,ect lectrophic substitution

(i) O OH+

Ignore na$e if gien with for$ula

Accept 8SO3+

Re,ect sulphur trio-i"e ; SO3+ ; SO3

–

(") (i)S O 3 H

H 3 C C H 3

!llow BE fro$ (a)(i)

Accept S O 3 H

C H 3 C H 3>ormula for 26$"imethyl benzene sulphonic aci"



44/201

(ii) Reagent G0 CHCl (1)

Catal#st M0 !lCl (1)

!llow BE fro$ (")(i) e.g. CHCH2Cl if an eth#l"en7ene 2

Accept 58 3=r ; 58 3I (1)

Accept Al 2 5l ;Al=r 3 ;AlI 3 (1)

One correct name and one correct formula (2)Names for both ans!ers (1 max)

(iii) H#&rogen %hlori&e HCl

Accept ans!er conse%uential on (b)(ii)6 e&.& 8=r

Re,ect hy"rochloric aci"

(%) (i) 4,%hloro,1 :,di$eth#l'henol1:,di$eth#l,4,%hloro'henol

Accept no;!ron. punctuation Allo! name base" on hy"ro-ybenzene Allo! “cloro” or “meth%l”

(ii) H#&rogen "on&ing intera%tions "etween &ettol an& water are weaer than those "etween water $ole%ulesORH#&rogen "on&ing intera%tions "etween &ettol an& water are weaer thatn the an &er aals o"!e in etto'

Too o" oo ue o !ientii! 'anuae$ Ane" $ust in%lu&e as'e%ifi% t#'e of inter$ole%ular for%e

Accept hy"ro.en bon"in. bet!een "ettol an" !ater is!eak

Re,ect "ettol molecule is too bi.

Accept "ettol can only form one 8$bon" !ith !ater;onlyhas one O8 .roup to 8$bon" !ith !ater

Re,ect ar.uments base" on lone pairs of electrons on O8 .roup bein. "elocalise" into the rin.

[1-]

3%& (a) (i) uses alues to fin& rea%tion 8 (+) .:< (D) (1)

Re,ect – 1:80

/n + 2O – + 4H

+ → /n

2+ + 2O2 + 2H2O (1) 2

Accept e%uation !ith e%uilibrium si.n

Re,ection e%uation !ith Fn on the ri.ht

Al khor International School ##


45/201

(ii) rea%tion for the 'ro&u%tion of h#&rogen is (+) 9.


46/201

(iii) [Cu(H)4]+

OR [Cu(H)4(H2O)2]+

Accept 5u(N8 3 )2 B +

Re,ect 5u(N8 3 ) B +

Re,ect any 2+ comple-

(i) (at$os'heri%) o-#gen (1)

o-i&ises Cu+ to Cu

2+ (1) 2

Re,ect air for o-y.en

(%) (i) star%h (1)"lue,"la%"lue"la% to %olourless (1) 2

Re,ect clear for colourless

(ii) (If a&&e& too earl#) insolu"le %o$'le-"la% soli& for$e&1 $aingtitre too low

OR (If a&&e& too earl#) insolu"le %o$'le-"la% soli& for$e&1re$oes io&ine fro$ solution

OR (If a&&e& too earl#) insolu"le %o$'le-"la% soli& for$e&1%auses ina%%urate titre.

OR (If a&&e& too earl#) insolu"le %o$'le-"la% soli& for$e&1 notall the io&ine is titrate&.

(iii) !$ount thiosul'hate 8 9.96:: &$ # 0$% &o' &

–3 (1)

8 a$ount Cu2+

in 2:.9 %$ 8 .6:: # %0

–3 $ol (1)

a$ount of Cu2+

in 2:9 %$ 8 .6:: # %0

–3 # %0 (1)

$ass of Cu (in sa$'le) 8 .6:: # %0 –2

# *3$5 (1) 8 .9: g

; Cu in "rass 8 .9: # %00/%$5 =0 U (1)[IORE sf]

[$ass of .9:g with woring s%ores (,)>%orre%t answer with no woring s%ores (%).]*ar %onsequentiall# :

[22]



47/201

3,& (a) Reagent0 %hloro$ethaneCHCl (1)

Accept bromomethane; 58 3=r;io"omethane; 58 3I

Catal#st0 (anh#&rous) alu$iniu$ %hlori&e!lCl!l2Cl6 (1)

OR equialent "ro$i&es

Accept iron(III) chlori"e; bromi"e

Re,ect iron

*ar in&e'en&entl# 2

(") (i) (free) ra&i%al su"stitution

(ii) Cl2 → 2ClE (1)

5hCH + ClE → 5hCH2

E + HCl (1)

5hCH2E + Cl2 → 5hCH2Cl + Cl

E (1)

an# one of0

2 5hCH2E → 5hCH2CH25h

5hCH2E + Cl

E → 5hCH2Cl

2 ClE → Cl2 (1)

[IORE %url# arrows]If the initiation or 'ro'agation ste's are wrong1 onl# theter$ination ste' %an s%ore %onsequentiall# on an# two of their ra&i%als. 4

ot must not be on /h penalise once

/ instea" of /h penalise once

(iii) flas an& erti%al %on&enser – nee not 7e 1on a e-a"ate ite&(1) [Ignore &ire%tion of water flow> 'enalise seale& %on&enser]

gas entr# into liuid in flas (1) [allow tu"e to go through the si&eof the flas1 "ut tu"e $ust not "e "lo%e& "# flas wall]

Allo! the .as to be bubble" "o!n a tube coa-ial !ith thecon"enser bore&

=ubblin. .as into a beaker OR other 0essel !ithout acon"enser 0 (out of 3)

heating fro$ a ele%tri% heaterheating $antlesan& "athwater "athoil "ath (1) &iagra$ or wor&sla"elling of &iagra$ not ne%essar#[IORE u sour%e]

Re,ect ,ust ‘heat’E ;'nsen[1-]

Al khor International School #'


48/201

33& (a) " 9

4s an& "

9

Accept #s13"

1

(") (i) JCNthe ()" su" –1e'' i u'' (1)

Accept orbital s (it must be plural) for sub$shell

Re,ect comments on partially fille" sub$shell

so no &,& transitions are 'ossi"leOR no transitions in the right energ# range are 'ossi"le (1)(an& no light is a"sor"e&)

!n# $ention of light e$ission loses 2n&

$ar 2

(ii) %o$"ine the half –"ea!tion to et 2Cu+ → Cu2+ + Cu (1)IORE state s#$"ols

an& show that E for this is (+) 9.< (D) (an& as it is 'ositie it is

feasi"le) (1)%on&itional on %orre%t rea%tion 2

Re,ect ,ust ‘F 9:3 >G?’

(iii) a%tiation energ# (for the &is'ro'ortionation) is highOR

Cu+

is ineti%all# sta"le

Re,ect acti0ation ener.y for one of the half$e%uations istoo hi.h

(%) (i) &ii&es ea%h "# ato$i% $ass (1)

&ii&es "# s$allest to o"tain Cu2O6H2 (1) 2

i0ision by atomic number scores zero

(ii) CuO4.Cu(OH)2 (2)If for$ula wrong "ut sul'hate O4 is 'resent s%ores (out of 2) 2

Accept 5u2 SO#(O8)2 Accept 5u2 (O8)2 SO# Accept (5uO8)2 SO#

Re,ect 8SO# instea" of SO#



49/201

(iii) [Cu(H)4(H2O)2]2+

Accept 5u(N8 3 )# B 2+

Re,ect 5u(N8 3 ) B 2+

(i) ligan& e-%hange ligan& su"stitution

(&) (i) JC

(a&& al&eh#&e to 214 –DN


50/201

34& (a) (i) $eth#l"en7ene'hen#l$ethane

(ii)C H 3

S O 3 H

Accept alternati0e substitution pro"ucts !ith –SO38 .roup on other rin. positions

SO3 – 8

+

Accept multiple substitutions Accept isplaye" >ormulae

Re,ect bon"in. to rin. throu.h 8 or O atom

(") (i) (%on%.) nitri% a%i& (1)

Accept 8NO3

Re,ect "ilute6 8NO3 (a%)

(%on%.) sul'huri% a%i& (1) *ar in&e'en&entl# 2

Accept 8 2 SO#

Re,ect 8 2 SO#(a%)

Re,ect incorrect formula in con,unction !ith name

(ii) O2+

Re,ect NO2 "+

(%) (i) u"stitution (1)

Ele%tro'hili% ele%tro'hile (1) 2

Accept either !ay roun"

Re,ect incorrect type or mechanism in con,unction !ith

correct response

(ii) the ring is $ore sus%e'ti"le to atta% "# ele%tro'hiles$ore nu%leo'hili% ring has greater ele%tron &ensit# (1)

as $eth#l grou' 'ushes ele%trons into ring toluene has a&i'ole $o$ent (1) 2

Al khor International School *


51/201

(&) O-i&ation

Accept partial o-i"ation

Re,ect re"o-

Re,ect full o-i"ation

(e) so&iu$ 'otassiu$ &i%hro$ate((DI)) (1)

Accept Na2 5r 2 O' ;


52/201

(iii) *easure $'t (1)

Co$'are with &ata OR shar' $elting 'oint (1) 2

Accept bpt& metho" can only score 2 n"

mark

(%) Danillin is liel# to "e a 'ro&u%t sin%e $$I? -e!t"u& o -"ou!t 1o an a7o"-tion o" a'e1e CO

t"et!1in /9i7"ation (1)

at a7out %=40–%=20 !& –%

an# alue within this range (1)(Bhis is a"sent in the 2,$etho-#'henol IR s'e%tru$) 2

[1-]

36& (a) [ !r ]

3 4

(1)

[ !r ]

3 4

(1)

!llow instea& of an& ↓ instea& of 2

(") Aor$s ion(s) whi%h hae a 'artiall# OR an in%o$'letel# fille&" ,(su")shell OR "$or"ital(s)

(%) (i) atie (%oalent) OR %o,or&inate (1)

Coalent (1) 2

(ii) [Ni (8 2O)6]2+

+ 2N8 → [Ni (O8 )2(8 2O4)] + 2N8 +

4

OR

[Ni (8 2O)6]2+

+ 2N8 → Ni (O8 )2 + 48 2O + 2N8 +

4

OR

[Ni (8 2O)6]2+ + 2O8 – → [Ni (O8 )2(8 2O4)] + 28 2O

OR

[Ni (8 2O)6]2+

+ 2O8 – → Ni (O8 )2 + 68 2O

I:NOR state s#$"olsI:NOR $issing square "ra%ets in an# for$ula

(iii) H+ re$oe& ("# H OR OH

– ) (1)

Aro$ (H2O) liands (1)

OB ?ust fro$ !o&-'e6 2

Al khor International School *2


53/201

(i) 3igan& e-%hangeOR ligan& re'la%e$entOR ligan& su"stitution

() [Ni (O8 )2(8 2O)4] + 6N8 → [Ni (N8 )6]2+

+ 2O8 –

+ 48 2O

OR

Ni (O8 )2 + 6N8 → [Ni (N8 )6]2+

+ 2O8 –

!llow for$ation of [Ni (N8 )4]2+

OR [Ni (N8 )4(8 2O)2]2+

%ation for$e& (1)

"alan%ing equation (1) 2

(&) " ,or"itals s'lit (in energ#) "# ligan&s (1)

JC !33O &,su"leel

absorbs light (in isi"le region) (1)OB u9 'i1t

e'e!t"on i -"o&ote O? e'e!t"on &o9e to a hiher energ# leel (1)

!n# $ention of e$ission of light %an onl# s%ore st

$ar [1,]

37& (a) (i) hite 're%i'itate OR white sus'ension OR white soli&

(ii)

+ 3 B " 2

O H O HB "

+ 3 H B "

B "

B "

21416,tri"ro$o'henol (1)

rest of equation if for for$ation of a tri"ro$o'henol (1)5 68 :O8 + =r 2 → 5 68 2=r O8 + 8=r s%ores (1) 2

(iii)

CO

O

C H 3

C 8 O in ester $ust "e shown



54/201

(i) C (ato$) is (er#) J+ 7e!aue Cl highl# ele%tronegatieOR Cl ele%tron with&rawing (1)I:NOR referen%es to o-#gen

(so C ato$) sus%e'ti"le to nu%leo'hili% atta% OR (so C ato$)strongl# ele%tro'hili% (1)

I:NOR referen%es to a%tiation energ# 2

(") n and conc h#&ro%hlori% a%i& (a%%e't %on% HCl) OR Ae and conch#&ro%hlori% a%i& (a%%e't %on% HCl)IORE an# referen%es to aOHIORE referen%es to Ae or n as a %atal#st

(%) (i) • o&iu$ nitrite OR aO2 OR so&iu$ nitrate(;;;) (1)

OB LB HO2

• H#&ro%hlori% a%i& OR &ilute sul'huri% a%i& OR aqueous

sul'huri% a%i& 2

!CCE5B HCl if qualifie&. o not a%%e't %on%. sul'huri% a%i&Onl# awar& the h#&ro%hlori% a%i& $ar if aO2 or KO2 or HO2gien as %o,reagent

(ii) @elow 9 C L "ea!tion too 'o (1)

!"oe : C L -"ou!t e!o&-oe O? iaoniu& ion e!o&-oe (1) 2 OB HO2 &e%o$'oses

(iii)

N N O H

O ? Oi n t e a o O H " o u -

–

(i) issole in minimum olu$e of "oiling solent OR &issole inminimum olu$e of hot solent (1)

JC OB LB &a'' 9o'u&e AEEOG an# s'e%ifie& solent in%lu&ing water]Ailter hot OR filter through heated funnel (1)Cool or leae to %r#stallise (1)Ailter (un&er su%tion) (1)ash soli& with %ol& solent (an& leae to &r#)OR wash soli& with s$all olu$e of solent (an& leae to &r#) (1) :

[15]

Al khor International School *#


55/201

4-& (a) (i) 9;#


56/201

(%) (i) EX 8 + .46 – ( – 0$%3) ( + ) 1&37 (D)

Corre%t answer alone (1)

(ii)

theseo$ an%

+

+

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

tana"nota"e 7atte")!a"(in t1e!onitiont1e

&&o'%notZ


57/201

(iii)

4%0)0(4$2

%000

0$24 −××OR 9.99924 ($ol)

@he mark is for the ans!er

(i)=

× −

2

%040$24

.2(9) # %0 –4

($ol) OR 9.9992 ($ol)

AEEOG @ from (iii)@he mark is for the ans!er

() .2 # %0 –4

# %00 0$0%2(0) (&o' & –3

)

!33O BE fro$ (i)@he mark is for the ans!er

[12]

42& (a) itri% a%i& HO (1)

ilute 4* a%i& an& "oilheat (1) 2

(") Re&u%tion AEEOG re&o-

(%) (i) 4( –) a&ino-1eno' / 4(–)1"o6-1en'a&ineOR ( –)a&ino(–)4(–)1"o67enene et! AEEOG 'ara ' et%

(ii) !&& %o''er(II) (sul'hate solution) Cu2+

(1)reen "rown ('re%i'itate) for$s (1) 2

(&) (i)O H

N H C O C H 3

( + 2 N a O H ) ( + C H C O N a + H O )

O N a

N H 2

3 2 2

Organi% for$ula full# %orre%t (2)Onl# one grou' rea%ting (1) 2

(ii) o "e%ause1 'henol is not a strong enough acid to rea%t with so&iu$%ar"onate (1)NO@ 7e!aue -1eno' i a ea a!i %

Al khor International School *'


58/201

(e) (i) Dan &er aals an (-e"&anent) i-o'e – (-e"&anent) i-o'e; an

JC h#&rogen "on&s (1)

Dan &er aals "etween aro$ati% rings eer#where an#where (1)(5er$anent) &i'ole for%e "etween %ar"on#l C8O grou's (1)

H#&rogen "on&s eg "etween –H an OC (1) 4=H@ must make it clear !hich atoms are in0ol0e"

(ii) Dan &er aals total for%es in 'ara%eta$ol are too strong

JC OR H#&rogen "on&s in water are too strong

AEEOG %ar"on %hain too long large

AEEOG "e%ause of "en7ene ring

(f) (@roa&) OH (stret%hing a"sor'tion fro$) (1)

%53- – 3200 (%$ –%

) (1)

OR(@roa&) H (stret%hing a"sor'tion fro$) (1)

%3-- – 3140 (%$ –%

) (1)

=on" must be specifie" for 1st

mark but ran.e mark is

not "epen"ent on 1st

mark 2

(g) (i) C6ully correct !ith char.e

(ii) 4 –CHCO+ C2HO

+ CHO

+

–C6H:O+ (1)

I:NOR char.es unless both ne.ati0e6 then 1 ma! if fully correct A55/@ semi$structural formulae but NO@

O H+

2

(h) o gastri% internal "lee&ing suita"le for #ounger %hil&ren [2-]



59/201

4%& (i) (@u%hner) flas "oiling tu"e %onne%te& to 'u$'1 glass tu"ethrough sto''er into solutioneg

- u & -

o "

- u & -

A55/@

A i " - u & -

=ut must be a test tube an" tube to bottom as sho!n

(ii) FH+ 4H2O

A55/@ multiples

(iii) u$"er of $oles of $anganate(DII) ion

)0(0004$0%000

020$020=

×=

(1)

u$"er of $oles of ele%trons8 : # 0$00040 0$002(0) (1)

u$"er of $oles of ana&iu$ ions

00%$0%000

%0$0%0=

×=

(1)

(as ana&iu$(D) is for$e& "# loss of 2 $oles of ele%trons)O-i&ation nu$"er of ana&iu$ in aerate& solution is + (1) 4

(i) It is a 'owerful o-i&ising agent1

8 +.: DOR It is self,in&i%ating

[5]

4,& (a) Bhe e$f of a half,%ell $easure& relatie to the stan&ar& h#&rogen ele%tro&e (1)

all solutions at $ol &$ –3

%on%entration an& gases at at$ 'ressure 9 5aan& at a state& te$'erature 2FK (1) Stan"alone mark

AEEOG 'ressure of 99 5a 2



60/201

(") Intro&u%ing another $etal wire woul& set u' its own '.&. %anonl# $easure a 'otential &ifferen%e nee& sour%e an& sin for ele%trons olt$eter requires two %onne%tions

(%) (i) 2Ae(s) + O2(.) + 2H2O(l) → 2Ae2+

(aq) + 4OH –

(aq) or $ulti'les

OR

2Ae(s) + O2(.) + 2H2O(l) → 2Ae(OH)2 (s)

'e%ies (1)

"alan%ing (1)

o not allow s'e%ies $ar if ele%trons still in equation1 "ut allow"alan%ing $ar if 4e on "oth si&es 2

(ii) Erea%t 8 (+) 9.F4 (D) (1)

reater than 7ero therefore feasi"le (1) 2

JC (iii) /n o-i&ises 'referentiall# to Ae /in% a%ts as sa%rifi%ial (ano&e) (1)If n use& (an& &a$age&)1 Ae o-i&ises> 'referentiall# (1)isallow “o*idises more readil%”

E /n

2+ /n $ore negatie than for Ae

OR

E /n /n

2+ $ore 'ositie than for Ae

OR E

q%ell for /n "eing o-i&ise& "# O2 is $ore 'ositie than for Ae

"eing o-i&ise& "# O2OR

si$ilar E argu$ents relate& to 'referential o-i&ation with n (1)

"isallo! “higher” or “)igger” $or more negative or more &ositive[1-]

43& (a) elo%alisation ',s#stern (1)

&ue to oerla' of si- p,or"italsORue to oerla' of p,or"itals aroun& the ring (1)

Confers sta"ilit# "en7ene at a lower energ# leel $ore energ# nee&e& to "rea"on&s %o$'are& with haing three se'arate ' &ou"le "on&s %#%lohe-atriene1Keule stru%ture (1) Stan"alone mark



61/201

(") st

ste'0 sul'huri% and nitri% a%i& (1)%on%entrate& (1)Inter$e&iate0 itro"en7ene C6H:O2 (1)

2n&

te'0 Bin iron and conc HCl (followe& "# a&&ition of alali) (1)"isallo! Sn or >e as catalyst 4

(%) (i) !l@r Ae@r !lCl !l2Cl6 AeCl Ae2Cl6

(ii) !l@r + CHCH2@r CHCH2+ +

−4A'B" (1)

!33O C2H:+ in this e%uation only

+

+

C H 2 C H 3

C H 2 C H 3

C H 2 C H 3

C H 2 C H 3

C H 2 C H 3

C H 2 C H 3

2 3

C H 2 C H 3

( % ) o " a " " o

( % ) o " a " " o

H

H

I n t e " & e i a t e ( % )

I n t e " & e i a t e ( % )

+ H B " + A ' B " 3B " – A ' B " 3H

H

( % ) o " a " " o " o & C – H 7 o n

( % ) o " a " " o

+ H+

O ?

(%)

!rrowso not allo! to 5 2 8 *

+4

AEEOG to point ; .o to + char.e

AEEOG 5 2 8 * in interme"iate

(iii) Ele%tro'hili% su"stitution [1%]

44& (a) (i) Aor$s ions whi%h hae 'artiall# fille& " ,or"itals

OR Aor$s ions whi%h hae a 'artiall# fille& " ,su"shell



62/201

(ii) %an&iurn % and /in% /n

(") (i) Ae2+

[!r] &6

*n

2+

[!r] &

:

(1) for both correct

(ii) Ae+

is &: half fille& " ,su"shell whi%h is $ore sta"le than &

6 (1)

*n2+

is (alrea) &: (whi%h is $ore sta"le than &

4) (1) 2

(%) ha'e (1)@on&ing to %orre%t ato$s (1)

(4 –) (4–)

N C

N C

C N

: e

C N

C N

C N

O ?

N C

: e

N C

C N

C N

C N

C N

2

(&) Bwo !s ato$s o-i&ise& fro$ + to +: 'er $ole of !s2O

(loss of 4e – ) (1)

if : $oles o-i&ise&1 total 29e – 3ost %hange in o-i&ation no. 8 29 (1)

4 $oles *nO4 – re&u%e&1 total 29e

– gaine& %hange in o-i&ation no. 29

ea%h *n(DII) gains :e – %hange in o-i&ation no. : (1)

*n(ll) *n2+

(1) NO@ stan"alone mark 4

(e) (i) DO – + 2H

+ 2HO

+ → DO2

+ + H2O H2O

(ii) o "e%ause o-i&ation no. of D is +: in DO2+ O-i&ation no. of D

un%hange& (at +:)

(iii) Airst green %olour 0 DO2+ and DO

2+ (1)

e%on& green %olour 0 D+

[D(H2O)6 ]+

(1)

Diolet %olour 0 D2+

[D(H2O)6 ]2+

1 (1)

[14]



63/201

45& (a) OCl – → 2Cl

– + ClO

– (1)

%hlorine (in OCl – ) is (si$ultaneousl#) o-i&ise& fro$ + to +: (1)

an& re&u%e& fro$ + to –% (1)If only o-i"ation numbers .i0en ma! 1 (out o' 2)

If o-i"ation numbers omitte" ma! 1 (out o' 2)

(") (i) "lue "la% to %olourless

(ii) no. $oles−2

32OS use& 8 2.: # 0$ % / %000 %$ 25 # %0 –3

(1)

no. $oles I2 8 .2: # %0 –3

2 8 6.2: # %0 –4

(1)

no. $oles ClO – 8 no. $oles 2 (1)

no. $oles ClO – in original 9 %$

8 9 # *$25 # %0

–4

8 6.2: # %0 –3

(1)

no. $oles ClO – in &$

8 99 # *$25 # %0

–3 (1) 8 9.62: :

(iii) $ass Cl2 8 9.62: # =%

44$4 ()

mark conse%uentially on (ii)must be 3s&f& in final ans!er

(%) Cl2 is the stronger o-i&ising agent "e%ause Cl2 o-i&ises fro$(+)2 to (+)6 (1)"ut l2 o-i&ises fro$ (+)2 to (+)2.:9 (1) 2

JC (&) O2 o-i&ises KI io&i&e to l2. or "alan%e& equation (1)

ll2 rea%ts with star%h 'a'er to gie "lue "la% (1) 2

[1,]

46& (a) C9HF AEEOG (C:H4)2NO@ (C6H4)2

(") (i) –*00NO@ + 699NO@ 699



64/201

(ii) a'hthalene is $oreer# sta"le than &ou"le "on&s suggest (1)

?ust be a comparison for the 1st

mark

Bherefore the ele%trons"on&s $a# "eare &elo%alise&(oer the ring s#ste$)

OR it is a &elo%alise& s#ste$ (1) No @ from (i)elocalise" mark can be .i0en if "elocalisation mentione" in (iii) 2

(iii) o"e%ause it is liel# to rea%t lie "en7ene &elo%alise& stru%ture no &ou"le "on&sOR "ro$ine not a strong enough ele%tro'hile without a %atal#st

OR e 7ut on' i bromine [OB "ro$ine solution] an& a %atal#st %

(%) (i) Reagent2,%hloro'ro'ane (1) AEEOG ,%hloro'ro'ane OR other halogeno'ro'anesNO@ %hloro'ro'aneNO@ "ro$o,2,'ro'ane

AEEOG formula !ith or !ithout non$systematic name AEEOG ClCH(CH)2 OR (CH)2CHCl OR C(CH)2HCl OR ClC(CH)2H

Catal#stalu$iniu$ %hlori&e !lCl!l2Cl6OR alu$iniu$ "ro$i&e !l@r 3

OR iron(III) %hlori&eAeCl (1)

NO@ !lCl4( –)

NO@ i"on on its o!n

If both correct but !ron. !ay roun" 1 (out o' 2) 2

(ii) ele%tro'hili% (1)su"stitution (1)5an be .i0en in any or"er?ark in"epen"ently 2

[7]



65/201

47& (a) (i) Ae [!r]

&64s

2

or &64s2or &64s2

or 4s2&

6 (1)

Ae2+ [!r]

&6

or &6

or &64s

9 (1)

Eetter " must be lo!er case !n# a&&itional letters of nu$"ers (-) 2

(ii) @he mark is for the shape

AEEOG bon" to 8 of 8 2 O (e-cept on left si"e if O8 2 is .i0en)

I:NOR char.e unless incorrect

(iii) [Ae(H2O)6]2+

+ 2OH – → [Ae(OH)2(H2O)4] + 2H2O

OR

[Ae(H2O)6]2+

+ 2OH – → Ae(OH)2 + 6H2O

OR equations with 2aOH as rea%tant an& 2a+

as 'ro&u%tI:NOR state symbols



66/201

(i) reen 're%i'itate soli& → fo-#,re& re&,"rown "rown orange

=oth colours an" precipitate ; soli" nee"e" NO@ &arens



67/201

() 2 + H2 → 2H

OR equation with Cl2



68/201

(") (i) E$f of %ell 'otential &ifferen%e of %ell %ontaining Ae2+

an& Ae (1)and stan&ar& h#&rogen ele%tro&e half %ell NO@ SHF

OR h#&rogen ele%tro&e an& $ol &$ –3

H+ an& at$ H2 (1)

$ol &$ –3

Ae2+

I:NOR temperature



69/201

JCN(ii) E$f of h#&rogen ele%tro&e is 7ero – state" or implie" (e.g. if %al%ulate E%ell 8 +9.44(D)) (1)

Ae + 2H+ → Ae

2+ + H2 (1) – e%uation stan" alone

5otential for the rea%tion is 'ositie so rea%tion is feasi"le (1)OR

H+ an& (@)H2 has a $ore +e ele%tro&e 'otential than Ae2+ an& Ae (1)

H+ will o-i&ise Ae H

+ is an o-i&ising agent Ae is a re&u%ing

agent for H+ other %orre%t re&o- state$ent (1)

Ae + 2H+ → Ae

2+ + H2 (1) – stan" alone



70/201

(iii) High a so slow rea%tion rea%tants are ineti%all# sta"le

I:NOR any mention of non$stan"ar" con"itions



71/201

(%) 2Ae+

+ 2I – → 2Ae

2+ + I2 or wor&s E

9 8 () -&2%D (1)

o I – woul& re&u%e Ae

+ Ae

+ woul& o-i&ise I

– E

9 'ositie so rea%tion

3 → R (1)

OR reerse argu$ent (2)

OR Ae

+ an& Ae

2+ has a $ore 'ositie ele%tro&e 'otential than I2 an& I

– (1)

I – will re&u%e Ae

+ Ae

+ will o-i&ise I

– (1) 2

[13]

Al khor International School '1


72/201

5-& (a) (i) C6H:O – a

+ C6H:Oa C6H:O

–

o not allo! co0alent O$Na

(ii)

No other Isomer allo!e"

OR

I:NOR bon" to 8 of O8



73/201

(iii)

No rin. substitution allo!e"



74/201

(") (i) aO2 so&iu$ nitrate nitrate(III) (1)

%on% aq &il HCl h#&ro%hlori% a%i& (1)NO@ HCI !n# te$'erature "etween 9 , 9 COR range "etween 9 , 9 C (1)

NO@ 'e t1an %0 CI:NOR eer#thing "efore 'hen#la$ine eg starting fro$ "en7ene5on"itions are "epen"ent on correct or nearly correct rea.ents

Al khor International School '#


75/201

(ii)

Corre%t &ia7oniu$ ion (1) if , +8 the + $ust "e on %orre%t

Corre%t equation (1)I:NOR 'osition of OH grou'

5an inclu"e 5l – if e%uation is balance"

AEEOG + C6H:OH → $ + H+

2

Al khor International School '*


76/201

(iii) !laline alali so&iu$ h#&ro-i&e aOH KOH 'otassiu$ h#&ro-i&e so&iu$ %ar"onate so&iu$ h#&rogen%ar"onateI:NOR te$'erature

[7]



77/201

51& (a) (i) Chloro$ethane "ro$o$ethane (1) AEEOG $eth#l %hlori&e

(anh#&rous) alu$iniu$ %hlori&e (1)NO@ iron (III) %hlori&e "ro$i&e AEEOG formulae 2

Al khor International School ''


78/201

(ii) u"stitution (1)Ele%tro'hili% (1)In any or"er

–% o" ea!1 e6t"a in!o""e!t t-e e aition a e'' a u7titution 2



79/201

(iii) CHCl + !lCl → A'C'4− an& CH

+ CH

+ !lCl4

− (1)

AEEOG @ !ith >e5l 3

an& the 'ositie ionele%tro'hile is then attra%te& to the (&elo%alise&)ele%trons in the "en7ene ringnegatie "en7ene ring (1) 2



80/201

(") (i)

2 (or or 4),%hloro(,,)$eth#l"en7ene (1) – must be consistent !ith formula AEEOG ,%hloro,4,$eth#l "en7ene $eth#l,4,%hloro"en7ene et% 2



81/201

(ii) Chlorine (in an inert solent) (1)NO@ aqH2O

iron OR iron(III) %hlori&e (1)?ark in"epen"ently AEEOG formulae 2



82/201

(%) (i) u"stitution (1)u%leo'hili% (1)I:NOR h#&rol#sisNO@

NO@ h#&rogenation 2



83/201

(ii) se%on& or&er

"e%ause the halogenoalane is a 'ri$ar# one two 'arti%les"othrea%tants are inole& in R (1)

Aor$ulae showing %ar"on ato$ has a J+ it1 OH− atta%ing it

If SN 1 AEEOG ma! 1 for sho!in. halo.enoalkane ionisin. in

slo!est step 2



84/201

(&) (Aull) o-i&ation re&o-NO@ re&u%tionNO@ 'artial o-i&ation



85/201

(e) An 2set the$ on fireheat (1)"oth "urn with a soot# fla$e (1)

a&& so&iu$ (1)"oth gie off "u""les of gas h#&rogenfi77efferes%eso&iu$ will

&isa''earwhite soli& for$s (1)

a&& 5Cl: (1)

$ist# fu$es of HCl (1)

nitri% an& sul'huri% a%i& (1) NO@ nitration'ro&u%es #ellow"rownre& 'ro&u%ts (1) NO@ "rown gas &isa''ears

If the# &es%ri"e esterifi%ation to 'ro&u%e oil# &ro's of the sa$e ester ma! 2NO@ reagents whi%h 'ro&u%e no rea%tion eg. @ra "eaentNO@ &e%olorise "ro$ine water NO@ &e%olorise "ro$ine an& iron iron "ro$i&e 4

[17]



86/201

52& (a) (i) CH: (1)


87/201

(ii)

?ark in"epen"ently AEEOG other three6 four an" fi0e membere" rin. structures AEEOG fully;partially "isplaye" formulaeNO@ open$chain structure !ith 2 H C6C NO+ C 8 1 =r 2 6 open

chain !ith one 575 2



88/201

(iii) tru%tural for$ula (1)

OR @&& pro0i"in. correct numbers of bon"s?ay be in e%uation

9thanol"alcohol(ic) an& heat 'ressure seale& tu"e (1)

C6H9@r 2 + 4H → C6H42 + 2H4@r (2)

A55/@ 8=r (for (1)) 4



89/201

(")

A55/@ any multiples ; partial multiples AEEOG allo!e" @ from (iii)I:NOR ‘n’s 2

5on"ensation (polymerisation) (1) [11]



90/201

5%& (a) (i) s22s

22'

6s

2'

64s

&

:

OR

s22s

22'

6s

2'

6&

:4s

JCN(ii) D an& *n hae two 4s ele%trons fille& 4s (or"ital) Cr has one (1)

&ue to sta"ilit# of half,fille& shell4s an& & leels hae si$ilar energies (1) 2



91/201

JCN(") Cr +

(aq)1 Cr 2+

(aq)(I5t) –0$4%(V) (1)

[O2(g) + 2H2O(l)]1 4OH – (aq)(I5t) +9.4(9) (D) (1)

AEEOG a state symbol omission in each& AEEOG half e%uations5an be .i0en in a cell "ia.ram

"# a''li%ation of the anti,%lo%wise rule o-#gen will o-i&ise Cr 2+

OR

E9 %ell 8 (+) 9.F(D) an& this is reater than (+) 9.6 (D)

OR

Cr 2+

has $ore negatie ele%tro&e 'otential so will re&u%e o-#gen o-#gen $ore 'ositie et%. (1)



92/201

JCN(%) (i) ater a%ts as a ligan& "# a non,"on&ing 'air (of ele%trons onthe o-#gen ato$) (1)*aing a &atie (%oalent)%o,or&inate "on& (to the %hro$iu$ ion) (1)2

(ii) @i&entate%helate"ri&ging



93/201

JCN(iii) Bwo 'eas in the *R s'e%tru$ (1)ue to two &ifferent eniron$ents of h#&rogen ato$s H in H2O an& H in CH (1)

?ark in"epen"ently 2



94/201

JCN(i) An two0C,H ?ust "elow 999 262,2F: 4F:,6:O,H 299,F99C8O


95/201

(&) (i) C2H6O to C2H4O 'roi&e& a2Cr 2O


96/201

5,& (a) (i) Au$ing sul'huri% a%i& %on%.sul'huri% a%i& P sul'hur trio-i&e (1)ar$(heat un&er) reflu- hot high te$'erature (1)[fu$ing%on%. %oul& a''ear as a %on&ition]OR %on%entrate& sul'huri% a%i&

(heat un&er) reflu- for se*eral hours (1) 2

(ii) O OH+



97/201

(") (i) OR C6H:@r

(ii) u"stitution (1) Ele%tro'hile (1) 2

(iii) !s o!en lone pair is &elo%alise& into ring intera%ts with e – in ring (1)

@en7ene ring $ore attra%tie to ele%tro'hilesgreater ele%tron&ensit#$ore nu%leo'hili% (1) 2



98/201

(%) (i) Eth#l"en7ene5hen#lethane

(ii) !lu$iniu$ %hlori&e rea%ts with %hloroethane (1)In&u%ing a 'ositie %harge on the eth#l grou' (1)OR %orre%t equation showing %harges

!lCl + CHCH2Cl → !lCl4 + CHCH2 (2) 2



99/201

(&) (i) LDsun light

(ii) 121141:16,(he-a)%hloro %#%lohe-ane [1%]



100/201

53& (a) (i) It is non,su'eri$'osa"le on $irror i$age it has a single as#$$etri%%ar"on ato$

(ii) rotates the 'lane (of 'olarisation) (1)of ('lane –) -o'a"ie (&ono!1"o&ati!) 'i1t (1)OR

Lse a 'olari$eter (1)rotates the 'lane (of 'olarisation) of the light (1) 2

(iii) 'ro&u%t is an equi$olar $i-turera%e$i% $i-ture (1)so rotations %an%el (1) 2



101/201

(") – NH +Cl

– on the a$ino grou' (1)

–COO – a

+ on the %ar"o-#l grou' (1) 2

(%) /wifterion t"u!tu"e (1)Bhere is ioni% attra%tion "etween a&?a%ent 7witterions (1) 2



102/201

(&) (i) ('ol#$er for$e& "#) eli$ination re$oal of a s$all $ole%ule water ("etween two $ono$ers)

(ii) an# CIOCNNNCOCl (1) an& H2NCH2NH2 (1) 2

(iii) stru%ture %onsequential on answer to (ii) showing a$i&e lin (1)

an& e-tension of the %hain (1) 2

(i)

N C C N C C N C C

H C H O C H O H C H O

H H H H

3 3 3

COH &rawn out (1)

how units (1) 2[14]



103/201

54& (a) (i) –240 ([ &o' –%

)

(ii) –3*0 ([ &o' –%

)5enalise in%orre%t units on%e onl#

(iii) Oerla' of ',or"itals ' (s#ste$) (1)

(results in) &elo%alisation (1)

$aes "en7ene ($ore) sta"le ("# :2 $ol –%

) (1)JCN



104/201

(") (i) !l@r !IC Ae@r Ae

Aor$ula $ust "e %orre%t> no na$es

(ii) Ignore %url# arrows in this first ste'> $ar s'e%ies onl#(%onsistent with %atal#st)

B "

B "B "

+

+

+ –

++ H

B " + A ' B " B " + A ' B "2 3 4 ( 1 )

(1) (1) stru%ture(1) arrow

!lternatie wa# of showing 'art 'la#e& "# %atal#st

B " B " A ' B " 3

!llow Keul. inte"&eiate 4

B "

H

+

(iii) Ele%tro'hili% su"stitution [11]



105/201

55& (a) (i) s22s

22'

6s

2'

6&

94s

2a%%e't an# or&er

(ii) s22s

22'

6s

2'

6&

9Conseq on (a) (i)

(") d@block0 last (a&&e&) ele%tron is in a & –(u7) 1e'' / o"7ita' (1)$ot transition0 &oes not for$ ions with 'artiall# fille& &,(su") shell

or"itals (1) 2

(%) ,&rawing e.g. we&ges hat%hes or 'ers'e%tie &iagra$ (1)3a"els %oalent "on& within water $ole%ule (1). Bhis $ust "e &rawnout use of a e# is a%%e'ta"le.

hows &atie %oalent "on& fro$ water to %entral /n2+

(1)3a"els a 9 an'e (1)Ignore a"sen%e of %harge on ion 4



106/201

(&) (i) hite 're%i'itate soli& sus'ension (1) OB 'ow&er Colourless solution (in e-%ess a$$onia) OB !'ea" (1) 2

(ii) [/n(H2O)6]2+

+ 2H → [/n(OH)2(H2O)4]+ 2H4+

/r

[/n(H2O)6]2+

+ 2OH –

→ [/n(OH)2(H2O)4]+ 2H2O/r

[/n(H2O)6]2+

+ 2OH – → /n(OH)2 + 6H2O

/r

[/n(H2O)6]2+

+ 2H → /n(OH)2 + 2H4+ + 4H2O (1)

[/n(OH)2(H2O)4] + 4H → [/n(H)4(H2O)2]2+

+ 2OH – + 2H2O

/r

/n(OH)2 + 4H → [/n(H)4]2+

+ 2OH –

(1) for %ation for$e&(1) for "alan%ing equation with the %orre%t s'e%ies (2)



107/201

(e) (i) &,(su") shell or"itals are full &9

arrange$ent of ele%trons (1)o ?u$'s of &,ele%trons no &,& transitions (1)

!n# $ention of e – falling "a% &own or no -'ittin o Yo"7ita' an

e!on &a" i not aa"e 2

(ii) Cr is a transition $etal Cr %an hae &,& transitions CrO42 –

is#ellow Cr(+6) or Cr(DI) is #ellow

[14]



108/201

56& (a) (i) Bhe 'otential (&ifferen%e) e.$.f. (of a half –!e'') "e'ati9e to t1etana" 1"oen e'e!t"oe (1)

Con!ent"ation (o a'' ion) % &o' & –3

and(an# gases at) 'ressure at$ (1)Ignore an# referen%es to te$'erature 2

(ii) /ne 'rom:Can onl# $easure a 'otential di''erence/r o that %o$'arisons %an "e $a&e "etween an# half %ells



109/201

(") (i) :H2O2 + 2*nO4 – + 6H

+ → :O2 + 2*n

2+ + FH2O (2)

(1) for s'e%ies(1) for "alan%ing the %orre%t s'e%ies

Ereaction 8 + 9.F4 (D) (1)

or if ?ust states 0$4; &ut &ention t1at t1i i a -oiti9e 9a'ue 3



110/201

(ii) Ai77ing"u""les (1)('in) %olour lost sta#s %olourless (1)(en& 'oint) solution re$ains 'in 'ale 'ur'le (1)

(iii) 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2 (1)

O (in H2O

2) o-i&ise& fro$ –% to 0 (in O

2) (1)

O (in H2O2) re&u%e& fro$ –% to –2 (in H2O) (1)

[12]



111/201

57& (a) 6

solution =

o&iu$%ar"onate

fi77ingefferes%en%

e "u""les (1)

no rea%tion no "u""les (1)

@ra "eaent (2;4Yinit"o -1en' 1"aine)

no !1ane/

(ta)

e''o/o"ane

(1)

#ellow orange orange,re& or

#ellow,orangeprecipitate "

(%r#stalline) soli&(1)

5otassiu$&i%hro$ate +sul'huri% a%i&

no %hange(sta#s)

orange (1)

oes fro$ orange togreen

"rownishgreen&ull green

(1)



112/201

(") (i)

o not allo! if bon" is ob0iously to !ron. atom frombenzenerin.



113/201

(ii)



114/201

(iii) Ln&is'la#e& ester + un%hange& – CHO (1)Corre%tl# &is'la#e& for "oth grou's (1) 2

(i) sul'huri% a%i& h#&ro%hlori% a%i&

() Cl (an& O) ele%tronegatieele%tron with&rawing (1)

o C&+

is $ore er# sus%e'ti"le to nu%leo'hili% atta% $ore &+$ore ele%tro'hili% (1) 2



115/201

(%) (i) Ele%tro'hiles ele%tro'hili%

(ii) @r &+

@r + @r

&+ – @r

& –

(iii) !n# su"stitution 'ro&u%t with @r on "en7ene ring1 an& other grou's un%hange&

(i) lone 'airs ele%trons on phenolic grou' $ae ring $ore negatie than in "en7ene lone 'airs on /


116/201

6-& (a) s2 2s

2 2'

6 s

2 '

6 &

6 4s

24s

2 &

6 OR &

F (4s

9) (1)

In%o$'lete & shell (in the ion) (1) 2



117/201

(") (i) i(CO)4

(ii) 9



118/201

(%) (i) i(H2O)62+

(aq) + H(aq) → i(H2O):(H)2+

(aq) + H2O(I)

QWCB (ii) is liel# to "e s$all %lose to 7ero (1) – No -! ame number o' moles"molecules"particles in the same stateson "oth si&es of the equation (1) 2



119/201

(&) (i) !g+(aq) + Cl

– (aq) → !g

(+)Cl

( –)(s)

(ii) $ole of !gCl has a $ass of 4.:(9F+:.:) (1)OR 4. fro$ ata @oo (or 4.4)u$"er of $oles of !gCl 8 6.4.: 8 9.942


120/201

(iii) : + F # 6 + %= # (* – 6) +=% 234232 + 6 234

6 2 %

(Ni(H2O)2(H)4]Cl2) Aor$ula OB nee&e& for $ar

(i) Bhe two water $ole%ules %oul& "e at F9 o" >0 to one anot1e"

O%tahe&ral stru%ture (1) !33O the wor& o%tahe&ral to e-'lain &iagra$Qs sha'e 2

[1,]



121/201

61& (a) (i) s22s

22'

6s

2'

6&

F4s

2

(ii) s22s

22'

6s

2'

6 &

F



122/201

(")

N i

O H

O HO H

O H

H O

H O

2

2 2

2

2

2 (1)

Shape mark ?ust be 3 –D ie wedges or dashesla"elle& %oalent "etween O –H OR arrow to H2Oan& la"elle& %oalent

"on& (1)la"elle& &atie %oalent "etween O ato$ an& ion (1)



123/201

(%) (i) [i(H2O)4(OH)2]

AEEOG i(OH)2



124/201

(ii) e'rotonation (1)two su%%essie &e'rotonations neutral s'e%ies 'ro&u%ing insolu"le%o$'oun& (1) 2



125/201

(iii) 3igan& e-%hange (1)

giing (solu"le) [i(H2O)9 or 2(H)6 or 4]2+

OR in !or"s (1) 2

[1-]



126/201

62& (a) (i) Lse Eq alues for re&u%tion of Ae

+ to Ae

2+ "# /n (E

q %ell 8 + .:D) (1)

an& Ae2+

to Ae "# /n (Eq

%ell 8 +9.2D)(1)

Bhe# hae 'ositie Eq so are feasi"le (1) NO@ i'' 1a--en

O?

ATTO\ Zn2+

/n is $ore negatie than "oth Ae+

Ae2+

an& Ae2+

Ae (1)so 7in% is a stronger re&u%ing agent (1)so 7in% re&u%ing "oth is feasi"le (1)



127/201

(ii) Re&u%tion of Ae2+

has high a%tiation energ# ineti%all# sta"le



128/201

(") (i) *n O4 – + :Ae

2+ + FH

+ → *n

2+ + :Ae

+ + 4H2O

'e%ies (1)@alan%e (1) !n# state s#$"ols ignore&. 2



129/201

(ii) 'ur'le %olour of *nO4 – lost (1)

en& 'oint when #ellow %olourless solution (1)"e%o$es ('er$anentl#) 'in (1)



130/201

(%) !$ount *nO4 – in

st titration 8 9.9F2 &$

# 0$0200 &o' &

–3

8 .64 # %0 –4

$ol (1)

!$ount Ae2+

in original solution 8 : # a7o9e 9a'ue %$2 # %0 –3

$ol (1)

!$ount Ae2+

in 2n&

titration 8 a$ount of Ae2+

an&

Unit 5 Exam Questions MS

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