Physics and Chemistry UNIT 2 2º ESO IES ÁNGEL DE SAAVEDRA 2. THE STATES OF MATTER 2.1. THE THREE STATES OF MATTER Every substance can take on several distinct forms called phases or states of aggregation of matter. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. There are several other states (liquid crystal, superfluid, Bose–Einstein condensates…) but these only occur in extreme situations such as ultracold or ultradense matter. Substances can move from one phase to another if certain physical conditions, like temperature, change. Example: Each state has different macroscopic 1 properties: SOLID LIQUID GAS Fixed volume and shape Assumes the shape of the bottom part of the container they occupy, with a free surface at the top Assumes the shape and whole volume of its container Not easily compressible 2 . Not easily compressible Easily compressible Does not flow easily Flows quite easily Flows very easily Both gases and liquids are called fluids due to their capacity to flow. 1 “Macroscopic” It means large enough to be visible to the naked eye. 2 When you “compress” something, you measure out a certain amount of material and force it into a smaller volume. • Copy in your notebook the diagram that shows the macroscopic property of each state and learn it. • Write the new vocabulary and search the meaning. • Go to this youtube video and answer the questions at the end of the unit. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5x2S4iWDm8 • Click and do the test: http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zccmn39/test
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UNIT 2 The States of Matter - juntadeandalucia.es · 2. THE STATES OF MATTER 2.1. THE THREE STATES OF MATTER Every substance can take on several distinct forms called phases or states
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PhysicsandChemistryUNIT2 2ºESOIESÁNGELDESAAVEDRA
2.THESTATESOFMATTER
2.1.THETHREESTATESOFMATTER
Every substance can takeon several distinct forms calledphasesor states ofaggregationof matter. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid,liquid, gas, and plasma.There are several other states (liquid crystal, superfluid,Bose–Einstein condensates…) but theseonly occur in extreme situations such asultracoldorultradensematter.
Substances canmove from one phase to another if certain physical conditions, liketemperature,change.Example:
Each state has different macroscopic1 properties:
SOLID LIQUID GAS
Fixed volume and shape Assumes the shape of the
bottom part of the container they occupy, with a free
surface at the top
Assumes the shape and whole volume of its container
Not easily compressible2.
Not easily compressible
Easily compressible
Does not flow easily
Flows quite easily
Flows very easily
Bothgasesandliquidsarecalledfluidsduetotheircapacitytoflow.1“Macroscopic” It means large enough to be visible to the naked eye. 2When you “compress” something, you measure out a certain amount of material and force it into a smaller volume.
Under certain conditions, some solids turn straight into a gaswhenheated. This process is calledsublimation.Agoodexample is solid carbondioxide,also called ‘dry ice’.Atatmosphericpressure, itturnsstraightintogaseouscarbondioxide.
Liquidcarbondioxidecanonlyexistunderhighpressure, suchas in fireextinguishers. Iodinealsosublimes-itturnsdirectlyfromshinypurple-blackcrystalstoapurplevapourwhenwarmedup.
Gas cylinders used for camping stoves and barbecues contain liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)underhighpressure.Assoonasthepressureisreleased,theliquidturnsbacktoagas.