Unit 4 package 6

CBSS SEC 2 GEOGRAPHYUnit 4 : Transport

Package 6

Transport•How do some cities manage traffic congestion?

Strategies to manage traffic congestion

•Making public transport a choice mode•Managing road usage•Other measures

Making public transport a choice mode

• Integrated public transport system•Bus lane schemes•Expansion of rail networks• Increased capacity & frequency of buses and rail

Integrated public transport system•Public transport seen as a whole•MRT, LRT, Bus, Taxi•Ez-link card

Benefits Challenges- More convenient- Increase accessibility- Improve efficiency- More people will want to

take public transport

- Requires extensive planning- Requires lots of money $$$- Not feasible in all countries

Bus lane schemes•Bus lanes are set aside for buses on specific days and time

Bus lane schemes

Benefits Challenges- Buses are able to move

quickly and reduce traffic congestion

- Buses will arrive on schedule even during peak hours

- Attract more commuters to take bus

- Success of bus lane schemes depends on the compliance of other drivers

- Allocating a bus lane may lead to 1 lesser lane for private car users

- May lead to traffic congestion for private car users

Expansion of rail networks• Increase the number of locations that trains can reach

- Build more tracks to ensure that the rail network covers a large area

- Build more stations along the tracks

•Land Transport Master Plan 2013

Expansion of rail networks•Land Transport Master Plan 2013- Rail network will double to 360km in next 20 years- 8 in 10 homes will be located within a 10-minute walk from

a train station

Benefits Challenges- Train have very high

capacities and can transport more people each time

- People can travel to destinations by train, some of which are previously accessible only by car or bus

- Building rail networks is expensive $$$

- Proposed rail lines may cut through housing estates and buildings

- People have to bear with construction noise or give up their house or property to make way for new lines

- Inconvenience for residents & businesses in the area

Increased capacity & frequency of buses & rail

•Bigger buses & trains•Arrive more frequently (shorter waiting time)

•Partnership with private transport operators

Increased capacity & frequency of buses & rail

Increased capacity & frequency of buses & rail

Benefits Challenges- More people can be

transported to places within a short time

- Increasing the frequency and capacity of buses and trains could be costly $$$

How does traffic congestion affects the environment?

In your groups, • Discuss and write down which of the strategies used will attract you and why. (Only 1)

• Is 1 strategy alone enough to manage traffic congestion?

• You need a presenter who will present your findings to your class.

• You have 3 minutes to prepare your presentation.

Managing Road System

•Road Pricing• Increased parking fee•Enhanced traffic monitoring

Road Pricing• Charge users when they use certain road

Road Pricing

Road Pricing•Adjusted to different congested areas and at different timing

•Discourage the usage of road•Successful in:- Reducing traffic volume on the road during peak hours- Increase average expressway speed during peak hours

Benefits Challenges- High cost discourage driving

during peak hours- Drivers may take alternative

mode of transport

- Traffic is diverted to other roads

- May lead to congestion elsewhere

Increase Parking Fee• Increase the total cost of driving to the CBD area

Benefits Challenges- High parking fees

discourage ownership of private cars

- High parking fees discourage driving to the CBD area

- Drivers may resort to illegal parking to avoid paying high fee

- Illegal parking will cause other road to be congested or pose a danger to other road users

Carpool•Sharing rides with commuters going to the same destination

Benefits Challenges- Lower cost- Environmental friendly- Reduces congestion

- Dangerous as you may be sharing a ride with strangers

Enhanced traffic monitoring•Expressway Monitoring & Advisory System (EMAS)

- Deliver live traffic information to drivers

•Green Link Determining (GLIDE)- Computerise and adjust traffic light according to the traffic condition

Enhanced traffic monitoringBenefits Challenges

- Drivers can avoid places with congestion

- Traffic monitoring only encourages drivers to drive elsewhere and does not reduce the number of vehicles on the road

How does traffic congestion affects the environment?

In your groups, • Discuss and write down which road managing strategy is the most useful and why?

• You need a presenter who will present your findings to your class.

• You have 3 minutes to prepare your presentation.

Other Measures

•Telecommuting•Encourage Cycling

Telecommuting•Work arrangement where employees work from home or at a location near their home

•Requires technology(Internet connections, telephone, computers, video conference)

Benefits Challenges- Reduced the need to travel- Reduces the congestion- Allows flexibility- Environmental-friendly- Low cost

- Employees must be focus on-task

Encouraging Cycling

•More bicycle-friendly towns • Installation of bicycle lanes & bicycle parking area

•Tampines, Pasir Ris, Ang Mo Kio

Encouraging CyclingBenefits Challenges

- Low cost - Healthy- Environmental-friendly &

sustainable- A convenient mode of

transport with flexibility & mobility

- May be dangerous to all road users if cyclist failed to cycle in the proper manner

- May be dangerous to the cyclist if the bicycle track is too near the road

- Some cities are not suited to cycling due to the layout, traffic conditions or topography

Package 6 homework

•Study the following pages •PG