Unit 2.2 Physical and Chemical Properties

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training

Unit 2.2Physical and Chemical Properties

Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program

Objectives

Match important physical and chemical properties to their effects on the chemical and container

Identify the difference between exposure and contamination

Determine the appropriate DOT class of the product

Unit 2.2 2


Physical/Chemical Properties

PhysicalStatePhase changesVapor pressureSpecific gravityVapor densitySolubility

ChemicalFlammabilityReactivityToxicityRadioactivity

Unit 2.2 3


Common Info Sources

North American Emergency Response Guide Book (NAERG)

NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Unit 2.2 4


Material Safety Data Sheets

Nine basic sections Various designs Some of better quality

Unit 2.2 5


Product Information

Unit 2.2 6


Hazardous Ingredients

Unit 2.2 7


Exposure Limits

Unit 2.2 8

Duration (hrs)

Amount

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

TWA

STEL

Ceiling


Physical Data

Unit 2.2 9


Video Physical Properties

Unit 2.2 10


Vapor Pressure

Unit 2.2 11

Atmospheric Pressure14.7 p.s.i. or 760 mm/Hg

Low Vapor Pressure High Vapor Pressure


Specific Gravity

Unit 2.2 12

Specific Gravitygreater than 1

Water = 1

Water = 1

Specific Gravityless than 1


Physical Properties (cont.)

Vapor densityComparison of the weight of a vapor to that of

air being assigned the value of 1 Solubility/miscibility

The ability of a substance (solute) to blend uniformly with another (solvent)

Solubility applied to a solid in liquidMiscibility applied to a liquid or gas in a liquid

Unit 2.2 13


Spill Types

Physical properties determine spill types

Unit 2.2 14

Air (A) Water (W) Surface (SF) Sub-Surface (SSF)

Gas (G)

Liquid (L)

Solid (S)

G/A

L/W L/SF L/SSF

S/SF

Most Common Types(Transformation must be considered)


Fire and Explosion Hazards

Unit 2 - 15


The Fire Triangle

Unit 2.2 16

HEAT(Energy)

FUEL(Reducing Agent)

OXYGEN(Oxidizer)


Flash Point

“The temperature at which a liquid or volatile solid gives off vapors sufficient to form an ignitable mixture near the surface…” (NFPA)

Remember, volatility is a product of vapor pressure

Unit 2.2 17


Flammable Range

Unit 2.2 18

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

RangeLean Rich

L.E.L. U.E.L.


Examples of Flammable Range

Unit 2.2 19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Acetylene 2.5 - 100 %0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Propane 2.2 - 9.5 %


Other Flammable Hazards

Ignition temperature Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor

Explosions (BLEVE) Boil-over

Heavy fuelsWater in the bottom of the storage tankThermocline development during fire

Unit 2.2 20


Other Flammable Hazards

Pyrophoric Hydrophoric Flammable solids

Unit 2.2 21


Health Hazards

Unit 2.2 22


Health Hazards

Routes of exposure Local vs. systemic effects Dose response relationship Influences of toxicity

Unit 2.2 23


Reactivity Hazards

Unit 2.2 24


pH and Corrosives

Unit 2.2 25

ACIDBASE

(ALKALINE)

0 7 142 12.5


Reactions

Rate of reactionsQuantity, concentration, temperature and

pressure Explosives

Fuel, oxidizer, energy, pressure Incompatibilities

Unit 2.2 26


EPA Table of Incompatibilities

Unit 2 - 27

A B

1

2

3

4

5

Acids Bases (Alkaline)

Metals Corrosives

Group 1/Hydrophoric

Reducers Oxidizers

Cyanides/SulfidesAcids

Alcohol/Water


Video Chemical Reactions

Unit 2.2 28


Spill, Leak and Fire Control

Unit 2.2 29


Personal Protective Equipment

Unit 2.2 30


Special Information

Special handling Special packaging Disposal procedures Environmental information

Unit 2.2 31


Radioactive Hazards

Ionizing radiation Common sources

Natural IndustrialMedicalAgriculturalSpecial nuclear materials

Unit 2.2 32


Types of Ionizing Radiation

Alpha particle Beta particle Gamma emission X-ray Neutron particles

Unit 2.2 33


Radiological Exposure

Standard unit of measure REM (Radiation Equivalence in Man)Sv (Seivert) internationally

1 Sv = 100 REM

1 REM = 1,000 mREM (milli REM)1 mREM = 1,000 REM (micro REM)

Unit 2.2 34


Exposure Limits

Dose vs. dose rate Total dose = dose rate x duration Action levels

Normal background = 8 to 16 R/hr All actions = 5 REM (5,000 mREM) Valuable/critical property = 10 REM (10,000 mREM) Life saving = 25 REM (25,000 mREM) Any greater exposure must be voluntary TD(low) 100 REM, LD(50) 500 REM

Unit 2.2 35


DOT Hazard Classes and Divisions


Hazard Classes and Divisions

1 Explosives1.1 - Mass detonation

1.2 - Projectile

1.3 - Fire hazard

1.4 - No blast hazard

1.5 - Blasting agent

1.6 - Very insensitive

2 Gases2.1 - Flammable

2.2 - Non-flammable

2.3 - Poisonous

3 Flammable liquid3.1 - Flash point over 140 °F

3.2 - Flash point less than 140 °F

4 Flammable solids4.1 - Flammable solid

4.2 - Spontaneous/pyrophoric

4.3 - Dangerous when wet

5 Oxidizers5.1 - Oxidizers

5.2 - Organic peroxides

Unit 2.2 37


Hazard Classes and Divisions

6 Poisons6.1 - Poisons

6.2 - Infectious substances

7 Radioactive

8 Corrosives

9 Miscellaneous

Unit 2.2 38


Summary

Physical properties Chemical properties Common references

NAERGNIOSH Pocket GuideMSDS

Unit 2.2 39


Activity 2.2Assessing Physical and Chemical Properties

Unit 2.2 Physical and Chemical Properties

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