Unit 2 History. Complete the activity for this website by: Accessing the Ultranet ‘submission’ task.

Civil Rights Movement

Unit 2 History

Origins of Slavery

http://www.newint.org/features/2001/08/05/history/

Complete the activity for this website by:

Accessing the Ultranet ‘submission’ task

OR

Accessing the word document on Dingo.

Started with the start of civilisation in Mesopotamia (now Iraq) 10,000 years ago.

Ancient Greeks used women for domestic work and (later on) men for farming.

Ancient Romans started the ‘slave trade’ for all kinds of jobs (e.g. mining, gladiators etc.).

The Portuguese started the ‘transatlantic slave trade’ and other empires followed.

The British brought slaves to America where ‘all men are [were] created equal’ … except slaves.

Origins of Slavery

Origins of Slavery

Slaves tend the hair of their mistress

Origins of Slavery

US has the eighth largest Black population in the world

Slavery began in 1619 with 20 Africans in Jamestown as indentured servants

1660’s British colonies passed laws◦ Blacks became slaves for life◦ Interracial marriage was forbidden◦ Children of slaves bore the status of the mother

regardless of father’s race

Slavery in the USA

Slavery in the USA

Both contemporary institutional and individual racism have their origins in the institution of slavery

Slavery in US rested on 5 central conditions:◦ Slavery was for life◦ Status was inherited◦ Slaves were considered mere property◦ Slaves were denied rights◦ Coercion was used to maintain the system

Slave Codes

Slave Codes

Could not marry or meet with a free Black Marriage between slaves not legally recognized Slave could not legally buy or sell anything

except by special arrangement Slave could not possess weapons or liquor Slave could not quarrel with or use abusive

language toward Whites Slave could not possess property (including

money), except as allowed by his or her owner

Slave Codes

Slave could make no will, nor could he or she inherit anything

Slave could not make a contract or hire him or herself out

Slave could not leave a plantation without a pass noting his or her destination and time of return

No one, including Whites, was to teach a slave (and in some areas even a free Black) to read or write or to give a slave a book, including the Bible

Slave Codes

Slave could not gamble Slave had to obey established curfews Slave could not testify in court except against

another slave Rules varied by state and were not always

enforced Violations dealt with in a variety of ways

◦ Mutilation and branding◦ Imprisonment was rare; most were whipped

Owner immune from prosecution for physical abuse

Slave Codes

Slave Codes

Social Darwinism is an application of the theory of natural selection to social, political, and economic issues. In its simplest form, Social Darwinism follows the mantra of "the strong survive," including human issues. This theory was used to promote the idea that the white European race was superior to others, and therefore, destined to rule over them.

Social Darwinism

http://www.allaboutscience.org/what-is-social-darwinism-faq.htm

Charles Darwin wrote‘Origin of the Species’in 1859.

Attitudinal Racism: General dislike of a certain race or group without reason

Ideological Racism: Believing some races superior to others (e.g. Adolf Hitler)

Individual/Group Racism (e.g. Ku Klux Klan)

Institutional Racism: Create patterns of injustice and inequality because of skin color. (e.g. voting (1960), high price of colleges in America)

Types of Racism

Web of Racism

Labor Market Education

Housing Media

Unequal opportunities and

outcomes

Criminal Justice

The 13 American Colonies (on the east coast of what is now the United States) fought against British to gain independence.

Their main reason for fighting was that the British kept taxing them, controlling their trade and interfering with laws and military matters.

Independence was declared in 1776, with Thomas Jefferson promoting ‘all men are created equal’. Jefferson owned as many as 600 slaves in his lifetime.

American Revolution

American Revolution

The revolution helped make the United States of America a free and independent nation.

However, it avoided the ‘slave issue’. Slavery was already on the way out in Europe

(Abolition in Britain, 1833) and many of the states (particularly in the north) had either banned or made laws to gradually abolish it.

Other states, particularly the plantation states of the South, wanted to keep slaves to keep making profits and because they feared what the ‘free’ slaves would do (i.e. fight back).

Civil War

Abraham Lincoln, born in Kentucky, became President in 1861.

In the same year he wrote the Emancipation Proclamation, which he used to declare that he would use ‘war powers’ to ‘free all slaves in states still in rebellion’.

This led to the ‘slave states’, including Kentucky, to cede from the United States of America.

This led to the Civil War between the USA and the Confederate states.

Emancipation Proclamation

Emancipation Proclamation

Civil War

Civil War

The first branch of the Ku Klux Klan was established in Pulaski, Tennessee in May 1866.

Most of the leaders were former members of the Confederate Army, it’s leader (the Grand Wizard) being Nathaniel Forrest (the origin of Forrest Gump’s name!).

Dedicated to white supremacy, the Klan tortured and killed black Americans and sympathetic whites.

Ku Klux Klan

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkkk.htm

Ku Klux Klan

Ku Klux Klan