UNIT 2 WEEK 4, OCT. 7-11
Dec 25, 2015
UNIT 2 WEEK 4, OCT. 7-11
Homework for the Week• Monday:
• Cornell Notes on p.226-227
• Tuesday:• Papers due on Block Day with Works Cited Page• Digital copy due to turnitin.com
• Block Day:• Study Vocab
• Friday:• Lunch test review today• Put together your checklist• Study for the test
• *Reminder: Unit 2 test on Monday October 14th
Agenda, 10/7/2013• HOT ROC• Progressives – background• Problem solving activity• Matching activity – if time
• HW: Cornell Notes on p.226-227• Reminder:
• Papers due on Block Day with Works Cited Page• Digital copy due to turnitin.com
THE PROGRESSIVES
11.2.9 Understand the effect of political programs and activities of the Progressives (e.g., federal regulation of railroad transport, Children's Bureau, the Sixteenth Amendment, Theodore Roosevelt, Hiram Johnson).
HOT ROC: Review of Social Tensions
• Discuss with your partner, from p.216-217
1. What were three changes that women went through at the turn of the century? Were these changes positive, negative, or both?
2. What was the temperance movement? Why did it begin?
Who were the Progressives?• Middle and upper class began
to notice the problems with industrialization.• Muckrakers report problems
• Vocab: Progressive • Progressive: A member of a
social and political movement of the early 1900s committed to improving conditions in American life
Who influenced the Progressives?
The Populists: Goals
1. Improve conditions for farmers and workers
2. Curb the power of big business
3. Make government more accessible
The Social Gospel Movement:
1. Christianity
2. Social reform
3. Society must take responsibility for the less fortunate
The Progressives:
1. Want to improve society
2. Use political action
3. Use the government to solve problems
4. Regulation of Big Business
The Progressives Challenge to Social Darwinism
• Progressives strongly opposed the robber baron’s philosophy of Social Darwinism
• Social Darwinism: belief that the “fittest” (best) people and corporations would thrive
• Laissez-faire business policy leave business alone
• Progressives believe that domination by the rich and powerful was a distortion of democracy.
Some of the accomplishments of the Progressives
• Child labor outlawed in 1893• States pass laws to make it illegal• More high schools built and student enrollment increases over time
as children stop working• Working Conditions improve
• Workers compensation: pay workers who get injured on the job• Shorter hours and minimum wage
• Fight corruption in government• Elect mayors, governors and people to Congress who aren’t
corrupt• Clean up the police force• Increased number of services provided by the city (like parks and
garbage)• Give the people the power to pass laws through initiatives and
referendums
Problem-Solving Activity• For each problem on the next few slides, say which
choice you think is best and then explain why.
Scenario #1The majority of workers live in tenement houses that are falling apart and overcrowded. Because they are made mostly of wood and built right next to each other without any fire escapes, they would be very dangerous for people if a fire started. Lack of adequate plumbing has led to there being a lot of sewage on the streets.A.These buildings provide housing for people who have no where else to live. If the housing were nicer then the new immigrants couldn’t afford it and they would be homeless. B.A law should be passed that requires the city to collect trash weekly and also to require buildings to have a fire escape. Also, money should be spent on roads and trolleys so it is easy to work in the city but live somewhere else. This will keep the city from getting overcrowded.C.Workers should be given a larger share of the profits made by the companies where they work. No business owner should be able to make more than 20 times as much money as his lowest paid employee.
Scenario #2Democracy is no longer working well in local governments because of the political machines. Elected officials are taking bribes from businesses to make laws that favor those businesses. Also, people can only be hired for government positions like mail carrier or teacher if they pay a bribe. Lastly, elected officials are using tax money to pay ridiculously high prices for building and contract work that is all being done by their friends. Sometimes this leads to a kick-back where their friends let them keep some of the money “paid” for the job.A.Elect people into office who promise not to be corrupt and who will try and change the laws that allow corruption.B.Change how governments are run so that instead of electing a mayor, the governor appoints 5 people to run the city together. The appointment people are experts in their field – an engineer, a public safety office, a financial advisor, etc.C.Get rid of local government and instead have all meetings decided by the entire town in local town hall meetings.
Scenario #3State and federal governments allow monopolies to control an entire industry. Once a monopoly exists in an industry they can charge consumers high prices, pay workers low wages and pollute the environment. A.Monopolies mass produce products wanted and used by society. By becoming so large they are able to offer more products to more people and employ more workers. Also, they have generated wealth and power that has made the United States into a world power.B.State governments should make laws that regulate businesses. These laws could include requirements for working conditions, limits on the pollution that a business can generate and making monopolies illegal.C.The state should take control of essential businesses, like railroads, electricity, and oil because these items are all necessary for people to eat, live in warm houses and transport themselves and goods. Since no one would choose to live without electricity it defies the rules of supply and demand, meaning an electric company that was a monopoly could charge whatever they wanted and people would still pay. For this reason, it should be run by the government and equally distributed to all people for a reasonable price.
Scenario #480% of African-Americans live in the South in 1900 as tenant farmers under Jim Crow laws that segregate their daily life, voting restrictions that deprive them of their right to vote and the Ku Klux Klan that terrorize anyone who tries to fight for a better life.•Decide first if this problem should be solved by government or by the people themselves.
• If you think government should fix it, what steps can the government take to enforce the laws and amendments that have been passed?
• If you think the people themselves should fix it, describe what the people can do themselves without relying on the government.
•How will your plan be paid for and/or enforced?
Options
A. Laissez-Faire, Conservative
B. Progressive, Liberal
C. Radical
Match the problem caused by political machines with the Progressives’ solutions. *Challenge Assignment – What problems could the solutions accidentally create?
Problems caused by Political Machines Progressive reforms for Government
A. Political parties kept average people from choosing the candidate.B. Immigrants voted for political bosses in return for the favors that the boss had done for them.C. Government officials were paid off to ignore illegal activities like gambling or drinking.D. Corporations bribed political parties to get their favorite candidate into office.E. Politicians gave jobs to their friends and government contracts to their friends’ businesses without allowing other companies to compete for the contract.F. Voter fraud included people voting more than once in different voting stations.
1.Secret ballots and private voting booths
2.Voters select their candidates in a primary rather than have political parties select the candidates.
3.Recalls allow voters to remove a corrupt or disliked elected official if enough people sign a petition to create a special election.
4.Initiatives allow people to propose their own laws to be voted on by people on the election day ballot.
5.Pendleton Act sets up guidelines for hiring government workers (“civil servants”) so that jobs would be given based on merit.
Problems caused by Political Machines
Progressive reforms for Government
A. Political parties kept average people from choosing the candidate.B. Immigrants voted for political bosses in return for the favors that the boss had done for them.C. Government officials were paid off to ignore illegal activities like gambling or drinking.D. Corporations bribed political parties to get their favorite candidate into office.E. Politicians gave jobs to their friends and government contracts to their friends’ businesses without allowing other companies to compete for the contract.F. Voter fraud included people voting more than once in different voting stations.
1.Secret ballots and private voting booths – A and/or F
2.Voters select their candidates in a primary rather than have political parties select the candidates. – A and/or D
3.Recalls allow voters to remove a corrupt or disliked elected official if enough people sign a petition to create a special election. A, B, C, D, E and/or F
4.Initiatives allow people to propose their own laws to be voted on by people on the election day ballot. D and/or E
5.Pendleton Act sets up guidelines for hiring government workers (“civil servants”) so that jobs would be given based on merit. B, C and/or E
Agenda, 10/8/2013• HOTROC• POV activity• Categorizing Activity• Progressive Presidents Venn Diagram (if time)
• HW: Essays due in class tomorrow, digital copies to turnitin.com by 5pm on Thursday
HOT ROC
•Use your homework notes (p.226-227) for your historical applications as you add progressive and suffrage to your glossary.
POV: Big Government vs. Big Business
Big Government Big Business
Approach to business
Businesses will better serve the consumer if they follow regulations and requirements set by the government.
Businesses can create jobs for workers and goods for consumers best when they don’t have to follow lots of government rules. (Laissez-faire policies)
What makes the US great?
Equality: The government protecting everyone’s public welfare
Liberty: The freedom to pursue your dreams and be free from government control
What they were called in 1900
Progressives Captains of Industry
What they are called today
Democrats Republicans
Categorizing practiceWhich of these are a result of Big Government? Which are a result of Big Business?•Tenement houses•Political Machines•Nat’l Child Labor Committee•Laissez-faire policies•Workers’ Compensation•Vertical Integration•Robber Barons•inspectors of garbage collection
POV Activity: Confronting Racism in the Progressive Era
• How should issues of race and racism be addressed in American society?
• Read and respond to DuBois and Washington excerpts from p. 228 & 229. • Which perspective do you
agree most with and why?
POV: Desire for changeHow would you categorize Booker T.
Washington and W.E.B. Dubois? How would you categorize yourself?
Reactionary Conservative Liberal Radical
Wants to go back in time to a previous way of doing things.
Wants to maintain the current system, status or way of doing things.
Wants to make changes that will reform or improve the current system
Wants to discard the current system and create an entirely new and better system.
Usually are people who feel they have recently lost something they previously had
Usually are people who are benefitting from the current system. Prefer maintaining order.
Usually are people who know that the system needs to be fixed but don’t want revolutionary change. Comfortable with trying new things.
Usually people who have a compelling vision of how things could be entirely different and/or have lost faith in being able to fix the current system.
Categorizing practiceExplain the different responses people had to the problems at the end of the 19th Century.
• Sort these people or events into Reactionary, Conservative, Liberal or Radical:
PopulistsProgressives
Social Gospel Movement
Unions
strikes
voting restriction laws
Nativists
monopolies
Social Darwinism
Political machines
Chinese Exclusion Act
THE PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS
Directions• Make a large Venn diagram on a whole sheet of paper.• Use 18.2, 18.3, 18.4 (p.232-239) to find out what
Progressive reforms each of the following Presidents did and what similarities/differences the Presidents had between each other.• Think of:
• Political reforms• Economic reforms• Social reforms
• At the end, use the information to write a thesis sentence response that includes prompt, organizational categories and position.
Agenda, 10/9-10/10• Turn in research papers• Progressive Presidents Venn Diagram• Election of 1912• Vocabulary: election• Women’s suffrage movement
• Reminders: • Submit a digital copy of your paper to
turnitin.com by 5pm on Thurs• Unit 2 test on Tuesday• Checklists due on Tuesday
Create a Venn Diagram to record notes from today’s lecture.
• Label reforms as P= Political, S= Social, E= Economic
• Draw arrows to show similarities.
Theodore Roosevelt• Republican President comes to
power in 1901• “The man who holds that every
human right is secondary to his profit must now give way to the advocate of human welfare.”--Teddy
• Political Reforms• Square Deal: regulate big
business to protect workers and consumers
• Economic Reforms• “Trust Busting” with the Sherman
Anti-Trust Act (busts railroads)• Social Reforms
• Pure Food and Drug Act: sets up FDA response to Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
• U.S. Forest Service: National Forests!
William Howard Taft • Republican President and Teddy’s successor (1908)• “The welfare of the farmer
and the worker is vital to that of the whole country”—Taft
• Political Reform• Limits power of big business
in government
• Social Reform• Adds to national forests• Child’s Bureau: investigate
child labor
• Economic Reform• Promises to lower tariffs• Raises them instead (!!) and
angers Roosevelt
Woodrow Wilson• Democrat president
elected 1912• “The ear of a leader must ring
with the voices of the people”—Woody
• Social Reform• Abolishes Child labor• 18th Amendment: Prohibition
of Alcohol• Economic Reform
• Federal Reserve System: system to regulate banks
• 16th Amendment: income tax• Political Reform
• 17th Amendment: direct election of Senators
• 19th Amendment: WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE!
Answer Key
Teddy Roosevelt1901-1908
William Taft1908-1912
Woodrow Wilson 1912-1921
Similarities
Political Reforms
Square Deal- big business reform
Wanted to limit the power of big corporationsLawsuits against trusts
New Freedom: limited the power of trustsClayton antitrust act- limit trusts even more, protected labor unions19th Amendment- Suffrage
Roosevelt supported Taft in the 1908 election.All presidents wanted to reform big businessRoosevelt and Wilson sympathetic to women’s right to vote
Economic Reforms
Sherman Anti Trust ActHepburn Act- The Fed. Gov. could set railroad ratesArbitration for steel workers
Low tariff platform in his campaign- however in 1909 he raised tariffs- upset Progressives
Tariff ReformCreated the Federal Trade CommissionFederal Reserve (The Fed)16th Amendment- income tax17th Amendment- direct election
Taft and Wilson wanted to reform the banking system
Social Reforms
Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act (FDA)US Forest Service- set aside land for national forests
Added land to national forests,Children’s BureauNational wildlife refuge
Keating-Owen Child Labor ActNational Park Service18th Amendment- Prohibition
All three did not worry about racial tensions in the US.Taft and Wilson set up 8 hour workdays
THE ELECTION OF 1912
Candidates• Roosevelt:
• Republican President 1901-1908
• Wanted Republican nomination, failed to get it, created Progressive “Bull Moose” party
• Taft:• Incumbent• Republican President
1908-1912• Wilson
• Democrat
• Vocab: Election
And…Eugene Debs- Socialist
Modern Example:
Results
History of Women’s Suffrage• Seneca Falls Convention (1848)• Elizabeth Cady Stanton• Declaration of
Sentiments
• Suffrage Amendment first proposed in 1878 by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton• 19th Amendment not
passed until 1920
What took so long?!
• What was it like to be a woman in the late 19th – early 20th Century?
• Why did some people oppose Women’s Suffrage?
• Declaration of Sentiments and questions
• Examples of opponents to women’s suffrage
Agenda, 10/11/2013• HOT ROC: Vocab card quiz• Unit 2 test review – Review Jeopardy
Putting it all together
• Notes Checklist • While putting together the checklist, you will watch a
video about the turn of the century.• The Century: Seeds of Change • Part 1: Start at 6:13
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEcpJQxtswA
• Part 2: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IepTBls1uk&feature=related
• Part 3: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dae7QI6gIsA&feature=related