UNIT 3 THE CONSCIOUS SELF

AREA OF STUDY 2

MEMORY

UNIT 3THE CONSCIOUS SELF

MODELS OF HUMAN MEMORY

LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)

THE MEMORY SYSTEM THAT STORES VAST AMOUNTS OF INFORMATION FOR A VERY

LONG TIME, POSSIBLY PERMANENTLY

LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)

ORGANISATION OF LONG-TERM MEMORY

PROCEDURAL MEMORY(Actions and skills – ‘knowing how’ – implicit memory)

DECLARATIVE MEMORY(Facts and events – ‘knowing that’ – explicit memory)

SEMANTIC MEMORYFACTS

EPISODIC MEMORYEVENTS

LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)

ORGANISATION OF LONG-TERM MEMORY

PROCEDURAL MEMORY

(Actions and skills – ‘knowing how’ – implicit memory)

•Demonstrated through behaviour or performance (skill or habit)

•Typically require little or no intentional or conscious attempt to retrieve

•Often difficult to put into words

LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)

ORGANISATION OF LONG-TERM MEMORY

DECLARATIVE MEMORY

(Facts and events – ‘knowing that’ – explicit memory)

EPISODIC MEMORY SEMANTIC MEMORY

The declarative memory of personally experienced events

The declarative memory of facts or knowledge about the world

• Include details of place, time and the psychological and physiological state of the person when the event occurred

• A mental personal diary• ‘Autobiographical memory’

• Facts learned in school• Everyday facts and general knowledge• The meaning of words• Rules• Areas of expertise

LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)

EXPLICIT & IMPLICIT MEMORY

EXPLICIT MEMORY – declarative memory

When information can be consciously or intentionally retrieved and stated(declarative memory = you can ‘declare’ the information)

IMPLICIT MEMORY – non declarative memory

When remembering something does not involve conscious or intentional retrieval but memory is expressed through actions or behaviour(procedural memory – memory without awareness)

HOMEWORK

LEARNING ACTIVITY 6.19 (pg.273)LEARNING ACTIVITY 6.20 (pg.273)

LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)

ORGANISATION OF INFORMATION IN LONG-TERM MEMORY

THE MONTHS OF THE YEAR ACTIVITY

LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)

ORGANISATION OF INFORMATION IN LONG-TERM MEMORY

SEMANTIC NETWORK THEORY

Proposes that information in LTM is organised systematically (hierarchically structured) in the form of overlapping networks

of concepts that are interconnected and interrelated by meaningful links

NODE LINK NODE

LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)

ORGANISATION OF INFORMATION IN LONG-TERM MEMORY

SEMANTIC NETWORK THEORY

When we retrieve information, cues activate the nodes

The activation of one node causes other nodes to be activated also

The overlap of the network aidsin fast and efficient retrieval

Minimises duplication of nodes

LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)

ORGANISATION OF INFORMATION IN LONG-TERM MEMORY

SPREADING ACTIVATION THEORY

A revision of the Semantic Network Theory by Alan Collins & Elizabeth Loftus (1975)

Proposes that activating one node during retrieval from a semantic network increases the likelihood that associated

nodes become activated

•The shorter the link between nodes, the stronger the association between them, and the less time it takes to activate (retrieve) related concepts

LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)

ORGANISATION OF INFORMATION IN LONG-TERM MEMORY

SPREADING ACTIVATION THEORY

LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)

ORGANISATION OF INFORMATION IN LONG-TERM MEMORY

Question 43 (2013 VCE EXAM)

As a child, Enid learned how to knit, but she has not knitted for 50 years. When a charity organisation asks her to knit some socks, she finds that she still knows how to knit and is able to knit the socks.This is due to her A.echoic memory. B.episodic memory. C.short-term memory. D.procedural memory.

Question 7 (2012 VCE EXAM) – 3 marksUse an example to explain semantic network theory.

HOMEWORK

LEARNING ACTIVITY 6.22 (pg.276)LEARNING ACTIVITY 6.24 (pg.277)