Unit 3 Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers. Aims and Requirements 1. Mastering New words and terminology; 2. Comprehending the text and related background.

Unit 3Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers

Aims and Requirements 1. Mastering New words and terminology;2. Comprehending the text and related background kno

wledge accurately;3. Mastering typical expressions in the text. Important and Difficult Teaching Points 1. Explanation of the specialized words and terminolog

y; 2. Analyzing the structure of the complex sentence; 3. Comprehending and translating the text.

一、 New Words and Expressionsgallon n. 加仑 the wine gallon 美国加仑 =3.785 升 the imperial gallon 英国加仑 =4.546 升distillation 蒸馏（过程） , 精馏 atmospheric vacuum distillation 常减压蒸馏 azeotropic distillation 共沸蒸馏 distillation column [tower] 蒸馏塔 distillation plant 蒸馏设备

curriculum n. 课程 , 一组相关的专业课程 ; 路线 , 途径

curriculum schedule 课程表 curriculum vitae ( 简短的 ) 履历flow sheet----flow chart 流程图 , 作业图 , 生产过

程图解schematically ad. 用示意图 , 用图解法 , 示意地 Scheme 示意图 Figure 数据图

bid (for) 出价 ; 申请 make a bid for 在拍卖中出价钱 , 投标startup ←→down time

二、 Text Explanation

Question: Identify the differences between the work of chemists and that of chemical engineers.

Words: tube

pipe

duct

Unit 3Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers

Sentence:1. Samples are taken at appropriate intervals to f

ollow the consumption of the reactants and the production of products as time progresses.

Take sample 取样 follow the consumption of the reactants and the

production of products

跟踪原料消耗和产品生成

2. The chemical engineer is often involved in “scaling up” a chemist-developed small-scale reactor and separation system to a very large commercial plant.

Scale up…..to 放大到……… . commercial plant 工业装置

3. The chemical engineer must work closely with the chemist [in order to understand thoroughly the chemistry involved in the process and to make sure that the chemist gets the reaction kinetic data and the physical property data (needed to design, operate, and optimize the process)].

In order to…….and to…….. 目的状语 注意分析句子结构

4. One of the most impressive features of a typical chemical plant is the tremendous number of pipes running all over the site, literally hundreds of miles in many plants.

系表结构的简单句

5. The terminology (used to label these functions) is by no means uniform from company to company, but a rose by any other name is still a rose.

Terminology 术语 Label 用以描述 by no means 决不

1. Development

Question: Define the function s of the “pilot-plant”.

Words:1. ratio, numerical relation of any part to another

part. proportion, numerical relation of a part to the

whole.

2. the uninitiated, [ 总称 ] 缺乏某种特定知识和经验的人，不熟悉某种特定情况的人。

1. Development

Sentences:

1.Some of the subtle problems involved which are

not obvious to the uninitiated include mixing

imperfectly, increasing radial temperature gradients,

and decreasing ratios of heat transfer areas to heat

generation rates.

2. The chemical engineer works with the chemist and a team of other engineers [to design, construct, and operate the pilot plant]. Usually pilot plants are designed to be quite flexible, so that a wide variety of conditions and configurations can be evaluated.

so that……

2.Design

1. When you find yourself in that position, you will be glad that you studied as hard as you did （ we hope ） so that you can bring the best possible tools and minds to bear on the problems.

Bring……..to bear on…… 将…… . 用于…… .

3. Construction

Question: Describe the process of construction.

Words: rated 额定的，规定的

Sentences: passage 2, 被动态的翻译

1. The startup period can require a few days or a few months,[ depending on the newness of the technology, the complexity of the process, and the quality of the engineering that has gone into the design].

depending on 引导三个平行的介词宾语

4.Construction

1. They run capacity and performance tests on the plant to determine where the bottlenecks are in the equipment, and then design modifications and additions to remove these bottlenecks.

run capacity and performance tests 进行生产能力和装置性能的测试

2. These supervisors are responsible for all aspects of the day-to-day operation of the plant, [including supervising the plant operators who run the plant round the clock on a three-shift basis, meeting quality specifications, delivering products at agreed-upon times and in agreed-upon quantities, developing and maintaining inventories of equipment spare parts, keeping the plant well maintained, making sure safe practices are followed, avoiding excessive emissions into the local environment, and serving as spokespersons for the plant to the local community].

注意分析句子结构 , 从而正确理解 动名词短语并列结构

三、 Exercises

P30

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

化学化工构词（ 2)

in- 表示 (1) 向……内，进入，向……，

（ 2) 不，非，负

inclusion 包含 inactive 不活泼的

indicator 指示剂 incomplete 不完全的

induce 诱导，感应 inorganic 无机的

inlet 入口 infusible 难熔的

internal 内（部）的 incompressible 不可压缩的

化学化工构词（ 2)

in- 用于 b, m, p 前变为 im-

immature 未成熟的 impurity 杂质

immersion 沉浸 impart 传递

in- 用于 l 前变为 il-

illimitable 无限的 illogic 不合逻辑的

in- 用于 r 前变为 ir-

irrational 不合理的 irreversible 不可逆的

课堂练习

Research can be either basic or applied, a distinction

that was established in the first half of the 20th century. Basic

research is defined as the work of scientists and others who

pursue their investigations without conscious goals, other th

an the desire to the secrets of nature. Applied research carrie

s the findings of basic research to a point where they can be

exploited to meet a specific need, while the development stag

e of research and development includes the step necessary t

o bring a new or modified product or process into production.

Key to Ex. 1

1.mechanical 8.pumps

2.electrical 9.control and instrumentation

3.civil 10.mathematics

4.scale-up or develop 11.industry

5.commercial-size 12.academia

6.reactor 13.steam

7.distillation columns 14.cooling water

Key to Ex. 2

15.an economical 16.to improve

17.PID

18.equipment specification sheets

19.Construction 20.capacity and performance

21.bottlenecks 22.Technical sales

23.new or improved 24.engineering methods

25.configurations