Unit 4: Ecology Vocab REMEMBER TO DO A VOCAB MENU OPTION! 1. Carbon cycle 2. Carnivore 3. Decomposer 4. Ecology 5. Food chain 6. Herbivore 7. Omnivore 8. Primary consumer 9. Producer 10. Secondary consumer 11. Water cycle
Jan 16, 2016
Unit 4: Ecology Vocab REMEMBER TO DO A VOCAB MENU OPTION!
1. Carbon cycle2. Carnivore3. Decomposer4. Ecology5. Food chain6. Herbivore7. Omnivore8. Primary consumer9. Producer10.Secondary consumer11.Water cycle
Reminders
Late work still be accepted. Today’s Schedule:
Bellringer: _______________ is the process by which plants make sugar with sunlight.
Begin Ecology: Interactions Notes
Monday, Nov. 5th
Reminder: you lose 5 points per day
(including weekends) that any assignment is turned in after the due date
Update: late work for a unit will not be accepted after that unit’s exam All vocab, worksheets, study guide, etc.
must be turned in by the exam day I will send home a letter this week about this
Update to Late Work Policy
Essential Question: How Essential Question: How are the entities of life are the entities of life
interconnected?interconnected?
Energy Flow & Food webs Nutrient Cycles
Water Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus
Species interactions Competition Symbiosis
Ecology Unit Topics
Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Ultimate source of energy = sun
Plants, algae, & some bacteria capture solar energy - perform photosynthesis
Organelle that performs photosynthesis = chloroplast (pigment inside = chlorophyll)
Photosynthesis
= Carbon dioxide + water + solar energy sugar (glucose) & oxygen
CO2 + H20 + solar energy C6H12O6 + O2
Reactants Products
Photosynthesis
Performed by producers = an organism that makes its own food via photosynthesis* Aka autotrophs
From producers to ….
Consumer = an organism that gets energy by eating other organisms Aka heterotroph
Converts sugar into usable energy through cellular respiration Organelle that performs cellular
respiration = mitochondria
Cellular respiration
= Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide & water & energy (ATP)
C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H20 + ATP
Reactants Products
Energy molecule
Consumers can be categorized by…
What is eats: Herbivore: eats producers Carnivore: eats other consumers Omnivore: eats producers &
consumers Scavenger: eats dead large
animals Decomposer: breaks down dead
producers & consumers (bacteria & fungi)
Assignment for Today Turn over Guided notes
Follow instructions: Fill in Blank Cells Answer 1-5 at bottom
Finish article The World’s Largest Dump: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch
WRITE QUESTIONS & Answers to the following on a sheet of paper that has your NAME, DATE, PERIOD, & TITLE:1. What is the North Pacific Gyre?2. What kinds of trash are in it?3. How big is the Giant Pacific Garbage Patch?4. What damage does plastic causes?5. Beyond plastics, how else is the trash hurting animals?6. Where does most of this trash come from?
Required: Draw
in Notes!
Reminders
Unit 5 Vocab Quiz is Friday, Nov. 9th
Focuses on energy flow & food webs Biome Project is due Wed., Nov. 28th
Today’s Schedule: Bellringer: TRUE/ FALSE. Plants have
mitochondria. Cont. Ecology Notes: Food Webs Food Web worksheet
Tuesday, Nov. 6th
You need to remain silent & pay attention during notes You SHOULD NOT be talking to your neighbors or
having “silent” conversions across the room Raise your hand if you have a question or comment If I see or hear your talking:
1. Verbal warning2. Silent lunch3. Classroom detention4. Leave room & write-up
Reminder: No talking during Notes (Lecture)
Depending on prior disciplinary actions
Consumers can also be categorized by trophic level
In a food chain/ web, each step is called a trophic level
Producers = 1st trophic level
Herbivores = primary consumers – 2nd trophic level
Carnivores & Omnivores = secondary consumers – 3rd trophic level
And so forth…
Required: Draw/write this food web in your notes.
Secondary consumer / carnivore
Primary consumers/ herbivores
Producers
Tertiary consumer
Fungi & bacteria
Trophic Level Energy Loss
Energy flows through our environment (sun organisms space)
Energy is lost as it flows (2nd Law of Thermodynamics)
At each trophic level: 90% of energy from food is used for life
functions (such as movement, reproduction, homeostasis)
Some energy is lost as heat Remaining 10% energy becomes part of
organisms body & available to next trophic level
Energy Pyramids Each layer of pyramid
represents a trophic level
Only 10% of energy makes it to next level
B/c so much energy is lost at each level, there are fewer organisms as go up
Loss of energy limits the # of tropic levels in ecosystems Usually have <5Example: a single lion needs ~250 km2 of land to
hunt
Assignments for Today
1.SILENTLY work on Food Web worksheet (homework grade) – DUE AT END OF CLASS or TOMORROW @ BEGINNING OF CLASS!
2.SILENTLY Study for Vocab Quiz3. Work on missing work, if applicable4. Work on other class’s work
Reminders TURN IN FOOD WEB WS HW Unit 5 Vocab Quiz is Friday, Nov. 9th
Focuses on energy flow & food webs Biome Project is due Wed., Nov. 28th
Today’s Schedule: Bellringer: ______% of energy is generally
available to the next trophic level. Letter home re: late policy Energy Pyramid Math Problems Energy Pyramid in the Biomes Activity
Wednesday, Nov. 7th
1. If the producers in an ecosystem capture 1000
units of energy, how many units are available to the primary consumers? Answer: 100 units 1000 x 10% (0.1) = 100 units to next level
2. If the producers in an ecosystem capture 5000 units of energy, how many units are available to the tertiary consumers? Answer: 5 units 5000 for producers 500 for primary consumers
50 for secondary consumers 5 for tertiary consumers
Energy Pyramid Math Problems – write these in
your notes!
Energy Pyramids in the Biomes Activity
By Yourself or In Partners – Pick a biome: Estuary in Florida Coral reef in Caribbean Sonoran Desert in Arizona Kodiak wildlife refuge in
Alaska (tundra) Ft. Pierre national
grassland in South Dakota Kenyan Savanna
Brainstorm appropriate organisms for your biome
Will need: producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, & tertiary consumer.
Create a food chain Get copy of pyramid
Energy Pyramids in the Biomes Activity cont.
1st pyramid side : label each level with the following terms as you move up the pyramid: producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer
2nd pyramid side: label each level with the following terms as you move up the pyramid: plants, herbivores, carnivores/omnivores, top carnivores
3rd pyramid side: label each level of the with the following as your move up the pyramid: 1000, 100, 10, 1
4th pyramid side: Write & Draw your biome’s food chain
Cut out & fold your pyramid on the lines radiating from the center and tape it together! Put Names & FINISHED
Reminders TURN IN SIGNED LETTER HOME Turn in Late work if applicable – Food Web ws
Progress Report Grades get posted this afternoon
Unit 5 Vocab Quiz is TOMORROW!
Today’s Schedule: Bellringer: The products of
photosynthesis are: Food Webs of the Ogeechee River “Lab”
Activity
Thursday, Nov. 8th
Food Webs of the Ogeechee River
“Lab” Activity You will work with a partner already sitting at your table! (unless otherwise directed)
Steps:1.Obtain Instruction Handout & read it2.Fill in table on the “Organisms Found within the
Ogeechee River” Handout3.Obtain pictures of organisms4.Cut & paste pictures of organisms to create a food
chain (following instructions) (on blue computer paper)
5.Answer the 10 Assessment Questions found on the Instruction Handout (on a separate sheet of paper)
6.Make sure both names are on everything, staple it all together & hand it in – LAB GRADE
Reminders TURN IN SIGNED LETTER HOME
Today’s Schedule: Bellringer: The products of cellular respiration are: Unit 5 Vocab Quiz Finish Food Webs of the Ogeechee River “Lab”
Activity & TURN IN!1. Food Source & Symbol Table2. Food Web on Blue sheet of paper3. Answer to 10 questions on separate sheet of paper
Food Web in the Desert worksheet (classwork grade)
Friday, Nov. 9th
Staple & TURN IN
Reminders TURN IN SIGNED LETTER HOME Work from last week:
Food Webs of Ogeechee River Lab Desert Food Web worksheet Ecology Vocab Quiz
Today’s Schedule: Bellringer: No Bellringer Species Interactions Notes Symbiosis worksheet
Tuesday, Nov. 13th
How Species Interact
Essential Question: How are the entities of life on Earth interconnected?
What is being depicted in this cartoon?
Roles in one’s environment
Niche = the unique role of a species within an ecosystem
Includes: What it eats & what eats it Environmental alterations Interactions with other species
Species interactions can include:
Predator/prey Competition =
relationship in which different individuals or populations attempt to use the same limited resource What resources
might be competed over?
Symbiosis = relationship in which 2 species live in close association
3 Types of Symbiosis:
1. Mutualism = relationship where both organisms benefit (+,+)
2. Commensalism = relationship where one organism benefits & the other doesn’t benefit but doesn’t get hurt either (+,0)
3 Types of Symbiosis:
3. Parasitism = relationship where one organism benefits and the other gets hurt (+,-)
3 Types of Symbiosis:
Which interaction is this?
Which interaction is this?
Which interaction is this?
Symbiosis worksheet If applicable, finish & turn in
Desert Food Web worksheet from Friday
BOTH DUE AT END OF CLASS TODAY!
Assignments for Today
Reminders No hats or ear buds! Turn in Signed Progress Report & Late Policy
Letter Today’s Schedule
Bellringer: The relationship between flowers & pollinators is called ___________.
Important Roles Notes Correct Interdependent Organisms ws Planet in Peril video
Thursday, Nov. 15th
Other Important Roles that Organisms Play:
Keystone species: have a large effect on other species & biodiversity Top predators Examples:
Alligator Sea otter Gray wolf
keystone
Other Important Roles that Organisms Play:
Indicator species: provide early warning of damage to a community Examples:
Frogs – warn of water pollution
Birds & Butterflies – warn of air pollution
Aquatic insects – warn of water pollution
Foundation species: Create or enhance their habitats, which benefit others
Ex: Alligators, beavers, elephants
Other Important Roles that Organisms Play:
Foundation Species
creation ofwetland ecosystem
increased waterfowl population
increased fishpopulation
nesting sites for birds
Foundation species
Assignment
Get back Interdependent Organisms worksheet We are checking our answers Keep this in your notebook!
Reminders No hats or ear buds! Turn in Signed Progress Report & Late
Policy Letter Today’s Schedule:
Bellringer: Frogs, butterflies & birds are examples of _____________ species.
Relationships Among Organisms Mix & Match Activity
Thursday, Nov. 15th
Instructions:1. Obtain 3 sheets:
1. Mix & Match Directions sheet2. Mix & Match Answer sheet & Crossword Puzzle3. Mix & Match Symbiosis Direction sheet
2. Cut out squares using scissors provided3. Identify relationships and glue into appropriate column on
given table; add appropriate +, -, or 04. Complete Crossword Puzzle5. Complete Mix & Match Symbiosis Assignment: at least 3
fictional stories – can write on the back of the sheet
DUE @ END OF PERIOD TO IN BOX – whatever you have done!
Relationships Among Organisms Mix & Match
Activity
Reminders No hats or ear buds! Turn in Signed Progress Report & Late Policy Letter Biome Project is due WED., Nov. 28th (test
grade)
Today’s Schedule: Bellringer: ________ is when individuals or
species try to use the same limited resources
Cycles of Matter Notes: Carbon Cycle Carbon Cycle worksheet Planet in Peril video
Friday, Nov. 16th
In terms of matter, Earth is a
closed system Nothing enters or leaves, just recycled
This is the Law of Conservation of Matter!
Important cycles: carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, water
Cycles of Matter (Biogeochemical Cycles)
Carbon Cycle = process by which carbon is cycled between the atmosphere, land, water, & organisms (during photosynthesis & cellular respiration) Steps:
Write steps or Copy picture into notebook!
How Humans Affect the Carbon Cycle
Burn fossil fuels releases CO2 into atmosphere
Increased CO2 in atmosphere may contribute to global temperature changes
How You Can Reduce Your Carbon Impact:
Use gas-efficient cars
Carpool/ use public transportation
Walk or ride bike when possible
Eat locally-grown food
Use less plastics & disposable products
Complete The Carbon Cycle:
Where Do We Fit in Worksheet Need calculators – return once done
with the worksheet In 3d. Ignore the blank in front of 48
pounds TURN IN to IN BOX when DONE!
Assignment for Today
Reminders Turn in Signed Progress Report & Late Policy Letter Wed. – Going to Comp. Lab - Biome
Project is due @ end of period (test grade)
Today’s Schedule: Bellringer: We add excess CO2 to the
atmosphere by burning __________ ________.
Carbon Cycle review Cycles of Matter Notes: Oxygen Cycle Cycles Worksheet: C and O
Monday, Nov. 26th
No hats inside the building No electronics or ear buds unless I give explicit
permission You need to remain silent & pay attention during
notes You SHOULD NOT be talking to your neighbors or
having “silent” conversations across the room Late Work:
Lose 5 points per day (including weekends) Will not be accepted after that unit’s exam
Reminders about Rules & Policies
Carbon Cycle = process by which carbon is cycled between the atmosphere, land, water, & organisms (during photosynthesis & cellular respiration) Steps:
Write steps or Copy picture into notebook!
All organisms need Oxygen1. Plants release O2 during photosynthesis:CO2 + H2O + sun C6H12O6 + O2
2. Organisms use O2 during cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + energy
3. O2 is stored:Dissolved in the oceansOxygen in the atmosphere:
21% O2 in lower atmosphere Ozone (O3) in upper atmosphere protects us from UV rays
Oxygen Cycle = process by which oxygen is cycled between the atmosphere, ocean, & organisms
Assignment for Today Complete Nutrient Cycles Worksheet:
Carbon Cycle Oxygen cycle
FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS – write sentences!
DUE at END of CLASS! To In Box Meanwhile I will hand back graded
assignments & inform of missing work
Reminders TOMORROW – Going to Comp. Lab - Biome
Project is due @ end of period (test grade)
Exam 5: Ecology is on Thursday, Dec. 6th Today’s Schedule:
Bellringer: A tapeworm living inside the stomach of a dog is an example of __________.
Cycles of Matter Notes: Nitrogen & Water Cycles Worksheet:
Finish Carbon & Oxygen if applicable Nitrogen and H2O
Tuesday, Nov. 27th
All organisms need N for proteins & nucleic acids (DNA)
1. N2 gas must be changed by nitrogen-fixing bacteria: They convert N2 into nitrates (NO3)
2. Plants get NO3 from soil animals eat plants
3. Plants & animal waste puts N back into soil in form of ammonia (NH4)
4. Other bacteria convert ammonia into nitrites (NO2) & nitrates
Nitrogen Cycle = process by which nitrogen (N) is cycled between atmosphere, bacteria, & other organisms
Nitrogen Cycle
How Humans Affect the Nitrogen Cycle
Have doubled amount of N on land due to use of fertilizers & burning fossil fuels
Problems of too much N: Rivers & lakes
becoming acidic Global warming
Most H2O is stored in oceans
Ocean H2O is turned to vapor (gas) by evaporation & winds push vapor around globe
H2O vapor turns to liquid in atmosphere = condensation
Liquid falls as precipitation (rain, snow, etc.) Living organisms use H2O, then return it to
environment through: Breathing & sweating Waste Transpiration from leaves (plants) (leaves sweating)
Water Cycle = path of H2O through environment; aka hydrological cycle
Water Cycle
Remove H2O faster than nature can
replace it Drain wetlands increases flooding Pollution
How Humans affect the Water Cycle:
Assignment for Today Continue Nutrient Cycles Worksheet:
Finish Carbon & Oxygen from yesterday if applicable Nitrogen Cycle Water cycle
FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS – write sentences! DUE at END of CLASS no matter how much
done! (Staple all sheets together) The ENTIRE WORKSHEET COLLECTION will
be due Friday for a grade! Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Water, Phosphorus
Reminders Exam 5: Ecology is on Thursday, Dec. 6th
Rule Reminder: Stay in your seat until the bell rings (in this room or comp lab)
Today’s Schedule: No Bellringer
Going to Comp. Lab - Biome Project is due TODAY @ end of period (test grade)
If done with biome project, work on Long-Term Portfolio Project
Wednesday, Nov. 28th
Reminders Exam 5: Ecology is on Thursday, Dec. 6th (and
bellringer check!)
Today’s Schedule: Bellringer: _____ serve the important
function of fixing nitrogen so that plants & animals can get it!
Cycles of Matter Notes: Phosphorus & Sulfur Cycles Worksheet:
Phosphorus Finish Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Water if
applicable
Thursday, Nov. 29th
P is important in DNA and ATPSteps: 1.Rocks erode, putting phosphate into soil and water2. P is taken up by plants & converted to organic molecules3. Animals eat plants 4. Decomposing plants & animals & waste return P to environmentHow humans affect P cycle:
Excess phosphate from fertilizers can cause too much algal growth in water kills fish & other organisms
Phosphorus Cycle = movement of phosphorus (P) between environment & organisms
Phosphorus Cycle
Excess P due to fertilizers!
Sulfur Cycle: process by which sulfur (S) is cycled between atmosphere, land & organisms
1.Weathering (breaking down) of rocks/minerals releases stored S
2.S comes into contact with air & is converted into sulfate (SO4)
3.SO4 in soil is taken up by plants
4.Animals eat plants5.Plants & animals die – S put back into soil6.Swamps & volcanoes put S directly into atmosphere as
hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S – smells like rotten eggs) How Humans affect S Cycle:
Pollution from cars/ factories creates Sulfuric acid acid rain
Sulfur Cycle
Assignment for Today CONTINUE or FINISH Nutrient Cycles
Worksheet Packet:1. Carbon2. Oxygen3. Nitrogen4. Water5. Phosphorus
FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS – write sentences!
The ENTIRE WORKSHEET COLLECTION is due for a grade!
Staple all sheets together
Reminders Exam 5: Ecology is on Thursday, Dec. 6th
Today’s Schedule: Bellringer: _____ is the process of liquid
water turning to gas Finish Cycles Worksheet Trophic Levels & Cycles Review
Worksheet (homework) Start Finding Nemo
Friday, Nov. 30th
Assignments for Today1. FINISH Nutrient Cycles Worksheet Packet:
Carbon OxygenNitrogen
Water Phosphorus Extra credit: Sulfur
FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS – write sentences!
The ENTIRE WORKSHEET COLLECTION is due TODAY for a 2x classwork grade! Staple all sheets together.
2. Trophic Levels & Cycles Review Worksheet (homework grade) – due Monday
There are many
cycles in life
Reminders Exam 5: Ecology is on Thursday, Dec. 6th
Today’s Schedule: Bellringer: Secondary consumers are
also called _____________. Recent/ Late Work What Eats What? LAB Activity!
Monday, Dec. 3rd
1. Turn In Today If Applicable:a. Cycles Worksheet Collection (2x classwork
grade) from last week2. NOT Taking Up
a. Trophic Levels & Cycles worksheet (“homework from Friday”) – keep in your notebook to study with
3. Late Work:a. Biome Project – now 5 days lateb. Food Webs of the Ogeechee River Lab Activity – now 12
days latec. Other ecology assignments…
4. Reminder: ALL ECOLOGY LATE WORK MUST BE TURNED IN BY EXAM DAY – THURSDAY!
Recent/ Late Work
1. Will Get a Card Representing an Organism2. As a class, we will use string to create a food
web around the room3. 1 volunteer will record the food web on the
board4. All students must complete the LAB sheet,
with FOOD WEB DRAWN ON BACK5. Sheet is DUE TODAY to In Box – LAB
GRADE (answer seriously!)6. Work on any missing work if applicable
What Eats What? LAB Activity
Reminders Exam 5: Ecology is on Thursday, Dec. 6th Also on Thursday:
Bellringer Check 4 All missing work due:
Cycles worksheets (2x classwork grade) Biome Project Labs, worksheets, etc.
Today’s Schedule: NO BELLRINGER Hand Out Exam 5 Study Guide Ms. Gail’s Water Cycle Activity
Tuesday, Dec. 4th
Reminders Exam 5: Ecology is TOMORROW! Also Tomorrow:
Bellringer Check 4 All missing work due:
Cycles worksheets (2x classwork grade) Biome Project Labs, worksheets, etc.
Today’s Schedule: NO BELLRINGER Complete Exam 5 Study Guide
Wednesday, Dec. 5th