Acids, Bases, and Salts (Unit Two, Lesson 2.8) By Margielene D. Judan
Unit 2, Lesson 2.8 - Acids, Bases, and Salts
Aug 16, 2015
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- 1. Acids, Bases, and Salts (Unit Two, Lesson 2.8) By Margielene D. Judan
- 2. Lesson Outline: Acids vs. Bases Comparison Neutralization reaction pH scale Salts
- 3. Acids, bases, and salts are evident in the quality of environment.
- 4. Acids vs. Bases When dissolved in water, acids: 1. Conduct electricity 2. Change blue litmus to red 3. Have a sour taste 4. React with bases to neutralize their properties 5. pH < 7 6. React with active metals to liberate hydrogen When dissolved in water, bases: 1. Conduct electricity 2. Change red litmus to blue 3. Have a slippery feeling 4. React with acids to neutralize their properties 5. pH > 7
- 5. Acids vs. Bases Most acids have a suffix ic attached Examples: Sulfuric acid Nitric acid Acetic acid (vinegar) Bases have hydroxide attached at the end Examples: Sodium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide
- 6. Acids vs. Bases Acids have H+ ions at the beginning of their formula Examples: H2CO3 HCOOH HCl Exceptions are the hydrocarbons (they have C and H in the beginning and a carboxylic acid at the ending [HCOOH]) like CH3COOH, CH3CHOHHCOOH Bases have hydroxide OH- ions the end of their formula Examples: NaOH Ca(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 carboxylic acidHydrocarbon methane
- 7. Acids are important even in your body. Acids in the body
- 8. Acid can be found in your teeth. They are produced by bacteria. So always brush your teeth. Acids in the body
- 9. Acid can also be found in your stomach. Hydrochloric acid helps digest food. Acids in the body
- 10. Hydrochloric acid in your stomach is ten times stronger than carbonic acid found in soft drinks. Acids in the body
- 11. Acids, in the form of sweat helps also regulate body temperature. The bad odor is caused by the bacteria. Acids in the body
- 12. Acids are also important in the industries. Acids in the industry
- 13. Sulfuric acid manufacture of plastics, detergents, batteries, and metals Nitric acid manufacture of explosives, rubber, dyes, and pharmaceuticals Phosphoric acid manufacture of fertilizers, animal feeds, detergents, and ceramics Acetic acid manufacture of plastic and food supplements, found in vinegar Acids in the industry
- 14. Binary or simple acids contains two different elements, hydrogen and a nonmetal (ex. HCl) Oxyacids contains oxygen (ex. HNO3) Kinds of Acids
- 15. Process of reacting an acid and base They combine to form 1. Water 2. Salts NEUTRALIZATION
- 16. pH - a measure of H+ concentration in a solution Acid < 7 Base > 7 Neutral (pure H2O) = 7 pH SCALE
- 17. Compound produced by neutralization reaction Provide essential ions for the body Ex. NaCl (salt), Potash (K2CO3), Chalk (CaCO3) SALTS
- 18. Will the pH increase or decrease if NaCl (table salt) is added to pure water (H2O)? NaCl + H2O Question:
- 19. Nothing will happen. Remember that salt added to water are products of a neutralization reaction. NaCl + H2O NaOH + HCl Answer: base + acid = water and salt
- 20. 1. HCOOH 2. CH3COOH 3. pH of 8 4. KOH 5. pH of 1 Recitation: Classify as acid or base
- 21. 1. HCOOH Acid (with H at the beginning) 2. CH3COOH Acid (with hydrocarbon CH3) 3. pH of 8 Base (pH > 7) 4. KOH Base (with OH at the ending) 5. pH of 1 Acid (pH < 7) Answers:
- 22. Activity: (1/4 sheet of paper)
- 23. 1. HCl 2. pH of 13 3. NaCl 4. Mg(OH)2 5. H2O 6. pH of 7.5 7. MgO 8. C5H9O5COOH 9. Ca(OH)2 10. pH of 7 Write A if it is an acid, B if it is a base, and N if neither.
- 24. 1. HCl Acid (with H at the beginning) 2. pH of 13 Base (pH > 7) 3. NaCl Neither (its a salt) 4. Mg(OH)2 Base (with OH at the ending) 5. H2O Neither (pH =7) 6. pH of 7.5 Base (pH > 7) 7. MgO Neither (its a salt) 8. C5H9O5COOH Acid (with hydrocarbon and carboxylic acid COOH) 9. Ca(OH)2 Base (with OH at the ending) 10. pH of 7 Neither (pH =7; water) Answers:
- 25. Memorize the p block elements. (15 items) Quiz tomorrow:
- 26. Coverage: pp. 58 74 (Lessons 2.5 2.8) Day One (w/ periodic table) Know how to classify acids, bases and salts based on pH, chemical names and other properties Know the properties of colloids Distinguish solution, suspension and colloid Know how to locate the elements by groups and periods Know how to classify elements as metals, metalloids, or nonmetals; solid, liquid or gas Differentiate elements and compounds Review the p. 80 Check Your Understanding B. Day Three (no periodic table) Memorize all the names of the elements (s, p, d, and f) = 30 items Long Quiz next, next meeting:
- 27. Science Links 7 Sources:
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