Unit 3 group dynamics.

CONCEPT: In a simple way:

‘A group may be defined as the aggregationof small number of persons who work forcommon goals, develop a share attitude, and areaware that they are a part of a group and perceivethemselves as such’.

Collection

Of

Individuals.

Mutually

Dependent

Relationships.

GROUP

DEFINATION: “A collection of two or more interacting

individuals with a stable pattern ofrelationships between them, who sharecommon goals and who perceive themselves asbeing a group”

The social process by which people interactface- to face in small groups is called GROUPDYNAMICS.

CHARACTERSTICS OF GROUP:

INTERACTION AMONG

MEMBERS.

COMMON INTEREST OF

GOALS

2 OR MORE PEOPLE CAN

FORM A GROUP.

COLLECTIVE IDENTITY.

GROUP FORMATION/DEVELOPMENT

FORMING: awareness ,

commitment, acceptance.

STORMING: conflict,

clarification, belonging.

NORMING: cooperation,

development, support.

PERFORMING: productivity,

achievement, pride.

ADJOURNING: separation,

recognizing, satisfaction.

FORMAL GROUPS

“Formal groups are the groups that are created and maintained to fulfill specific needs or tasks which are related to the total organizational mission.”

Formal organization is

deliberately designed to

achieve some particular

objectives.

4 PILLARS OF FORMAL GROUP.

1. Structure

2. Division of labour

3. Scalar & functional process

4. Span of control.

Characteristics:

1) Designed by top management.

2) Structure is based on division of labour.

3) Job performance is given more importance.

4) Coordination.

CONTRUBUTION TO ORGANISATION

Accomplishment of complex

tasks

Coordinate interdepartmental

efforts.

Solving complex problems.

SOCIALIZE and train newcomers.

CONTRUBUTION TO INDIVIDUALS:

1. Satisfy needs for affiliation.

2. Confirm identity and enhance self esteem.

3. Reduce feeling of insecurity and powerlessness.

4. Solving of personal and interpersonal problems.

5. Test and share perception of social reality.

INFORMAL GROUPS

“The informal organization refers to people in an association at work, but these associations are not so specified in the blue of the formal organization.”

It is a natural grouping of people on the basis of similarity in an organization.

CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMAL GROUP.1. It is voluntary.

2. A person can become member at any time.

3. Created on the basis of similarity.

4. Natural outcome at work place.

5. Group norms are used for control and coordination.

CONTRUBUTION TO ORGANISATION1. Solidify common objectives congruent with

organizational culture.

2. Provide enforce guidelines for proper behavior.

3. Provide social satisfaction .

4. Provide a sense of identity which often include degree of status.

5. Enhance members access to information.

6. Help to integrate new employees.

CONTRIBUTION TO INDIVIDUALS

1. Satisfaction of social needs.

2. Satisfaction of needs for security & support

3. Enhanced status for members if the group is perceived by others as prestigious.

4. Enhanced feelings of self esteem if a member is valued by other group members.

5. Feeling more competent by sharing the power of the group t influence and achieve.

1. Proximity

2. Security

3. Esteem

4. Affiliation

5. Power

6. Identity

7. Huddling

GROUP COHESIVENESS: Group cohesiveness is another important factor,

besides group norms, which affects group behaviour.

It means the degree of attachment of members to their group.

If group cohesiveness is high then the interaction between members of group is also high & vice versa.

FEATURES1. Common interest & share group goals.

2. Numbers of members is small.

3. Interaction is frequent.

4. Group loyalty is high.

5. It has a history of past.

6. Members stand united against any external threats.

CONCEPT OF TEAM:

According to Katzenbach & smith:

“ A team is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performing goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.”

CHARACTERISTICS OF TEAM.1. Small number of people.

2. Complementary skills.

3. Common purpose & performance goals.

4. Common approach.

5. Mutual accountability.

IMPORTANCE OF TEAM:

IMPORTANCE

Enhanced

performance.

Employee benefits.

Reduced costs.

Organizational

enhancement.

• Jobcategories.

Many narrowcategories.

One or two broad categories.

•Authority.Supervisor directly controls daily activities.

Team itself controls daily activities.

•Reward system.

Depends on the types of individuals performance and seniority.

Based on team performance and individual breadthof skills.