Unit 2B: Biology of Mind. Objective 8: Explain the functions of the motor & sensory cortex & association area. Lobes Frontal lobes Frontal lobes motor.
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Unit 2B: Biology of Mind
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Objective 8: Explain the functions of the motor & sensory
cortex & association area. Lobes Frontal lobes Frontal lobes
motor area & speaking planning, judgment / morality Parietal
lobes Parietal lobes sensory input for touch & body position
Occipital lobes Occipital lobes vision Temporal lobes Temporal
lobes hearing
cerebral cortex: information processing center Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe Occipital Lobe Temporal Lobe Motor Cortex Sensory
Cortex Corpus Callosum Thalamus Pons Cerbellum Medulla Brainstem
Brain Stem = cross wiring left hemi controls right body Objective
7: Explain the functions of the old brain & limbic system.
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Brainstem oldest; beginning where the spinal cord swells as it
enters the skull; automatic survival functions Medulla Medulla Base
of brain; heartbeat & breathing Pons Coordinate movements
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The Thalamus (midbrain) Thalamus sensory switchboard All the
senses EXCEPT smell go through here
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The Cerebellum (midbrain) Cerebellum Little brain discriminate
sound & texture judge time movement memory of movement=muscle
memory
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The Limbic System(midbrain) Limbic System hippocampus (#11)
memory amygdala (#8) fear & aggression hypothalamus (#5)
controls eating, and other hormonal drives sex, thirst, etc reward
centers emotions & drives
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Objective 8: Explain the functions of the motor & sensory
cortex & association area. Lobes Frontal lobes Frontal lobes
motor area & speaking planning, judgment / morality Parietal
lobes Parietal lobes sensory input for touch & body position
Occipital lobes Occipital lobes vision Temporal lobes Temporal
lobes hearing
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Move RIGHT hand in circular motion as if polishing the desk.
Now start your RIGHT foot doing the same, synchronizing with the
hand. Now reverse the foot motion but not the hand. Now try moving
LEFT foot opposite the right hand.
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Functions of the Cortex Motor Functions Motor Cortex Penfield
& Foerster mapped motor cortex precise movements occupy
greatest cortical space
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What might happen if we implanted a device to detect motor
activity? Could such a device cause a robotic limb to move for a
paralyzed person? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRt8QCx3BCo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ppILwXwsMng Man & Robotic Arm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sm2d0w87wQE Monkey Controls Robotic
arm w/ brain Neural Prosthetics
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Functions of the Cortex Sensory Functions Sensory cortex The
more sensitive a body region, the larger the sensory cortex devoted
to it
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Association Areas Area of cerebral cortex involved in higher
mental functions, such as speaking, thinking, learning &
remembering Electronically probing these areas WILL NOT trigger any
observable response Found in all four lobes Judgment, planning,
processing new memories
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Phineas Gage Association areas areas of the cerebral cortex
that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions;
rather, they are involved in mental functions such as learning,
remembering, thinking, and speaking. Frontal lobes Phineas Gage
Parietal lobes (math/spatial reasoning) Temporal lobes (facial
recognition) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =c6kRP41ygrI
Homework
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Objective 9: Explain how the brain processes language.
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Objective 10: Explain how a damaged brain reorganize itself?
Brain Damage Plasticity the brains ability to change, especially
during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new
pathways based on experience. Constraint-induced therapy
Neurogenesis The formation of new neurons
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Language
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Aphasia impairment of language, usually caused by left
hemisphere damage either to Brocas area or to Wernickes area.
Brocas area (muscle movement involved in speech) Brocas area
Wernickes area (language comprehension & expression) Wernickes
area Brocas: disrupts speaking Angular Gyrus: Can speak &
understand but cant read teat Wernickes: speak meaningless words
& disrupts understanding
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aplTvEQ6ew
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcjEKjJTmNk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKTdMV6cOZw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KpkH25XVpFU Sarah Scott Brocas
Patient Sarah Scott Brocas Patient Update (4 yrs later) Wake
Surgery - Tumor Wernickes Aphasia
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Point to remember Minds subsytems are localized in particular
brain regions, yet the brain acts as a unified whole Specialization
& Integration
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Our Divided Brain Objective 6: What do split brains reveal
about the functions of our two brain hemispheres?
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Splitting the Brain Vogel and Bogen Corpus-callosum
Corpus-callosum Split brain Split brain Myers and Gazzaniga
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Right-Left Differences in the Intact Brain Right face seems
happier because the RH, which is skilled in emotional processing,
receives information the LVF (left side of each face)
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Left Right language sign language calculations literal
perceptual task inferences insight meaning Whats that in the road
ahead? Whats that in the road, a head? sense of self faces
Right-Left Brain Differences