Unit 3 Knowing Yourself. Teaching Steps Step I Pre-reading Activities Step II Skimming and Scanning Step III Reading in Depth Step IV Question-answering.

Unit 3

Knowing Yourself

Teaching Steps

Step I Pre-reading Activities

Step II Skimming and Scanning

Step III Reading in Depth

Step IV Question-answering and Discussion

Lean-in I Brainstorming

Take the challenge!

See how many words related to“personality traits” you can write down.

1. 积极的 2. 有雄心的 3. 愉悦的 4. 心胸宽广的 5. 体贴的 6. 热忱的 7. 幽默的 8. 有责任心的 9. 爱社交的 10. 乐观的 11. 外向的 12. 有恒心的 13. 忠诚的 14. 有条理的 15. 自律的 16. 随和的 17. 可靠的 18. 谨慎的 19. 自立的 20. 勤勉的 21. 冷静的 22. 宽大的 23. 守时的 24. 有能力的 25. 会取悦于人的 26. 顺从的 27. 悲观的 28. 保守的 29. 坦率的 30. 喜怒无常的 31. 苛求的 32. 专横的 33. 优柔寡断的 34. 占有欲强的 35. 感觉迟钝的 36.争强好胜的 37. 内向的 38. 害羞的 39. 娇惯的40. 固执的 41. 自我的 42. 暴躁的 43. 消极的 44. 贪婪的 45. 易冲动的 46. 戒心重的 47. 傲慢的 48. 吹毛求疵的 49. 急躁的 50. 缺乏条理的

lead-in II Knowing Yourself

Form groups of threes or fours (Roommates and close friends are better). Make use of the following Johari Window Model and find out about yourself through self-reflection and through feedback from your group members.

Directions:

Johari Window Model

open/free

hidden

Listening Comprehension

obsession (固定的想法 , 成见 ) indecisivedistinctive (独特的 ) pickycorresponding (相应的 ) demandingcatch on conservativemental instabilitysuperficial (浅薄的 )moodystraightforwardstubbornimpulsive

Listening Comprehension

Directions: Listen to the passage followed by three questions. Then choose the best answer to each question.

1. A. 50 B. 100 C. 10 D. 70

2. A. AB B. O C. A D. B

3. A. bullheaded B. loyal

C. impulsive D. impatient

East Asia’s obsession with blood types comes from the work of Furukawa Takeji, a Japanese doctor who nearly a century ago was sure that one’s personality was caused by his/her blood type. According to his theory, each blood type had a distinctive, corresponding personality type:

Type A people are conservative and passive, and are concerned with appearances. Although type A people are superficial and have a touch of mental instability, they are very patient and finish what they start.

Type B people get along well with others because they are straightforward, and are noted for their creativity. But type B people are also moody and become bored and annoyed easily.

Listening Comprehension

Type O people are stubborn and impulsive. Their redeeming quality is that they are loyal to their friends.

Type AB people are indecisive and picky. They tend to be demanding and impatient, and they have trouble seeing things through.

Despite any real evidence to support these ideas, Takeji’s theory quickly caught on. By 1930, standard job application forms included a blank for blood type, and today market researchers use it to predict buying habits, and ordinary people use it to choose friends and romantic partners.

Listening Comprehension

Fast Reading Activity

1. Prediction: If given the title, what points would you cover in this essay?

2. Skimming: Which of the following ideas about personality does the author develop in the essay?

Personality DevelopmentPersonality

Development

A. Best stage to develop personality.

B. How to develop personality?

C. What is personality?

D. What influences personality development?

Global Reading

Personality

Development

Definition

Influences

emotional

social

intellectual

heredity

Environ-ment

<<

Reading Between the Lines

Reading in Depth

1. One can hardly change his/her personality after it is formed.

2. A person’s look and personality make him/ her unique.

3. Because we experience the same basic emotions, we express them in almost the same way.

4. You begin to know something about a person’s emotional traits of personality when you observe how he/she relates to others.

5. We will not know the true personality of a person just by looking at the way he/ she behaves.

Reading Between the Lines

6. As to the question which one affects one’s personality more greatly, heredity or environment, some people clearly know the answer.

7. There is a greater possibility that children who grow up in broken families develop less desirable personalities.

8. Only a small number of people would like to change some of their personality traits.

9. It may be easier for you to change your personality after you graduate from university because at that time you are changing while you are working.

10. Building personality traits is comparable to building any other skills that one wants to learn or cultivate.

A person’s personality is composed of many elements. These elements, in general, fall into three categories — emotional, social, and intellectual.

How people handle their emotions forms part of the picture.How people handle their emotions forms part of the picture.

People are also different in how they relate to others.People are also different in how they relate to others.

The way we think can be considered as part of our personality.The way we think can be considered as part of our personality. • intellectual

• social

• emotional

What is personality?

No one really knows which of the two influences are at work, heredity and environment has the greater effect. Actually, the combination of the two may not be the same for every person.

Two influences at work:

Some aspects of personality are shaped by what goes on around a person.Some aspects of personality are shaped by what goes on around a person.• environment

Like father, like son.Like father, like son. • heredity

It's the set of abilities that helps us get along in life with other people in all kinds of life situations. It's our ability to ______ emotions, to ______ emotions in others, to ______ our strong feelings when we have them. It's our ability to focus our energies on goal _____ and problem _____---to be able to take the _________ of other people that are in our social world. And finally it's our ability to have the basic social skills that we need to _______

everyday relationships.

IQ gets you through school.

IQ is somewhat inborn.

IQ is hardware.

EQ gets you through ____.

EQ can be ________.

EQ is _______.

acquired

life

IQ & EQ

(brain) (mind)software

Inadequate

EQ

Low EQ Average

EQ

Above-Averag

e

HighEQ

Superior

EQ

Exceptionally

high

Some well-known international companies adopt EQ tests when selecting candidates for some key positions.

Employees’ EQ≥ 110

Some findings about EQ:1. EQ Predicts Top Performers Studies of about 500 organizations worldwide indicate that people who score highest on EQ measures rise to the top of corporations.

2. Studies Reveal that EQ is the Key to Excellence in Leadership Analysis of over 500 competency( 能力 ) studies around the world determined that 80% of leadership effectiveness involved emotional intelligence. 3. Studies have shown that a person with high EQ has a higher chance of success compared to a person with high IQ (but low EQ), as a high-EQ person is better able to manage his emotions appropriately and overcome his problems.

1. combination, combine

Association ( 联想 ): definition, define

2. characteristic

Key Words and Phrases

Arrogance is one of his less attractive characteristics.

1) n. a special and easily recognized quality of someone or something

2) adj. typical representing a person’s or thing’s usual character; ( 常与 of 搭配 )

It’s characteristic of him .

Cf: character, characteristic & feature

feature

characteristic

character指成年人已经充分发展的生活方式，而且往往和品格有关。例如：

You can read a guy’s character at the first glance.

Longevity is an inheritable characteristic.

An aquiline (鹰的 ) nose was her best feature.

通常指外貌的特征。例如：

指某物的任何方面，不涉及全局的重要性，常指有代表性的一个侧面。常用于科技领域。例如：

名词 :“ 性格”、“品质”、“特征”。

Key Words and Phrases

3. compose: v.

Cf: compose, comprise, constitute & consist

Parts Wholecomprise

compose

be composed of

constitute

consist of

England, Scotland, and Wales compose the island of Great Britain.

1-1. 英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士组成大不列颠岛。

Cf: compose, comprise, constitute & consist

1-2. Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.

2. Do you know how many states comprise the United States?

3. 七天为一个星期。Seven days constitute a week.

4. 我们的晚餐只有三道菜。Our dinner consists of three courses only.

in the company of 在 ... 陪同下He kept me company. 他陪伴我。I enjoyed his company. / I enjoyed no company.

I'm glad of your company.

I have company this evening.

今晚我有客。A man is known by the company he keeps.

[ 谚 ] 从其交友知其为人。

Key Words and Phrases

4. company: n. companionship, fellowship

5. inherit: vt.

He’s inherited a fortune from his rich uncle.

1) receive something from someone who has died or moved on.

She inherited her mother’s good looks and her father’s bad temper.

2) to receive (a characteristic) from one's parents by genetic transmission.

Key Words

n. inheritance 遗产，遗传

6. resemblance: n. similarity, esp. in appearance; likeness

Key Words

SCIENCE is lending support to the old belief that married couples eventually begin to look alike.

Couples who originally bore no particular resemblance to each other when first married had, after 25 years of marriage, come to resemble each other, although the resemblance may be subtle, according to a new research report.

Moreover, the more marital happiness a couple reported, the greater their increase in facial resemblance.

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. Smoking ________ health.

2. The weather ________ crops.

3.The judge was never __________ in his decision by his sympathies or prejudices.

4. Tom’s being demoted from corporal ( 下士 ) to private ( 士兵 ) seriously _________ his income.

influence & affect

1) have an influence on (sb./sth.); produce an effect onThe change in climate may affect your health.

2) To act on the emotions of; touch or move.

We were deeply affected by the news of his death.

这两个词作为动词都有“影响”之意。

指通过劝说、催促、举例或行动等间接途径对人的思想、品质、行为或对其成长等产生影响，也可表示对一种形势局面的左右。这种影响可以是好的，也可以是坏的，但经常是不易察觉的 , 是潜移默化的。

指通过某事物本身直接显现影响，具有某种促进因素，足以引起人或事物的反应。当其宾语是人时，常表示心智或情感上的波动，以及健康情况的变化。这种影响多为消极的，通常是能够察觉到的。

affect

influence

use strength or skills in a determined way for a particular purpose

My wife’s been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my job.

Collocation:

exert all one’s strength 使出全身力气exert influence on … ……对 施加影响exert pressure on … ……给 压力exert oneself 努力；尽力

You’ll have to exert yourself more if you want to pass your exam.

8. exert: vt.

Useful Expressions

1. 基因构成 genetic make-up

2. 思考，考虑 reflect on

3. 总结，归纳，概括 sum up

4. 塑造个性 shape personality

5. 付出努力 make the effort6. 分成 fall into7. 响应，反应 respond to

8. 请客（吃饭）；举行（聚会）

throw a party

9. 不把……告诉（某人）；防止（某人）听到（某事）

keep (sth.) to oneself

11. 智力特征 intellectual traits

12. 沉思 deep thought13. 以幽默的方式 in entertaining ways

14. 在工作中；在干活 at work

15. 对……有影响 have an impact on

16. 产生影响 exert an effect on

17. 另一方面 on the other hand

18. 对……满意 be satisfied with

19. 跟……一起 along with

10. 处理情感 handle emotions

Useful Expressions

Group Discussion

Topics:According to your knowledge, what are the desirable personality traits one should have in order to survive and succeed in the modern society?

As college students, how do you make use of the prime time to cultivate some desirable traits?

A Self-portrait

A. Can you sum up your personality in one word, or have a general description of it?

B. Form a picture from three sides:

Emotional: How do you handle your emotions? Take one or two emotions as examples.

Social: How do you evaluate your interpersonal relationships so far?

Intellectual: Are you a person who can properly motivate yourself and others? What is your typical way of looking at things?

(Writing Practice)

A Self-portrait

C. Putting aside your educational background, what kind of jobs do you think are suitable to you considering your personality? If you want to change such prospect, what personality adjustments are you going to make? And how are you going to make use of your college years to reach your goal?

Please remember: Yesterday is history.

Tomorrow is a mystery. Today is a gift.

Hold your present!

A Butterfly’s LessonA Butterfly’s LessonOne day, a small opening appeared on a cocoon (茧 ); a man sat and watched for the butterfly for several hours as it struggled to force its body through that little hole.

Then, it seems to stop making any progress.

It appeared as if it had gotten as far as it could and it could not go any further.

So the man decided to help the butterfly: he took a pair of scissors and opened the cocoon（茧） .

The butterfly then emerged easily.

But it had a withered （干瘪的） body with tiny and shrivelled ( 皱缩 的 ) wings.

The man continued to watch because he expected that, at any moment, the wings would open, enlarge and expand, to be able to support the butterfly’s body, and become firm.

Neither happened!In fact, the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling around with a withered （干瘪的） body and shrivelled(皱缩 的 ) wings. It never was able to fly.

What the man, in his kindness and his goodwill did not understand was that the restricting cocoon and the struggle required for the butterfly to get through the tiny opening, were God’s way of forcing fluid ( 液体 )from the body of the butterfly into its wings, so that it would be ready for flight once it achieved its freedom from the cocoon

Sometimes, struggles are exactly what we need in our life.

If God allowed us to go through our life without any obstacles, it would cripple us. We would not be as strong as we could have been. Never been able to fly.

I asked for Strength...And God gave me d_________ to make me strong.

Iasked for Wisdom...And God gave me P______ to solve.

I asked for prosperity...And God gave me a Brain and Brawn （ muscular strengt

h） to work.

ifficulties

roblems

I asked for Courage…..And God gave me o______ to overcome.

I asked for Love...And God gave me T______ people to help.

bstacles

roubled

Live life without fear, confront all obstacles and evince ( 表明 ) that you can overcome them.

Execução: Leandro Valdir

Traducción: Fidelia García

What is bred in the bone will stick to the flesh.

秉性难移。

品格之于人，犹如芳香之于花。 —— 美国实业家 C. C. 施瓦布

Proverbs and Quotations

Personality is to a man what perfume is to a flower. — C. C. Schwab, USA businessman

Character is what you are in the dark. — D. L. Moody, USA churchman

暗处最能反映一个人真正品格。 —— 美国教士 D. L. 穆迪

As fruit needs not only sunshine but cold nights and chilling showers to ripen it, so character needs not only joy but trial and difficulty to mellow it. — Hugh Black, American writer

水果不仅需要阳光，也需要凉夜和寒冷的雨水才能成熟。同样，人的性情陶冶不仅需要欢乐，也需要考验和困难。 —— 美国作家 H. 布莱克

Debate

Topic:

Do you think that we are born with certain personality traits? Or do you think how we behave is the result of our upbringing and environment?

Nature VS Nurture