Unit 4 Nasals, Approximants & Lateral(s)

Unit 4 Nasals, ApproximanUnit 4 Nasals, Approximants & Lateral(s)ts & Lateral(s)

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Nasals, Approximants & Lateral(s)Nasals, Approximants & Lateral(s)

Like the stops, the nasals are all made by closing the vocal tLike the stops, the nasals are all made by closing the vocal tract at some point in the mouth. Unlike the stops or any ract at some point in the mouth. Unlike the stops or any other sounds in the language, there is an opening into thother sounds in the language, there is an opening into the nasal cavity in the pronunciation so that the sound can e nasal cavity in the pronunciation so that the sound can be resonated through the nose. The nasal consonants arbe resonated through the nose. The nasal consonants are /m/, /n/, and /e /m/, /n/, and //. /. /w/, /r/, and /j/ are called approximants because it is an arti/w/, /r/, and /j/ are called approximants because it is an articulation in which the articulators approach each other bculation in which the articulators approach each other but do not get sufficiently close to each other to produce a ut do not get sufficiently close to each other to produce a "complete" consonant such as a stop, nasal or fricative. "complete" consonant such as a stop, nasal or fricative. /l/ is called a "lateral" because during its pronunciation, the /l/ is called a "lateral" because during its pronunciation, the passage of air through the mouth does not go in the usuapassage of air through the mouth does not go in the usual way along the centre of the tonguel way along the centre of the tongue

Speaking Exercise1: A. p39Speaking Exercise1: A. p39

/l/-/r/ /l/-/r/ ，， /r//r/ 和 和 ri (ri ( 日日 )) 对比对比 练习 练习 ::/liru/ & /luri//liru/ & /luri/ rural, lull, really, leeryrural, lull, really, leery

Allophonic variations of /l/Allophonic variations of /l/

Syllabic syllable: botSyllabic syllable: bottletle"Clear-l","Clear-l", made with the tongue in the classical f made with the tongue in the classical f

ronted position: ronted position: leaselease"Dark-l","Dark-l", (the tongue tip and blade in the post al (the tongue tip and blade in the post al

veolar position):veolar position): callcallDevoiced in consonant clustersDevoiced in consonant clusters with voiceless st with voiceless st

ops: playops: playThe post-palatal, or velar /l/:The post-palatal, or velar /l/: milk milk

Comparison between clear and Comparison between clear and darkdark