UNIT 3 ACIDS AND BASES Marissa Levy Boyi Zhang Shana Zucker
Feb 24, 2016
UNIT 3 ACIDS AND BASES
Marissa LevyBoyi Zhang
Shana Zucker
WHAT IS AN ACID? WHAT IS A BASE?
ArrheniusAcid- An acid is a substance that when dissolved increases
H+ concentrationBase- A base is a substance that when dissolved increases
OH- concentration
Bronsted-LowryAcid- An acid is a substance that donates a protonBase- A base is a substance that accepts a proton
LewisAcid- An acid is a substance that is an electron-pair acceptorBase- A base is a substance that is an electron-pair donor
Brönsted - Lowry
Arrhenius
Lewis
CONJUGATE ACIDS AND BASES
What’s an acid and what is a base?NH3 + H20 ⇆ NH4+ + OH- Base Acid Conjugate Acid Conjugate Base
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WEAK AND
STRONG?
Strong1. Disassociate2. Ionize completely
Weak1. Disassociate2. Ionize Partially3. Have Ka or Kb
values
STRONG SOLUTIONS AT EQUILIBRIUMHow do you calculate pH of a strong solution at equilibrium?
1.Write the equilibrium equation2.Whatever concentration you start
with is the concentration you end with
3.Calculate the pH
STRONG SOLUTIONS AT EQUILIBRIUMHow do you calculate pH of a strong solution at equilibrium?
0.25 M of HClO3 in water.
KOH(aq) + H20 (l) K⇆ + (aq) + OH- (aq)
.25 M 0 0-.25 M +.25 M +.25 M
0 .25 M .25 M
pOH= -log(.25)= .602 pH= 14- pOH= 13.40
WEAK SOLUTIONS AT EQUILIBRIUM
How do you calculate pH of a weak solution at equilibrium?
1.Write the equilibrium equation2.Write the ICE equation3.Solve for X4.Calculate the pH
WEAK SOLUTIONS AT EQUILIBRIUM
How do you calculate pH of a solution at equilibrium?’A 0.25 M Phosphoric solution is prepared in water.
Ka = 7.5 x 10-3
1. H3PO4 + H₂O (l) ⇆ H+ + H2PO4- Ka = 7.5 x 10-3
2.
3. 7.5 x 10-3 = x2/ .25 x= .0433
4. pH= -log(.0433)= 1.36
.25 M 0 0-x +x +x
.25 -x x x
TITRATION FORMULA
N1C1V1= N2C2V2
If 15.0 mL of HCN is completely titrated with 25.0 mL of 0.100 M NaOH calculate the concentration of HCN.
1(C1) (15.0)= 1(.100)(25.0)C1= .167 M
WRITING TITRATION EQUATIONSStrong Acid Strong BaseH+ + OH- ⇆ H₂O (l)
WRITING TITRATION EQUATIONS
Weak Acid Strong BaseH3PO4 + OH- ⇆ H₂O (l) + H2PO4
-
Weak Acid Weak BaseHF + N2H4 HN⇆ 2H4
+ + F-
WHAT IS A BUFFER?
Buffer1. A weak-acid base conjugate pair2. They resist changes in pH
CALCULATING PH OF A BUFFER
pH= pKa + log (base)/(acid)pOH= pKb + log (acid)/(base)
Sources http://chemistry.about.com/od/acidsbase
1/ss/titrationcurves_2.htm http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~
edudev/LabTutorials/Buffer/Buffer.html http://www.quickmeme.com/meme/36jbu
2/