UNIT 5 CELLULAR ENERGETICS Chapter 8: Photosynthesis Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration.

UNIT 5CELLULAR ENERGETICS

Chapter 8: PhotosynthesisChapter 9: Cellular Respiration

PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION

Heterotrophs vs. AutotrophsATP Structure and Function

PhotosynthesisEquationChloroplast StructureStage 1: Light AbsorptionStage 2: Electron Transport ChainStage 3: Calvin CycleLight Dependent vs. Light Independent

Cellular RespirationEquationMitochondria StructureStage 1: GlycolysisStage 2: Krebs CycleStage 3: Electron Transport ChainAmount of ATP producedLactic Acid FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation

Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration

Life dependson sunlight(93 million miles)

1 day = 1.5 billion times the energy in US for 1 year

Energy = the ability to do work

“Food Chain”

makes eats

Heterotrophs = organisms that “eat”their food

Autotrophs =Organisms that make their own food (sun)

Producers

Primary Consumers

Secondary Consumers

Energy Pyramid

HerbivoresCarnivoresOmnivores

Food

Broken down

Delivered

Energy Pathway?

?

ATPAdenosine Triphosphate                                                   

Nucleotidewith 2 extra P groups

Sugar

Nitrogen Base“Adenosine”Macromolecule? 3-P’s

Extra P groups unstable (neg charge = repel)

Bonds broken = release energy

ATP ADP + P

CELLULARRESPIRATION

RESPIRATION

= process by which sugar is broken down

to release energy (ATP).

Work requiresenergy

“EAT FOOD”

Where get energy?

Heterotrophs

Hence, we are called?

AlsoAutotrophs

Why?

They make itthen break it

Food broken down into smaller particles

Cells

Which system?

Where to?

Intestine Blood Muscle

“metabolism”

MitochondriaORGANELLE?

Chemical Equation for Respiration

Glucose (sugar) + Oxygen

ATP + Carbon Dioxide + Water

“Heat”

Reactants Products

6CO2C6H12O6 6O2 6H2O+ + + (36)ATP

3 Stages:GlycolysisKrebs CycleElectron Transport Chain

Heat

Stage One:

“Glycolysis”

Cytoplasm

One 6 carbon (glucose)

Two 3 carbon (pyruvate)

2 ATP 4 ATP

Electron carrier

Pyruvate + Oxygen ATP + Water + CO2

Stage 2:“Krebs Cycle”

Mitochondria

Pyruvate NADH, FADH2, ATP

Pyruvate Mitochondria Acetyl CoA Matrix

3-C 2-CCO2 released

Enzyme assisted

Electron carrier

Electron carrier

Energy NADH and FADH2

Each Pyruvate

Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain

High energy electrons (NADH and FADH2) ATP

e- from NADHpump H+ out

e- and H+combine with 02

H2O

H+ diffuse through proteinsynthesize ATP

Majority

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

= process of trapping energy from sunlight and using it to build sugars.

Autotrophs

Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis

Sunlight + Carbon Dioxide + Water Take In Make/Give Off

Glucose (sugar) + Oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2Light +

Light Energy

CO2 + H2O Chloroplast

Sugars + O2

LeavesStem

3 Stages1. Absorption of Light Energy2. Conversion of Light Energy3. Storage of Energy

STAGE 1Light Absorption

Chlorophyll in Thylakoids

ROY G BIVWeakestStrongest

Uses Most? Uses Least?

= Blue and Red

= Green and Yellow

Pigments =Chlorophyll a and b

Carotenoids

Found in Thylakoid membrane

1. Sunlight excites chlorophyll e-2. Water split by enzyme O2 and H+

and e-

Stage 2“Electron Transport Chain”

H+ moved in (energy required)Sunlight (re-energize e-)

NADP+ (e- + H+) NADPH

H+ continue to move in (protein)

Inside thylakoid +, Outside -

Provides energy ADP + P ATP

Stage 3

Stage 1 and 2

Higher energyforms

1. CO2 entersJoins 5-C Compounds

2. 3 6-C compounds split 6 3-C

Stage 3“Calvin Cycle”

3. 1 3-C compound removed

4. 5 remaining 3-CCompounds reform3 5-C compounds

Light-Dependent Reactions

NADPH

ATP

Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview

Go to Section:

LightWater

O2

Stage 1 and 2“Light Dependent”

Light + Water ATP + NADPH + Oxygen

Light Energy Converted to Chemical Energy

CalvinCycle

NADPH

ATP

ADP + PNADP+

Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview

Go to Section:

CO2

Sugar!!!

Stage 3“Light Independent”

ATP + NADPH + CO2 Sugar + NADP+ + (ADP +P)

Light-Dependent Reactions

CalvinCycle

NADPH

ATP

ADP + PNADP+

Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview

Go to Section:

LightWater

O2

CO2

Sugar!!!

PHOTO vs. RESPIRATION

• End products of Photosynthesis

• Beginning products of Respiration

What have in common?

“Circle of Life”